Role of microorganisms in water purification of compounds of iron and manganese in a dense layer of sorbent–catalyst

The article contains assessment and contains experimental substantiation of the involvement of iron- and manganese-oxidizing microorganisms in the removal of manganese compounds from model solutions. Defined and identified are cultures of such microorganisms. The article has shown the efficiency of removing manganese compounds by the layer of a sorbent–catalyst under conditions of changing the temperature conditions for a long time.     

Numerical modelling of flow and transport in rough fractures

Simulation of flow and transport through rough walled rock fractures is investigated using the latticeBoltzmann method （LBM） and random walk （RW）, respectively. The numerical implementation isdeveloped and validated on general purpose graphic processing units （GPGPUs）. Both the LBM and RWmethod are well suited to parallel implementation on GPGPUs because they require only next-neighbourcommunication and thus can reduce expenses. The LBM model is an order of magnitude faster onGPGPUs than published results for LBM simulations run on modern CPUs. The fluid model is verified forparallel plate flow, backward facing step and single fracture flow; and the RWmodel is verified for pointsourcediffusion, Taylor-Aris dispersion and breakthrough behaviour in a single fracture. Both algorithmsplace limitations on the discrete displacement of fluid or particle transport per time step to minimise thenumerical error that must be considered during implementation.
2014 Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Production and hosting byElsevier B.V. All rights reserved.     

Spatial Distribution and Typology of High-Tech Parks in China

ＳｐａｔｉａｌＤｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎａｎｄＴｙｐｏｌｏｇｙｏｆＨｉｇｈ－ＴｅｃｈＰａｒｋｓｉｎＣｈｉｎａＧｕＣｈａｏｌｉｎ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＧｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙ，ＣｈｉｎａＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳｃｉｅｎｃｅ）ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｈｉｇｈ...     

Renovation and Dispersion of the Old City in Shanghai

The principle of urban renovation should be based on general planning,and the aim of it isto guide the implementation of general planning to achieve its goals.Since a city is a massive or-ganic compound system,renovation of its various ports inevitably influence,constrain,or pro-mote the general planning and lead to different results.Planners should make great efforts in guiding the renovation to a right way(a sound-circle instead of the foolish shift of the problemswhile dealing with the city's problems).Planning should not only study on the construction but al-so on the feasibility,and the relevant regulations and management measures leading to success ofimplementation.Only in this way can the planning be effective and become the guide for renova-tion of the city's old areas.Dealing with renovation of old urban buildings,this article makes aprobe into the possibility of solving housing problems by the means of private funding withsubsidization from the Government.Having achieved some experience on this,the author wouldlike to share and discuss with readers through this article.     

Strengths and Weaknesses of the Planning Profession in China

China, as a developing nation, has therare success of maintaining the balance be-tween its rural and urban population toabout 80% and 20%, although the urbanpopulation has actually increased 130%since 1949, which is greater than the increaseof the national population (Zou, 1986).With its modernization effort and theliberalization of the economy, there aregreat demands for additional and improvedproduction space and efficient productionconditions, as well as demands for a betterliving environment which includes housing     

Analysis of the Planning and Construction of Chuanfu Housing Estate in Tianjin

Chuanfu Estate is located in the Nankai district ofTianjin.It is one of three experimental housing estates desig-nated by the Ministry of Construction of the People's Re-public of China in 1986 for the northern part of thecountry.It is included in the National Seventh Five-YearPlan's leading research program.Chuanfu Estate was builtaccording to the ″integral-planning,rational-layout,com-     

The ‘distinctiveness of cities’ and distinctions in cities: boundaries of belonging in comparative perspective

It is in cities where people are most strongly confronted with diversity in an ‘age of migration’. However, comparisons of local integration contexts usually take ethnic boundaries as given or assume that they are constituted by the nation state. Our analysis of local discourses challenges this methodological nationalism. Departing from the ‘distinctiveness of cities’ approach, we scrutinise how Frankfurt, Dortmund, Birmingham and Glasgow differ in how diversity is discursively constructed. We maintain that the discourses not only reflect different frames in dealing with diversity but also serve as a proxy for debating the self-image of the city.     

A Study of Population Movement and Urbanization of China''''s Towns and Cities——an investigation on population movement in 74 towns and cities in China

It is laudable that, since the founding ofnew China, some academic and departmentsin practice have conducted surveys, studiesand theoretical investigations on populationmovement in China and its characteristics.However, the absence of complete data haveprevented them from indepth and compre-hensive research on the subject. With the     

Review and Exploration of the Development of Planning for the Conservation of the Famous Historical and Cultural Cities in China

To comprehend the development of the famous histori-cal and cultural cities in China and their conservation plan-ning, it is necessary to understand, first of all, the back-ground of their history and present condition. This back-ground has taken shape in the historic development of thecities and is influenced by many complicated factors of thepresent time. To discuss these factors in simple way, theycan be summarized as follows:The impact of the historical and cultural ideas;The impact of the physical and environmental condi-tion;The impact of the present socialand economicsituation.The impact of the historical and cultural ideasChina is a country with ancient civilization. TheChinese cultural has been shaped through development, in-heritance and harmony in a history of 5000 years on the ba-sis of the ancient Huaxia Culture with the Yellow River andthe Yangtse River as the main arteries.The rising of ancient cities in China can be traced backto over 3500 years ago. China is a multinational country. Int     

Figurations of spatiality and temporality in participatory design and after – networks,meshworks and patchworking

In recent years, many have combined actor–network theory (and after) and collective design. In this emerging field that we call participatory design and after, many have proposed and appropriated figurations such as networks, fluid, fire, thing and meshwork. In this paper, we argue that figurations do not only contribute to knowing the world, they also intervene in the becoming of worlds. This recognition of the performative character of figuration suggests that knowledge-making and world-making are inseparable, and makes it very important to be careful what figurations we imagine, articulate and use. In order to continue the work done in ANT and collective design that focuses on uncertainties, boundary-making, complexities and time, we propose the figuration of patchworking. What we particularly find generative with the figuration of patchworking is that it figures design as entanglements in multiple temporalities. Through the figuration of patchworking, we offer an approach that allows for understanding and working with multiple and overlapping collectives. This means to refigure how and where to draw the boundaries of co-designing in technological societies.     

Do high levels of diffuse and chronic metal pollution in sediments of Rhine and Meuse floodplains affect structure and functioning of terrestrial ecosystems?

This paper (re)considers the question if chronic and diffuse heavy metal pollution (cadmium, copper, lead and zinc) affects the structure and functioning of terrestrial ecosystems of Biesbosch National Park, the floodplain area of rivers Meuse and Rhine. To reach this aim, we integrated the results of three projects on: 1. the origin, transfer and effects of heavy metals in a soil-plant-snail food chain; 2. the impact of bioavailability on effects of heavy metals on the structure and functioning of detritivorous communities; 3. the risk assessment of heavy metals for an herbivorous and a carnivorous small mammal food chain. Metal pollution levels of the Biesbosch floodplain soils are high. The bioavailability of metals in the soils is low, causing low metal levels in plant leaves. Despite this, metal concentrations in soil dwelling detritivores and in land snails at polluted locations are elevated in comparison to animals from 'non-polluted' reference sites. However, no adverse effects on ecosystem structure (species richness, density, biomass) and functioning (litter decomposition, leaf consumption, reproduction) have been found. Sediment metal pollution may pose a risk to the carnivorous small mammal food chain, in which earthworms with elevated metal concentrations are eaten by the common shrew. Additional measurements near an active metal smelter, however, show reduced leaf consumption rates and reduced reproduction by terrestrial snails, reflecting elevated metal bioavailability at this site. Since future management may also comprise reintroduction of tidal action in the Biesbosch area, changes in metal bioavailability, and as a consequence future ecosystem effects, cannot be excluded.     

The Application and Development of Computer Technology in Urban Planning

ＴｈｅＡｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎａｎｄＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆＣｏｍｐｕｔｅｒＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙｉｎＵｒｂａｎＰｌａｎｎｉｎｇ￥ＣｈｅｎＹａｎｓｈｅｎ（ＣｈｉｎａＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＵｒｂａｎＰｌａｎｎｉｎｇａｎｄＤｅｓｉｇｎ）Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ：Ｔｈｉ...     

Formation,distribution and risk control of landslides in China

China is a country with a large population as well as frequent landslides. The formation and distribution of landslides in China are determined by its special topography, complex geological environment, active earthquake environment and unusual climate features. This paper analyzes the main features and distribution of 200 catastrophic landslides that occurred in China since 1900. The relationships among the distribution of landslides and topographic conditions, geological structure, climate features and st...     

Research and Discussion Held on the Relationship between Reconstruction of Dangerous and Dilapidated Buildings in Beijing and Preservation of the Style of the Ancient Capital

Form Sept.10 to Sept.12,1990,the of-fice of Beijing planning committee invitedover 50 people to hold discussion on the     

Evaluation of biocultural landscapes and associated ecosystem services in the region of Suğla Lake in Turkey

The purpose of this study was to evaluate biocultural landscapes and associated ecosystem services in the region of Su?la Lake located in Konya Province of Turkey. Method of the study includes four stages. In the first stage, the biodiversity function of landscapes was identified by overlapping the maps of flora and fauna and then it was evaluated by using a 1–5 score system. Second, the cultural diversity function of landscapes was evaluated by site survey and literature review. The obtained data were evaluated according to the 11 criteria by using a 1–4 score system. The analysed data were transferred on to the maps. Third, the biocultural landscapes were designated by overlapping the maps of the biodiversity and cultural diversity functions of landscapes. Finally, major ecosystem services provided by the biocultural landscapes were examined by assessing the collected data on the biodiversity and cultural diversity functions of landscapes and review of literature.     

The Investigation and Analysis of the Situation of the Outflowing Peasants in 24 Villages

Since 1980,sociologists and otherscentists have carried out a large amount ofresearch work on the issue of peasants whohave left their land.Most of them believethat the only way for China to realizemodernization is to allow its peasants to     

XENIOS—a methodology for assessing refurbishment scenarios and the potential of application of RES and RUE in hotels

Hotels rank in the highest levels of energy consumption in the tertiary building sector. Improved service quality mandates that hotel building, facilities and installations are maintained to the highest standards in order to remain competitive, thus renovations are becoming common. Renovation is usually financially attractive when compared to demolition and reconstruction. This offers great opportunities for promoting energy efficient measures, exploitation of renewable energy sources (RES) and rational use of energy (RUE) in the hotel sector. The XENIOS methodology and software permits the user to perform a preliminary hotel audit and make a first assessment of cost-effective energy efficient renovation practices, technologies and systems. This paper presents a brief overview of the methodology and the various features of the XENIOS software and focuses on the results from four audits and a pilot study carried out in Mediterranean hotels.     

An Analysis of the Realty Leasing Market in Qianmen and Zhongguancun Areas of Beijing

The urban realty market is very complicated with wide-ranging contents and manyproblems. in the past, we focused our research mainly on the land auction, land rental inbatches, public bidding and the development of mass plots of land in the coastal open cit-ies, while neglecting the research on the real estate leasing and structural readjustment ofurban land use and housing Therefore. we have selected two typical areas in Beijing foron-the -spot investigation. One is Qianmen ——the most prosperous area in Beijingwith all kinds of big, medium-sized and small enterprises of public, collective and privateownership, and with brisk commercial activities and busy real estate leasing business. Theother area is the Zhongguancun ——the key section of the experimental area in Beijing forthe development of new technology and industries. In the past few years there have set upnew and high-tech enterprise groups with multiple subjects, Various categories and acombination of technology, industry and trade, which represent the direction for the de-velopment of science, technology and new productivity. Along with the mass explosivedevelopment of a large number of companies, the structure of the land use in that area haschanged dramatically. the leasing and transaction of the real estate are very active the re,and the rents and prices of land and housing have come up to the highest in Beijing.