铁芒萁植物体中稀土元素含量分布的研究

本文叙述了铁芒萁植物体和土壤中稀土元素的ICP发射光谱、UV分光光度和x射线荧光光谱分析测定结果,比较了稀土矿区和非矿区铁芒萁的稀土元素含量,发现矿区铁芒萁叶中含有0.33%的稀土元素(按干叶计氧化稀土),非矿区铁芒萁叶中含有0.19%的稀土元素(按干叶计氧化稀土),研究了铁芒萁不同部位稀土元素分布的状况。本工作为研究稀土元紊对植物生长机理的关系是很有意义的,对利用植物探矿的研究也具有一定意义。     

稀土尾矿库周边植物碱蓬对稀土元素的吸收与生物富集作用

为研究稀土尾矿库周边植物碱蓬对4种稀土元素(La、Ce、Pr、Nd)的吸收和富集特征,以广泛分布于稀土尾矿库周边的碱蓬及其根区土壤为研究对象,用ICP-MS法分析土壤中La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Gd的含量和碱蓬各器官中La、Ce、Pr、Nd的含量,并对土壤进行了污染评价。结果表明,土壤中6种稀土元素的平均含量顺序为:CeLaNdPrSmGd,其数值分别为7826.9 mg/kg、4117.8 mg/kg、2251.0 mg/kg、1393.3 mg/kg、240.1 mg/kg、217.0 mg/kg,且稀土尾矿库周边土壤受到了严重的稀土元素复合污染;碱蓬对La、Ce、Pr、Nd的吸收没有特别的选择性;碱蓬对La、Ce、Pr、Nd的转移能力和耐受力较强,且碱蓬植物体内积累了较多的稀土元素,所以碱蓬在一定意义上可用于该地区稀土元素污染土壤的修复;在采样点GW-1～GW-11中,碱蓬各器官中La、Ce、Pr、Nd的含量水平为根叶茎;在采样点GW-12～GW-18中,碱蓬各器官中La、Ce、Pr、Nd的含量水平为根茎叶,即La、Ce、Pr、Nd主要分布于碱蓬根部;相关性分析表明,碱蓬各器官中的稀土元素大部分来源于其根区土壤;在采样点GW-1～GW-18中,碱蓬对La、Ce、Pr、Nd转移系数的平均值分别为0.976、1.013、0.897、0.944,说明稀土尾矿库周边的碱蓬对稀土元素的转移能力顺序为:CeLaNdPr;碱蓬对La、Ce、Pr、Nd富集系数的平均值分别为0.117、0.153、0.108、0.149,说明稀土尾矿库周边的碱蓬对稀土元素富集能力顺序为:CeNdLaPr。     

稀土硅铁镁合金中硅的测定

在机械工厂自制的稀土硅铁镁合金中,当试样以硝酸、氢氟酸溶解后存有黑色不溶物,据分析系合金在溶炼时加入铸铁屑带入的。经光谱分析,黑色不溶物中残留较多量的是硅。为了回收硅,用碱熔融后再用光度法测定黑色不溶物中的硅,与氟硅酸钾容量法中硅的结果合并,提高了方法的准确度。 一、黑色不溶物的存在 为了测定不溶物中硅的准确含量,用熔融二次蒸干重量法测定6~#稀土硅铁镁合金试样(无锡柴油机厂制作)中硅的含量,其结果(％)如下:     

植被恢复对南方红壤侵蚀区稀土迁移及阻控的影响

为阐明在南方花岗岩红壤侵蚀区植被恢复对稀土迁移的影响,探讨稀土迁移的植物阻控效应,本研究以空间序列代替时间序列法选取不同治理年限下的典型样地,深入剖析其稀土含量特征,旨在量化评估生态林草措施下不同治理年限内阻控稀土迁移的生态效应。结果表明,水土流失样地随着生态恢复年限的增加,植被覆盖度的提高,植物种类的丰富,水土流失地土壤环境得到了改善,表层稀土流失也呈现出下降的趋势;土壤-芒萁系统中,稀土元素生态富集系数A_x呈现出先增加后下降的趋势,说明了土壤中稀土含量的增加短期内促进了稀土元素向芒萁植物叶片的迁移。芒萁植物叶片优先富集土壤中的轻稀土元素,充分体现出超累积植物芒萁一定程度上可阻控稀土元素向下游迁移,有可能达到生物调控环境中稀土污染的目的。研究成果可为拓展南方红壤侵蚀区稀土迁移的生物阻控提供科学依据。     

粉煤灰中稀土元素的酸溶特性

准格尔矿区黑岱沟露天煤矿燃煤中含有丰富的稀土元素,且在其燃烧产物粉煤灰中进一步富集,使得粉煤灰成为潜在的稀土资源。而研究粉煤灰中的稀土浸出特性,是从粉煤灰中提取稀土必不可少的环节,对于粉煤灰中稀土的提取具有重要的参考价值。文章研究了黑岱沟露天煤矿燃煤及燃煤产物粉煤灰的特性,以及采用盐酸浸出粉煤灰中的稀土元素的规律。研究结果表明,黑岱沟露天煤矿燃煤主要由硅、铝、铁等组成,其中氧化铝含量为18.66%,氧化硅含量为12.79%,稀土元素含量为144.93×10^-6,灰分为32.74%。燃烧后产生的粉煤灰中氧化铝含量可达50%,稀土氧化物含量则富集到939.12×10^-6,其中轻稀土主要存在于粉煤灰中的非晶态物中或以独立的化合物形式存在,少量存在于晶体矿物,而重稀土则主要存在于晶体矿相中,较难溶于酸,在150℃、150 min、盐酸浓度为25%,固含为18.62%的条件下,轻稀土与重稀土的平均溶出率分别为90%与60%。     

稀土夹杂物电化学性质研究及固溶稀土的测定

由于加入稀土金属,使铸铁和钢的性能有很大改善,因此人们注意了稀土元素的净化和改变非金属夹杂物形态的作用,并着重对稀土元素在钢中存在的形态、数量、大小以及分布进行了研究.文献用钢中稀土总量减稀土夹杂总量来计算固溶稀土.以甲醇电解液提取稀土夹杂物,用氢氧化物沉淀法测定电解液中稀土为固溶稀土.     

喷施稀土对茶叶中不同状态的稀土元素组成及含量的影响

茶树叶面喷施稀土是一项增产提质的栽培措施。但人们关心外源稀土对茶叶中稀土元素(REE)含量、组成及存在状态所产生的影响。试验表明,喷施至采摘间隔期愈长,喷施稀土对茶叶中稀土含量及组成等的影响愈小。茶叶中REE约有80%左右以水不溶态残存于茶渣中,不进入茶汤。进入茶汤中的REE约有10%是以稀土多糖状态存在,其中尤以La、Ce、Nd为主。间隔期愈短,稀土进入茶汤的量及参与稀土多糖配合物的量愈高。     

我国某地西矿区矿石中铌、稀土矿物的系列及其综合利用方向

为查明西矿矿石中铌、稀土元素的存在形式,铌、稀土元素的赋存矿物,我们采用了铌、稀土的物相分析、岩矿鉴定、电子探针分析、扫描电镜微区分析与数字图象处理综合技术等方法进行对比。查明铌主要以铌钽酸盐矿物形式存在;稀土主要以稀土磷酸盐、稀土氟碳酸盐矿物形式存在。对已经发现的27种单矿物内稀土的含量作了对比研究,建立了铌矿物和稀土矿物的矿物系     

贵州织金含稀土生物屑磷块岩稀土元素赋存状态研究

对贵州织金新华含稀土磷矿床进行的稀土元素分析结果表明,磷块岩中含稀土总量ΣREE较高,LREE/HREE比值较大,富集La、Nd、及Y等轻稀土及重稀土元素.普遍具Ce、Eu的负异常,稀土分配模式等显示海相沉积源区继承性及热水源加入特征.生物碎屑、白云石及胶磷矿的单矿物微量元素分析证明,稀土元素含量与胶磷矿密切相关.胶磷矿中稀土元素含量大于其它矿物中稀土含量.扫描电镜及电子探针分析研究表明,稀土元素主要不是以独立矿物形式存在.化学物相分析研究证明,稀土元素多以类质同象形式存在于磷灰石中,少量被粘土矿物相吸附.解决了该类型矿床稀土元素赋存状态长期未解决的问题.综合研究表明,稀土元素赋存状态主要以类质同象形式存在于磷灰石晶格中,稀土元素的含量与胶磷矿密切相关.     

稀土冶炼过程中铀、钍、镭等放射性核素的迁移

研究了天然放射性元素钍、铀、镭在稀土冶炼过程中转移情况。使用X-射线荧光(XRF)对渣样分析以及电感耦合高频等离子光谱仪(ICP)对冶炼过程产生的水样分析,结果表明,得到稀土矿中的钍、镭元素主要富集于酸溶渣;铀元素富集于中和渣。通过伽马谱分析计算酸溶渣中钍含量为426.47 mg/kg,中和渣中铀的含量为281.82 mg/kg;并且酸溶渣的放射性活度要高于中和渣。最后分析稀土生产工艺流程得到渣中的主要物相组成:酸溶渣中主要含有硫酸钡、二氧化硅、稀土难溶氧化物和稀土复盐;钍元素以二氧化钍、磷酸钍、镭元素以硫酸镭等难溶盐的形式富集于酸溶渣。中和渣中主要含草酸钙、氯化钠、少量碳酸盐和稀土草酸盐;铀元素以重铀酸盐、氢氧化四铀的形式富集于中和渣。     

枫香中稀土元素含量区间谱图的测绘与药性分析

应用ICP-MS测定了海南中部山区野生枫香中稀土元素的含量,讨论了其分布区间尺度,稀土元素总含量中占有最大比值的是Ce,为33.14%,其次是La\,Nd.绘制了含量区间谱图.枫香中稀土元素的含量区间位于4.5～7.0μg/g之间,波形平缓,波幅小,可推断其为辛味药性.     

Comparative study on rare earth elements from Flos Sophorae and Fructus Sophorae

Flos Sophorae and Fructus Sophorae are two kinds of traditional Chinese medicines. In this work, the two kinds of traditional Chi-nese medicines collected from eleven areas of Dezhou, were analyzed by inductively couple plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to compare the content and distribution of 14 kinds of rare earth elements (REEs). The method was verified by analyzing GBW07605 certified reference material. The results showed that ICP-MS is an accurate, sensitive and reliable technique for determining REEs in traditional Chinese medi-cine. There were big differences in contents for REEs in Flos Sophorae and Fructus Sophorae from different areas. The contents of total REEs in Flos Sophorae samples from different areas ranged from 1.0785 to 2.2659 g/g, while those in Fructus Sophorae from 0.6826 to 1.0527 g/g. The contents of total REEs in Flos Sophorae samples from different areas were obviously higher than those in Fructus Sophorae of the same area and there was big difference between various Flos Sophorae samples. Interestingly, the higher the content of total REEs in Flos Sophorae samples, the lower the content of total REEs in Fructus Sophorae samples of the same area. The plots of normalized element con-centration versus atomic number showed some characteristic distribution trends. The distribution trend of light REEs (La-Gd) was relatively flat except a positive Eu anomaly, however, that was steep and discrepant for heavy REEs (Tb-Lu). The results could provide a valuable ref-erence for understanding the relationship between the curative mechanism, pharmacology characteristics and their geological condition for the two traditional Chinese medicines investigated.     

Process mineralogy of Weishan rare earth ore by MLA

Mineral liberation analyser (MLA) was applied to quantitatively analyze the rare earth ore from Weishan in Shandong. Mineralogy parameters, such as mineral composition, occurrence states of rare earth elements (REEs) and valuable elements, mineral embedded grain size distribution, mineral association and liberation, are obtained. Results show that the contents of REEs and other valuable elements mainly contained in the ore were La 1.02 wt%, Ce 4.29 wt%, Pr 0.34 wt%, Nd 0.84 wt%, Sr 3.4 wt% and Ba 26.53 wt%, respectively. The REEs mainly occur in bastnaesite and carbocernaite in the form of independent mineral and the contents of bastnaesite and carbocernaite in the ore were 5.96 wt% and 12.30 wt%, respectively. 67.34% of strontium occurs in carbocernaite and the rest occurs in celestobarite and strontianite mineral. 92.71% of barium occurs in barite. Liberation of main rare-earth minerals such as bastnaesite and carbocernaite is more than 80% when the grinding fineness is 78.42% passing 74 μm. The research results could be employed to provide detailed basic theoretical data for further improvement of the beneficiation process flow and the processing index of rare earth ore, the recycling of other valuable minerals and the comprehensive utilization of tailings.     

Fractionation of Rare Earth Elements in Plants Ⅰ. Fractionation Patterns and Their Forming Mechanisms in Different Organs of Triticum Aestivum

Fractionations of rare earth elements (REEs) and the forming mechanisms in plants were studied using Triticum aestivum as plant material with application of exogenous REEs and hydroponic culture. REEs were significantly fractionated in different parts of Triticum aestivum. M-type tetrad effect could be observed in both root and shoot of Triticum aestivum, which might result from the different abilities of REEs to form phosphate precipitation. Middle REEs (MREEs), light REEs (LREEs) and heavy REEs (HREEs) were enriched in root, stem and leaf of Triticum aestivum, respectively. REE speciation calculations using VMINTEQ program show REEs in simulated xylem solution mainly exist as REE-EDTA- and RE3 , but only HREEs are enriched in REE-EDTA-, while LREEs are enriched in the other REE species. It is suggested that the fractionation between LREEs and HREEs might be caused by the uptake of REE-EDTA- in Triticum aestivum leaves, but might result from the uptake of the other REE species in their stems.     

Effects of the accumulation of the rare earth elements on soil macrofauna community

The accumulation of rare earth elements(REEs)in soil has occurred due to the pollution caused by the exploitation of rare earth resources and the wide rare earth fertilizers in agriculture.The accumulation of REEs has a toxic effect on the soil macrofauna community.12study samples were collected near a mine tailings dam with a large amount of REEs by distance gradient sample method.The total concentration of REEs was analyzed and the results were compared with that of the sample from a control site.The effects of the amount of REEs in the soil on the soil macrofauna community were also analyzed.The results showed that the accumulation of REEs in soil was significant in the study area and its concentration was strongly correlated with the distance from the pollution source.One-way ANOVA analysis indicated the significant differences in soil macrofauna communities among the different sites.The ordination obtained through the redundancy analysis demonstrated that the concentration of REEs and the total nitrogen,total potassium and pH,had affected the soil macrofauna community.A small amount of REEs in the soil can promote the diversity of soil macrofauna,but a large amount of REEs can reduce its diversity.The insect groups of Carabidae and Dermaptera were comparatively sensitive to the concentration of REEs in soil,and could be used as an indicator of soil pollution of REEs.However,the Formicidae and Stibaropus formosanus exhibited a high tolerance to REEs in soil.We believe that it is very important for the soil environment protection to strictly control the application of the rare earth fertilizers in agriculture in China.     

Geochemical Characteristics and Behaviors of Rare Earth Elements in Process of Vertisol Development

Vertisol developed on argillaceous rocks has its special pedogenic processes and properties, and formed some secondary no,Jules. In study area, contents of rare earth elements (REE) are significantly different in different sedimentary rocks due to varied contents of clay fraction and clay mineral composition, etc. Under the dry and hot climate, REEs were less differentiated than their parent sedimentary rocks. However, REEs in secondary nodules formed in pedogenic process display their specific behaviors. They are more concentrated in iron concretions, the content of heavy REEs increases relatively, and positive Ce-anomaly appeares. But, negative Ceanomaly was found in calcium concretions, while normal Cecontent in parent recks and vertisol.     

浸出条件对稀土和铁浸出率的影响试验

以稀土精矿浓硫酸焙烧工艺中焙烧矿水浸过程为对象,研究了焙烧矿浸出温度、浸出时间、焙烧矿粒度等条件对稀土、铁浸出率的影响,并对水浸渣中稀土赋存状态进行了研究。研究表明,浸出温度和焙烧矿粒度对稀土、铁的浸出速率有较大影响,但对其浸出率没有影响,延长浸出时间,焙烧矿中的可溶性稀土、铁均可被浸出。水浸渣中的稀土主要以磷酸盐和氟氧化稀土形式存在,铁主要以磷酸铁形式存在,并含有少量硫化铁。     

REEs fractionation and sedimentary implication in surface sediments from eastern South China Sea

To get features of rare earth elements(REEs)fractionation,106 surface sediment samples from eastern South China Sea were determined for REEs combined with major and trace elements by ICP-MS.The distribution pattern of REEs,strong correlation between REEs and Al,North American shale composite(NASC)normalization all suggest a dominant crustal source for REEs in the research area.However, distinct fractionation among REEs was observed in surface sediment from area with water depth over 2000 m,confirmed by the strong positive correlation among light rare earth elements(LREEs)and among heavy rare earth elements(HREEs)but weaker relationship between LREEs and HREEs.Eluviation by Cl – might be a key role on the fractionation of REEs,comparing with factors such as grain size,co-precipitation with Fe and Mn hydroxide,calcareous and siliceous biogenic precipitation.The fractionation among REEs could be used as index to illustrate the sedimentary environment in reverse.     

Primary Results of New Rare Earth Materials for Hongti Grape

New rare earth (RE) materials including RE phosphate as base fertilizer, bioactive RE micro-fertilizer and RE entire plant nutrition agent as topdressing fertilizer are treated on Hongti grope.The result showes that the plant leaves become thicker, the color is dark green, the plant disease index is lower, and the sugar content significantly increases.     

Decomposition of the mixed rare earth concentrate by microwave-assisted method

A novel process was proposed to strengthen the decomposition of the mixed rare earth concentrate by utilizing the microwave radiation.Mineralogical information on the mechanisms by which microwave heating improved the leaching behavior of rare earth elements(REEs),and an interpretation of the interrelationship between mineralogy,decomposition process,and leaching process were provided in this study.The influences of the temperature,time of microwave heating and contents of NaO H(mass ratio of NaO H to mixed rare earth concentrate)on the decomposition of mixed rare earth concentrate were investigated.The results revealed that the temperature was the main factor affecting the decomposition process.The recovery of REEs by hydrochloric acid leaching reached 93.28% under the microwave heating conditions:140 oC,30 min and 35.35% NaO H.The BET specific surface area and SEM analysis indicated that the particles of mixed rare earth concentrate were non-hole,while the particles presented a porous structure after heating the concentrate by microwave radiation.For the microwave treated sample after water leaching,the BET specific surface area was 11.04 m~2/g,which was higher than the corresponding values(6.94 m~2/g)for the mixed rare earth concentrate.This result could be attributed to the phase changes of bastnaesite and monazite,and a number of cracks induced by thermal stress.The increase of BET specific surface area resulted in an increase of the recovery of REEs by promoting interaction within the system of acid leaching.