Impact of 100% Fruit Juice Consumption on Diet and Weight Status of Children: An Evidence-based Review

Consumption of 100% fruit juice remains controversial for its potential adverse impact on weight and displacement of essential foods in the diets of children. A systematic review of the literature published from 1995–2013 was conducted using the PubMed database to evaluate associations between intake of 100% fruit juice and weight/adiposity and nutrient intake/adequacy among children of 1 to 18 years of age. Weight status outcome measures included body mass index (BMI), BMI z-score, ponderal index, obesity, weight gain, adiposity measures, and body composition. Nutrient outcome measures included intake and adequacy of shortfall nutrients. Data extraction and analysis was conducted according to the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Evidence Analysis Process. Twenty-two studies on weight status provided evidence that did not support an association between 100% fruit juice consumption and weight/adiposity in children after controlling for energy intake. Limited evidence from eight studies suggests that children consuming 100% fruit juice have higher intake and adequacy of dietary fiber, vitamin C, magnesium, and potassium. Differences in methodology and study designs preclude causal determination of 100% fruit juice as sole influencer of weight status or nutrient intake/adequacy of shortfall nutrients. In context of a healthy dietary pattern, evidence suggests that consumption of 100% fruit juice may provide beneficial nutrients without contributing to pediatric obesity.     

A comparison of nutrient density scores for 100% fruit juices

ABSTRACT:  The 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend that consumers choose a variety of nutrient-dense foods. Nutrient density is usually defined as the quantity of nutrients per calorie. Food and nutrition professionals should be aware of the concept of nutrient density, how it might be quantified, and its potential application in food labeling and dietary guidance. This article presents the concept of a nutrient density score and compares nutrient density scores for various 100% fruit juices. One hundred percent fruit juices are popular beverages in the United States, and although they can provide concentrated sources of a variety of nutrients, they can differ considerably in their nutrient profiles. Six methodologies were used to quantify nutrient density and 7 100% fruit juices were included in the analysis: apple, grape, pink grapefruit, white grapefruit, orange, pineapple, and prune. Food composition data were obtained from the USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 18. Application of the methods resulted in nutrient density scores with a range of values and magnitudes. The relative scores indicated that citrus juices, particularly pink grapefruit and orange juice, were more nutrient dense compared to the other nonfortified 100% juices included in the analysis. Although the methods differed, the relative ranking of the juices based on nutrient density score was similar for each method. Issues to be addressed regarding the development and application of a nutrient density score include those related to food fortification, nutrient bioavailability, and consumer education and behavior.     

果汁乳饮料稳定性研究

论述了影响果汁乳饮料稳定性的因素,从稳定剂、杀菌条件、均质三方面对果汁乳饮料稳定性进行研究,确定了最佳稳定条件是：CMC添加量0.25％,PGA添加量0.15％,柠檬酸三钠添加量0.2％,蔗糖酯添加量0.1％,杀菌条件为80℃、10min,均质压力为20MPa。     

红枣果汁果渣与果酒果渣膳食纤维功能特性的比较研究

为了探究红枣果汁果渣与果酒果渣膳食纤维功能特性的差异,以红枣果汁果渣和果酒果渣为原料制备膳食纤维,通过测定膳食纤维的持水力、膨胀力、溶解性、持油力、阳离子交换能力以及吸附胆固醇、胆酸钠、葡萄糖能力,评价红枣果汁果渣与果酒果渣膳食纤维的功能特性。结果表明:红枣果酒果渣膳食纤维的持水力、膨胀力、溶解性、持油力、阳离子交换能力以及吸附胆固醇、胆酸钠、葡萄糖能力均显著高于果汁果渣膳食纤维(P<0.05),且随发酵天数延长,红枣果渣膳食纤维的功能特性均逐渐增加。发酵8 d时,果酒果渣膳食纤维持水力、膨胀力、溶解性、持油力、阳离子交换能力以及吸附胆固醇、胆酸钠、葡萄糖能力较果汁果渣膳食纤维分别提高了1.10、1.11、1.75、1.39、2.03、1.49、1.10和1.83倍,表明发酵有助于提高红枣果渣膳食纤维的功能特性。     

热辅助超声波处理对鲜榨火龙果汁品质的影响

本文以鲜榨汁和热处理汁(95 ℃、10 min)为对照,研究了热辅助超声波(Thermosonication,TS)处理对鲜榨红肉火龙果汁中自然菌群控制效果和品质保持的影响。结果表明,TS处理功率和温度的增加或处理时间的延长,对鲜榨火龙果汁中自然菌群的控制效果更有效,但不利于其色泽、V_C和总糖的保留;可溶性固形物含量、pH、总酸与鲜榨汁相比,无显著性差异(p>0.05)。其中,在570 W、50 ℃条件下经TS处理30 min,可使其菌落总数控制在1.77个对数,霉菌和酵母菌未检出(平板计数法);果汁的总色差ΔE^*<2,色泽无肉眼可见色差、接近鲜榨汁;V_C和总糖的保留率分别为86.89%、87.04%。95 ℃热处理10 min后的果汁虽然其自然菌群得到有效控制,但色泽、V_C和总糖等品质与鲜榨汁相比劣变明显。因此,TS(570 W、50 ℃、30 min)处理可用于控制火龙果汁中自然菌群并保持鲜榨汁的品质。     

Metabolic impact of 100% fruit juice consumption on antioxidant/oxidant status and lipid profiles of adults: An Evidence-Based review

One hundred percent fruit juice (FJ) contains bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity. As such, this fruit form has the potential to improve antioxidant status and mediate outcomes influenced by redox status. A systematic review of the literature published between 1995 and 2013 was conducted using PubMed database to evaluate associations between intake of 100% FJ and markers of antioxidant/oxidant status and blood lipid levels in healthy, free-living adults ≥18 years. Data extraction and analysis was conducted according to the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Evidence Analysis Process. Limited evidence from ten clinical trials meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria suggests potential improvements in a variety of antioxidant or oxidants biomarkers postconsumption of 100% FJ. Weak evidence from five studies suggests that one or more blood lipid measures may be positively influenced by consumption of 100% FJ. Heterogeneity in study methodology including biomarkers, 100% FJ type, dosage, and intervention duration precludes the ability to make evidence-based recommendations regarding a specific dose-duration-juice effect. Key characteristics in study designs were identified which must either be controlled or statistically adjusted for in future investigations in order to obtain a more accurate understanding of the complex relationship between metabolic outcomes and consumption of 100% FJ in context of a healthy dietary pattern.     

果汁乳酸菌饮料的研制

果汁乳酸菌饮料是采用脱脂牛乳,经乳酸菌发酵,再加入浓缩果汁、蔗糖、稳定剂、有机酸等调制而成的产品。本文探讨了果汁乳酸菌饮料的质量控制与艺要求,通过实验确定了产品的工艺及配方。     

钠盐对果汁豆奶稳定性的影响

采用单因素实验及正交实验分别研究了单个磷酸盐、柠檬酸盐及复合磷酸盐等含钠离子的不同盐类豆奶稳定性的影响。结果表明,钠类盐的加入能使体系的粘度及稳定性升高,但其添加量有最佳值,此值因盐的种类不同而不同;柠檬酸三钠的稳定效果优于单个的磷酸盐,但不如复配磷酸盐。加入柠檬酸三钠和复合磷酸盐后,果汁豆奶中的平均粒径均表现出增大的趋势。     

盘龙区9岁及以上社区居民膳食营养素摄 入状况分析

目的 分析2010年昆明市盘龙区9岁及以上居民膳食与营养素摄入状况。方法 采用整群随机抽样的方法,在盘龙区抽取180户334名9岁及以上居民开展连续3天24小时膳食回顾调查。 结果 2010年盘龙区9岁及以上居民谷类及制品每日平均摄入量为485.4g,豆及其制品摄入量为19.1g,动物性食物摄入量为185.8g(猪肉91.4g、其他畜肉31.0g、内脏4.9g、禽肉类18.4g、蛋类20.5g、鱼虾贝壳类19.6g),乳及其制品50.6g,蔬菜及制品321.6 g,水果及其制品61.8g,油脂类食物39.0 g,调味品24.7g(盐8.8g,酱类7.7g、酱油0.4g),坚果及种子类2.9g,糕点糖果类26.4g。居民每标准人日能量摄入为1960.9Kcal,蛋白质摄入70.4g/d,脂肪摄入为82.5 g/d,碳水化合物摄入235.5 g/d,胆固醇为281.3,膳食纤维为12.5 g/d,灰分摄入为20.7 g/d,维生素A视黄醇当量561.9ug /d,胡萝卜素2074.2 ug/d,视黄醇213.6 ug/d,维生素E总量29.7 mg/d,硫胺素1.0 mg/d,核黄素0.9 mg/d,维生素C104.3 mg/d,尼克酸19.5 mg/d,α维生素E9.3 mg/d,钙403.1mg/d,磷1018.9mg/d,钾1789.1mg/d,钠4957.1mg/d,镁278.3mg/d,铁23.5mg/d,锌12.3mg/d,硒44.1mg/d,铜1.7mg/d,锰5.4mg/d。盘龙区居民蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物提供能量比例分别为14.6%、36.1%和49.9%;谷类、豆类、薯类、动物性食物、纯热能食物、其他食物等各类食物提供的能量分别占总能量的42.2%、3.9%、1.8%、23.0%、16.0%和13.1%。膳食蛋白质来源于谷类、豆类、动物性食物、其他食物分别为32.3%、8.5%、42.7%和16.6%。脂肪来源于动物性食物和植物性食物的脂肪分别为43.5%和56.5%。 结论 2010年盘龙区居民膳食情况较2002年全国平均水平的摄入状况有较大变化。盘龙区居民的膳食结构不合理,营养素摄入不平衡,蛋类、鱼虾贝壳类、干豆及其制品、乳及其制品等摄入不足,均低于我国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量,而油脂类食物和食盐的摄入量均高于我国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量。     

超声波对果蔬汁杀菌和品质影响的研究进展

超声波是以机械振动的形式在媒介中传播的声波,其频率高于20 k Hz,超出了人耳听力的范围。超声波作为一种非热加工技术适用于果蔬汁加工,一方面,超声波通过空化作用破坏微生物细胞壁,抑制果蔬汁中微生物繁殖;另一方面,超声波与传统热杀菌技术相比较可以减少水和电的消耗,保留果蔬汁固有的营养品质和感官特性,提高产品的均一性。目前,超声波单独作用于食源腐败或致病微生物难以达到完全致死效应,但是超声波协同其他杀菌技术如:温和热处理、高压、抑菌剂等可以增加杀菌和钝酶的效果。本文介绍了超声波的作用机制和相关设备,综述了超声波单独或协同其他技术对于果蔬汁杀菌、降解农药残留,对果蔬汁营养成分、颜色、香气、稳定性、浊度等品质的研究现状以及该技术的发展趋势进行了分析。     

火龙果汁乳酸发酵的研究

本文研究了植物乳杆菌,干酪乳杆菌在火龙果汁中的生长规律,发酵过程中的总酸,总糖含量的变化及之间的内在联系.从产酸速度,活菌数,产品的感官,风味等方面进行评价,筛选适用于发酵火龙果汁的乳酸菌种.研究表明:发酵72 h后,植物乳杆菌,干酪乳杆菌和植物乳杆菌+干酪乳杆菌(1:1)发酵火龙果汁的酸度分别达到82.9、161.8...     

非热加工技术对果汁中花色苷影响的研究进展

花色苷是存在于新鲜果汁中的一种重要营养素,对果汁的品质与人体的健康都有着重要作用。非热加工技术因其可大量保留果汁中营养物质的独特性,而受到广泛关注。本文综述高静水压、高压脉冲电场、超声波和辐照4种非热加工技术对果汁中花色苷稳定性的影响;并探讨非热加工处理时花色苷的降解机制及其影响因素,以期为果汁中花色苷稳定性的控制提供有利的支持。     

果蔬汁的膜法脱气技术探讨

本文针对果蔬汁加工中的脱气加工要求，提出了用膜分高技术进行果蔬汁脱气的新方法。针对含气果蔬汁的分离要求，分析了气体分离用膜—复合膜的特点，并从分子运动及扩散机理的角度，分析了复合膜对气体的高度选择性，从而阐明了复合膜对果蔬汁脱气加工的可行性。另外，还分析了气体透过量的影响因素，并提出了提高气体透过量的措施。     

低温等离子体处理对猕猴桃浊汁品质的影响

研究低温等离子体电压及处理时间对猕猴桃浊汁品质的影响规律,为低温等离子体技术应用于猕猴桃浊汁的非热杀菌提供理论基础.以猕猴桃浊汁为原料,分别对其进行不同电压处理(10,25,40,55,70 kV)及不同时间(0.5,2,3.5,5,6.5 min)的低温等离子体处理,测定可滴定酸含量、浊度、△E值、VC含量、总酚含量...     

果汁中梨成分分子生物学鉴伪-实时荧光PCR方法研究

根据不同植物品种中类甜蛋白基因内含子的差异性,克隆梨类甜蛋白基因内含子,并根据其序列设计梨特异性扩增引物.通过对苹果、梨、桃等多种水果成分的特异性筛选,建立梨成分的实时荧光PCR检测方法,该方法对梨DNA的检测低限为10 pg/μL.用该方法检测几种常见的果汁样品(梨汁、梨果肉饮料、苹果汁、苹果果肉饮料、桃汁),结果表明,能够检测到果汁中的梨成分.该法可用于果汁或食品中梨成分的鉴别.     

超高压和高温短时杀菌对绿色复合果蔬汁的杀菌效果与品质影响

通过感官评价,综合基本理化指标得出了一种较优的绿色复合果蔬汁的配方,并对比超高压(high hydrostatic pressure,HHP)和高温短时杀菌(high temperature short time,HTST)处理前后及其在4 ℃贮藏过程中的杀菌效果和理化品质变化。结果表明:对复合果蔬汁分别进行HHP(600 MPa/5 min)处理和HTST杀菌(86 ℃/15 s)处理后,果蔬汁中菌落总数从5.18 lg CFU/mL,下降至1.07 lg CFU/mL和1.11 lg CFU/mL,霉菌酵母、乳杆菌和嗜冷菌均未检出,达到国家要求的果蔬汁卫生标准;HHP处理后的果蔬汁总酚含量为43.645 μg/mL,显著高于HTST绿色复合果蔬汁;与HTST处理相比,HHP处理可以更好地保持复合果蔬汁的悬浮稳定性、色泽和抗氧化性等营养和品质指标。在4 ℃,15 d的贮藏期间,经HHP处理和HTST杀菌后的复合果蔬汁微生物指标均未超出国家卫生标准,且经HHP处理后的复合果蔬汁的悬浮稳定性、色泽品质、总酚含量和抗氧化能力等各项品质指标均优于HTST杀菌组。因此,HHP绿色复合果蔬汁保持了更好的品质。     

天然复合水蜜桃果汁配方优化及超高压对果汁品质的影响

以水蜜桃、红心火龙果原汁为主原料,利用百香果原汁进行风味调配,通过感官评定结合单因素、响应面分析优化工艺配方,同时以菌落总数、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、pH、色泽、花青素、V_C含量为指标,以热处理（90℃/60 s）为对照,研究超高压处理对天然复合果汁品质的影响。结果表明：天然复合果汁最优配方为水蜜桃原汁43%、红心火龙果原汁46%、百香果原汁11%。优化条件下模型预测感官评分为93.87分,验证结果为92.86分,与模型结果接近。超高压能有效杀灭微生物,500 MPa、10 min处理后菌落总数降至1.84 lg CFU/mL,符合国家卫生标准。超高压处理后,复合果汁的可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、pH和花青素含量均无显著变化（P>0.05）,花青素含量显著高于热处理复合果汁（P<0.05）;褐变指数为176.62,显著低于热处理组（P<0.05）;V_C含量下降40.25%。与热处理相比,超高压更好保持了天然复合果汁的品质和营养。