化学气相催化热解法制备螺旋纳米碳纤维

采用酒石酸铜前驱体热分解得到纳米铜粒子作为催化剂,分别对250℃、280℃、310℃分解产生的纳米铜粒子进行测试分析,在3个温度下用化学气相沉积法生长螺旋纳米碳纤维并进行综合热分析。采用X-射线衍射(XRD)分析其物相组成,晶粒大小;用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察螺旋纳米纤维的外观形貌。结果表明,310℃生长出的螺旋纳米碳纤维纯度高、外观形貌清晰,热分析质量损失少。     

化学气相沉积法制备单壁碳纳米管研究进展

单壁碳纳米管的独特性能使其成为一种有着极大应用前景的新兴纳米材料,本文主要介绍了催化剂、裂解温度、载气等因素对化学气相沉积法（CVD）制备单壁碳纳米管的影响和采用化学气相沉积制备定向单壁碳纳米管方面的研究进展情况。     

化学气相沉积法合成纳米碳管阵列研究

研究以环己烷为前驱体采用化学气相沉积法制备纳米碳管阵列。将催化剂二茂铁定量溶解在环己烷中，通过载气夹带进入反应器中，采用化学气相沉积方法定向生长出炭纳米管阵列，此法有效地控制反应体系中的催化剂含量，使生产稳定性及重现性较好。并通过透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、拉曼光谱及X射线衍射对产品形态和结构进行分析和表征，所制备出的纳米碳管阵列形态比较规整，纯度较高，具有较好的石墨微晶结构；并对纳米碳管的生长机理进行了详细讨论。     

纳米碳纤维制备方法的研究进展

本文介绍了当前碳纳米纤维制备的研究状况，对各种制备方法的优缺点进行了评述，并讨论了影响气相生长的碳纳米纤维的各种因素。     

化学气相沉积法制备高质量石墨烯方法研究与展望

石墨烯自发现以来因其杰出的理化性能广受关注,制备石墨烯的方法层出不穷.目前,采用化学气相沉积(CVD)技术实现了规模化制备高质量石墨烯.但石墨烯在制备过程中依然遇到了一些的瓶颈,如石墨烯产品污染、破损、皱褶,尤其是在高温条件下制备石墨烯成本较高等.根据近年来石墨烯制备技术和方案进行分析,总结整理近年来关于CVD制备高质...     

化学气相沉积法碳纳米管的制备及性能研究

开发以煤气为碳源采用化学气相沉积法制备单壁碳纳米管，并对其作为超级电容器电极的电化学性能进行研究。通过电子扫描电镜、电子透射电镜、拉曼光谱以及X射线衍射等手段对产品的形态、结构及性质进行表征分析，并对单壁碳纳米管的生长机理进行讨论；分别通过循环伏安、恒压充放电实验对单壁碳纳米管电极进行电化学性能分析。     

铜基板法制备纳米碳纤维薄膜的研究

以乙炔(C2H2)作为碳源,采用化学气相沉积法(CVD)在经过草酸溶液腐蚀的铜基板表面制备出纳米碳纤维薄膜。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)对产物进行结构与形貌表征,并对碳纤维薄膜进行其在基板上的附着性测试。结果表明,草酸腐蚀时间、化学气相沉积反应时间的变化等因素对纳米碳纤维薄膜的生长与形貌有一定影响。在反应温度为350℃时,铜基板表面制备出了一层均匀的纳米碳纤维薄膜,纤维直径为300~400 nm,薄膜的厚度为20~30μm。制备的纳米碳纤维薄膜对基板有良好的附着性。     

化学气相沉积工艺制备绳状纳米碳管的研究

用硝酸铁作催化剂,乙炔作碳源气体,高纯氮气作稀释气体,在750℃下化学气相沉积生长了绳状纳米碳管,用高分辨扫描电镜观察了所得绳状纳米碳管的形貌.纳米碳管的直径为100～200nm,长度为10～20 μm.文中还提出了绳状纳米碳管的生长机理.     

催化化学气相沉积法合成单壁纳米碳管的研究进展

介绍了合成单壁纳米碳管的三种主要方法,总结了国内外催化化学气相沉积法合成单壁纳米碳管的研究现状,着重介绍了催化剂对合成单壁纳米碳管影响的研究情况,并分析了反应工艺条件对合成单壁纳米碳管的影响.     

螺旋纳米碳纤维及聚乙烯醇复合材料的制备与性能表征

以镍为催化剂,采用化学气相沉积法制备螺旋纳米碳纤维,并通过浓硝酸氧化法对螺旋纳米碳纤维进行处理,在加热条件下,制备了螺旋纳米碳纤维/聚乙烯醇复合材料. 实验考察了螺旋纳米碳纤维含量对复合材料力学性能的影响,当螺旋纳米碳纤维添加量为0.4%(w)时,复合材料的拉伸性能提高32%. 通过扫描电镜对复合材料的拉伸断口进行分析,螺旋纳米碳纤维均匀地分散在基体中,有效增强了复合材料的抗拉性能.     

Carbon Nanofibers: Catalytic Synthesis and Applications

Carbon nanofibers (diameter range, 3-100 nm; length range, 0.1-1000 µm) have been known for a long time as a nuisance that often emerges during catalytic conversion of carbon-containing gases. The recent outburst of interest in these graphitic materials originates from their potential for unique applications as well as their chemical similarity to fullerenes and carbon nanotubes. In this review, we focus on the growth of nanofibers using metallic particles as a catalyst to precipitate the graphitic carbon. First, we summarize some of the earlier literature that has contributed greatly to understand the nucleation and growth of carbon nanofibers and nanotubes. Thereafter, we describe in detail recent progress to control the fiber surface structure, texture, and growth into mechanically strong agglomerates. It is argued that carbon nanofibers are unique high-surface-area materials (~200 m²/g) that can expose exclusively either basal graphite planes or edge planes. Subsequently, we will present the recently explored applications of carbon nanofibers: polymer additives, gas storage materials, and catalyst supports. The latter application is described in detail. It is shown that the graphite surface structure and the lyophilicity play a crucial role during metal emplacement and catalytic use in liquid-phase catalysis. A case in point is fiber-supported Pd catalysts for nitrobenzene hydrogenation. Finally, we summarize issues with respect to the large-scale production of carbon nanofibers, including production cost estimates and research items to be dealt with in future work.     

结构化纳米碳纤维载体的制备与应用

研究了通过气相沉积法裂解甲烷在TiO2表面生长纳米碳纤维层,制备具有中孔孔径结构的结构化纳米碳纤维的方法。利用SEM-EDS和BET对该载体进行了表征。结果发现,该结构化纳米碳纤维载体的纳米碳纤维层厚度1.5～2.0μm,比表面积60.3 m2/g,其中外表面积为51.1 m2/g,只有很少的内表面积;平均孔径为5nm。在肉桂醛加氢反应中,该载体负载Pd催化剂能明显降低内扩散对反应选择性的影响,肉桂醛转化率低于56%时,氢化肉桂醛选择性达98%,明显高于常规活性炭负载型Pd催化剂。     

Template Synthesis of Carbon Nanofibers Containing Linear Mesocage Arrays

Carbon nanofibers containing linear mesocage arrays were prepared via evaporation induced self-assembly method within AAO template with an average channel diameter of about 25 nm. The TEM results show that the mesocages have an elongated shape in the transversal direction. The results of N₂ adsorption–desorption analysis indicate that the sample possesses a cage-like mesoporous structure and the average mesopore size of the sample is about 18 nm.     

Synthesis of Highly Loaded Highly Dispersed Nickel on Carbon Nanofibers by Homogeneous Deposition–Precipitation

Highly loaded (45 wt%) Ni on graphitic carbon nanofiber (diameter 50nm) catalysts were prepared by means of homogeneous deposition–precipitation (HDP) from an aqueous solution. The obtained Ni metal particles were small (9nm). This shows clearly that HDP can be used for the preparation of catalysts based on inert supports, like carbon nanofibers, which cannot form surface co-precipitates between the catalyst support and the metal precursor. The latter is known to be a crucial step in the preparation of metal-on-oxidic support catalysts. The oxygen-containing groups on the surface of the carbon nanofiber act as nucleation and anchoring sites in the deposition of highly dispersed Ni.     

聚噻吩纳米纤维的合成方法

导电聚噻吩纳米纤维由于其轻质柔软,合成简单,光电传导好等性质,广泛的应用于有机太阳能电池、有机发光二极管,气体检测传感器等光电领域,并且由于其比较高的长宽比,使得它非常适合作为有机一维电荷载体通道,因此,若应用于下一代可打印的光电子技术,其应用前景非常乐观。这篇文章概述了当前聚噻吩纳米纤维的制备及其相关的一些作用机理。     

一维多孔碳纳米纤维的可控制备及电化学性能研究

利用静电纺丝技术,将聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)与聚丙烯腈(PAN)纺丝原液混合,电纺得到高分子纤维膜,再结合高温碳化技术得到一维多孔PAN基碳纤维。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、差热热重(TG-DSC)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等对所制备电极材料的结构和形态进行了系统表征,同时将其组成三电极体系研究电化学性能。结果表明:当纺丝原液中nPAN∶nPS=60∶1时,其在电流密度为0.5 A/g下的比电容值为339.23 F/g;当纺丝原液中n PAN∶n PMMA=40∶1时,其在电流密度为0.5 A/g下的比电容值为314.54 F/g,比纯PAN基碳纤维的比电容值有所上升;同时,在循环充放电2000圈后,初始比电容的保持率分别达95.5%和94.6%,展示出了良好的电容性能和循环性能。     

金属催化剂对碳纳米纤维结构影响的研究进展

综述了不同种类的金属催化剂及同种催化剂不同状态对碳纳米纤维的结构和形貌的影响,并对今后自组装生产各种结构形态的碳纳米纤维进行了展望。     

A Study of Carbon Nanofibers and Active Carbon as Symmetric Supercapacitor in Aqueous Electrolyte: A Comparative Study

Symmetric supercapacitors are fabricated by carbon nanofibers (CNF) and activated carbon (AC) using similar proportions of 7 wt% polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer binder in an aqueous electrolyte. In this study, a comparison of porous texture and electrochemical performances between CNFs and AC based supercapacitors was carried out. Electrodes were assembled in the cell without a current collector. The prepared electrodes of CNFs and AC present Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of 83 and 1042 m²/g, respectively. The dominant pore structure for CNFs is mesoporous while for AC is micropore. The results showed that AC provided higher specific capacitance retention up to very fast scan rate of 500 mV/s. AC carbon had a specific capacitance of 334 F/g, and CNFs had 52 F/g at scan rate 5 mV/s in aqueous solution. Also, the results indicate the superior conductivity of CNFs in contrast to AC counterparts. The measured equivalent series resistance (ESR) showed a very small value for CNFs (0.28 Ω) in comparison to AC that has an ESR resistance of (3.72 Ω). Moreover, CNF delivered higher specific power (1860 W/kg) than that for AC (450 W/kg). On the other hand, AC gave higher specific energy (18.1 Wh/kg) than that for CNFs (2 Wh/kg).This indicates that the AC is good for energy applications. Whereas, CNF is good for power application. Indeed, the higher surface area will lead to higher specific capacitance and hence higher energy density for AC. For CNF, lower ESR is responsible for having higher power density.Both CNF and AC supercapacitor exhibit an excellent charge-discharge stability up to 2500 cycles.     

纳米纤维的研究进展

本文介绍了纳米纤维的定义、应用和发展现状及最新成果,讨论了纳米纤维的制备方法,包括传统纺丝方法：静电纺丝法、复合纺丝法和分子喷丝板法;纳米改性纤维的制备方法：聚合复合法,共混纺丝,后整理技术等。