软X射线条纹相机的静态性能标定

软X光扫描相机是对软X光时间特性进行研究的主要诊断工具。我们利用同步辐射作为光源,对它的静态性能：能量响应、增益等性能进行了相对标定,给出了软X光条纹相机的能量响应曲线和增益特性曲线,并与利用Henke的经验公式^[1]计算给出的响应曲线比较,其结果与理论较符合。     

小型化软X光能谱仪研制

为研制小型化软X光能谱仪,首先研制了一批小型化软X光探测元器件,包括中子辐照的砷化镓探测器、质子辐照的砷化镓探测器、多层膜反射镜、平面镜和小型化X射线二极管(XRD)等等。配置了多层镜光电导软X光能谱仪、平面镜小XRD软X光能谱仪和平面镜光电导软X光能谱仪等。这些谱仪都在“神光”Ⅱ上做了考核实验,并对这些谱仪作出了客观的评价。     

低注量X射线中屏蔽电缆的系统电磁脉冲响应研究

介绍了在低注量X光条件下进行电缆的系统电磁脉冲实验研究的方法。将DPF低注量脉冲X光响应实验与实验室电流注入方法相结合,对典型实用电缆的系统电磁脉冲响应情况进行了实验研究,结果表明该方法对于电缆的研究是切实可行的,克服了由于缺乏高注量X光装置带来的困难。     

缝靶X光辐射特性诊断技术研究

在“星光Ⅱ”激光装置上,采用长柱缝靶模拟X光在柱腔内的输运过程,研究腔壁X光的辐射特性。实验中利用高时空分辨的X射线皮秒分幅相机和软X射线条纹相机从缝口观测腔内壁X光辐射时空分布,得到X光在腔中的输运速率、X光发射时间和轴向强度衰减量。利用X射线CCD针孔透射光栅谱仪观测到腔内X光辐射光谱随空间位置的变化,得到X光在输运过程中被多次吸收和发射后谱的变化特征。用XRD和Dante谱仪分别得到缝口、源和输运末端X光辐射总量和辐射温度。给出了实验中获得的典型结果,并对获得的结果进行了简要的分析讨论。     

缝靶X光辐射特性诊断技术研究

在“星光Ⅱ”激光装置上, 采用长柱缝靶模拟 X 光在柱腔内的输运过程,研究腔壁 X 光的辐射特性。实验中利用高时空分辨的 X射线皮秒分幅相机和软 X射线条纹相机从缝口观测腔内壁 X光辐射时空分布,得到 X 光在腔中的输运速率、X 光发射时间和轴向强度衰减量。利用 X 射线 CCD 针孔透射光栅谱仪观测到腔内 X 光辐射光谱随空间位置的变化,得到 X 光在输运过程中被多次吸收和发射后谱的变化特征。用 XRD 和 Dante 谱仪分别得到缝口、源和输运末端 X 光辐射总量和辐射温度。给出了实验中获得的典型结果,并对获得的结果进行了简要的分析讨论。     

滤光片及X射线二极管响应面均匀性研究

介绍了用于软X光能谱测量的滤光片及X射线二极管能量应均匀性研究。实验利用北京同步辐射装置3WIB束线,流强40－80mA的运行条件,在100－1600eV能区对滤光片及X射线二极管（XRD）作能响曲线标定。重点对C滤片及Al阴极XRD的灵敏面作能响面均匀性研究,最后给出响应面均匀性测量结果及计算分析。     

GaN肖特基核辐射探测器对X射线的响应时间特性研究

通过制作大面积GaN肖特基X射线探测器,研究了GaN肖特基探测器对X射线的时间响应特性。实验采用Fe掺杂的高阻自支撑GaN片来制备器件,对不同偏压下的时间响应进行了测试。针对所测得的实验结果,对其内部机理进行了分析,提出了1个GaN肖特基探测器对X射线照射下的时间响应的理论模型,得到非常好的拟合结果。实验发现,由于高阻层的存在,GaN肖特基探测器具有很高的信噪比,即使在可能的光淬灭效应的影响下,探测器在200V反向偏压下的信噪比仍可达到80左右。     

弯曲导管束对软X光的响应测量

初步测量了弯曲导管束对“水窗”波段及其附近X光的响应，结果表明X光在“水窗”段的响应，比其之外的响应要高。     

新型超快光电辐射探测器研制

针对超快脉冲辐射测量的需求,开发了一种具有超快时间响应、大线性电流输出的新型光电探测器件——超快大电流光电管。利用脉冲氙灯、飞秒激光器对该光电探测器件的最大线性电流输出、时间响应等特性参数进行了实验测量。同时,利用该探测器件与超快闪烁体耦合构成的超快脉冲辐射探测器对亚纳秒脉冲X射线源时间谱进行了测量。结果表明,该光电探测器件对脉冲的响应前沿为251ps、半高宽小于500ps,在其典型电压下具有3A以上线性电流输出,对于亚纳秒脉冲X射线束等脉冲辐射场的测量是一较为理想的探测器件。     

成像板对X射线的能量响应

作为X射线探测器,成像板的光激发光子信号对X射线的能量响应是非常重要的数据。利用同步辐射光源的单能X射线照射成像板,得到成像板对低能光子的能量响应曲线,并与MCNP程序计算结果进行对比分析,得到成像板响应函数的衰减模型。计算结果与实验结果一致,为进一步开展成像板在辐射测量领域的研究工作提供了参考。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

Gamma radiation levels in the ambient environment of the QNPP Base

Monitoring results of gamma dose rate level in 1992～2004 in the ambient environment of the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plants(QNPP)Base,the northeast of Zhejiang Province,are reported in this paper.It is shown that the gamma dose rate of five monitoring sites of 2.5 km to QNPP Base is 84～113 nGy/h,with an average of 96 nGy/h in the 13 years.The average value is close to the background level of 93 nGy/h prior to operation of the QNPP Base,and is lower than the monitoring result of 101 nGy/h at the reference site in Hangzhou City.Within 50 km from the QNPP Base,the cumulative dose rate of the thermoluminescent dosimeter(TLD)is 90 nGy/h,which is lower than the back- ground level of 111 nGy/h.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.