基于旋转偏振的氦激光泵浦磁力仪无盲区探测方法研究

针对氦激光泵浦磁力仪在磁场测量中存在工作盲区的难题,提出了一种基于旋转偏振的无盲区磁场探测方法。采用线偏振光激发氦原子的张量磁矩,根据检测光的归一化光谱求解直流、一倍频和二倍频信号的解析解。首先分析各检测信号的角相关特性,结合一倍频色散分量的过零点和二倍频吸收分量的幅度判据调整光偏振方向,使偏振方向始终与外磁场保持垂直,利用正交亥姆霍兹线圈产生旋转射频电磁场,并且始终与光偏振方向平行。最后利用二倍频色散分量的过零点锁定磁场模值。实验测试结果表明,所提方法能够实现无盲区磁场探测,磁场检测灵敏度为0.4 pT/√Hz@1 Hz。     

矢量原子磁力仪中旋转磁场产生装置的研制

阐述了利用抽运-检测型原子磁力仪研制的磁场旋转调制法矢量原子磁力仪的工作原理、系统组成以及对旋转磁场的技术要求,根据该矢量原子磁力仪对旋转磁场的技术要求,提出了一种高性能旋转磁场产生装置.该装置通过DDS相位同步技术实现了正弦信号间相位差的补偿和精密调控,相位调控精度的理论设计值为0.022°;建立相应的电路模型,通过...     

磁力仪温度误差的径向基神经网络补偿模型

磁通门磁力仪参数受温度影响明显,直接影响传感器测量精度,需要研究补偿方法,提高测量精度。采用无磁高低温试验箱测量磁通门传感器温度特性;提出基于径向基神经网络的温度误差补偿方法,分别建立磁通门磁力仪零漂误差补偿模型和刻度因子误差补偿模型。结果表明,径向基神经网络能良好逼近磁通门传感器参数的温度特性;与BP神经网络相比,径向基神经网络在零漂补偿中训练时间更短,精度更高,重复性更好,零漂误差的抑制能力更强。补偿后,磁通门磁力仪零漂误差从7.105 5 nT减少到0.766 1 nT;刻度因子误差从6.3E-3减少到7.2E-5;测量值温度误差由213.6 nT补偿到9.1 nT。提出建立通用的温度补偿模型,在不同磁场环境下经过反复测试,采用训练过的模型补偿后,温度误差均降低一个数量级,提高了磁通门磁力仪温度性能和精度。     

平行于电场的磁场对磁力电解复合抛光的影响

在传统的磁力电解复合抛光中,外加磁场的方向与电场方向垂直。通过给电解抛光外加一个平行于电场的磁场,对带电离子的运动状况进行分析,建立了带电离子运动的数学模型。并求出了带电粒子的速度方程和轨迹方程,分析了磁场在磁力电解复合抛光中的作用。由于所加磁场的作用,减小了电化学反应的浓差极化,加速了电化学反应速度和效率。通过实验,验证了该模型的合理性和对磁场功能分析的正确性。     

反平行铰链四杆机构的连杆曲线方程

本文对反平行铰链四杆机构的连杆曲线方程进行了分析研究，利用符号－数值技术推导出了其四阶方程的解析表达式。     

无自旋交换弛豫原子磁强计的主动磁补偿

由于外界磁场扰动会降低无自旋交换弛豫(SERF)原子磁强计的磁场测量灵敏度,本文根据SERF原子磁强计的测量原理,提出了一种基于原位磁测补偿外部磁场扰动的方法。该方法通过调制解调的方法对3个方向的磁场进行解耦,实现3个方向磁场信息的独立测量。然后,将3个方向磁场的测量信息作为反馈,调节电流源输出给线圈的电流,使线圈产生一个与外界扰动磁场大小相同方向相反的补偿磁场。最后,在现有的SERF原子磁强计实验平台上搭建了主动磁补偿系统,实现了对外部扰动磁场的补偿。与手动补偿方式相比,本文提出的主动磁补偿方法可将剩余磁场的平均值从0.317 8nT降低到0.040 4nT,同时将剩余磁场的均方差由0.348 1nT降低到0.024 7nT。得到的实验结果验证了本文所述方法的有效性。     

K原子磁力仪的发展

评述了近十几年来K原子磁力仪的研究进展,介绍了K原子磁力仪的工作原理、优缺点,以及相关的应用。提出了一种新型的脑磁图检测装置以及一种全新的基于K原子磁力仪的脑磁场检测方法。最后,在综述K原子磁力仪的基础上,对其应用前景进行了展望。     

氦光泵磁力仪信号的分析及检测

研究了氦光泵磁力仪中共振曲线、基频调制信号和二倍频信号的特征及关系,将二倍频信号应用到光泵磁力仪检测系统中,利用其幅值在共振区外为零、在共振点处达到峰值这一特性,解决了当外磁场变化超出共振区范围时,光泵磁力仪仅利用基频调制信号难以重新快速定位共振点的问题.系统实测信号幅值变化曲线与数学模型曲线相符合,实测共振曲线线宽约200 nT,在共振点处二倍频信号经放大其峰峰值可达12.6 V,满足实用要求,为光泵磁力仪性能的提升提供了有效方法.     

基于SQUID自举电路的新型高精度超导磁力仪

针对地球物理勘探中高精度的磁场测量需求以及应用特点,文中采用一种新型的超导量子干涉仪(SQUID)自举电路替代传统的SQUID磁通调制电路,从而可以简便的直读方式进行磁场测量。文中介绍了新型SQUID的程控直读电路,并重点阐述了由其构成的超导磁力仪软硬件设计方案以及测控实现;然后给出了此超导磁力仪在良好磁屏蔽环境中的性能测试以及电磁兼容评估的方法和结果,试验表明传感器的本底噪声约为6fT/(Hz)~(1/2);最后在上海横沙岛对基于SQUID自举电路研发的超导磁力仪整体性能进行了测试评估,试验表明该磁力仪达到实用要求。其在该地的测量磁场为7fT/(Hz)~(1/2)@1 kHz,与地球天然磁场在该频段的理论值基本相符。     

机械密封环端面变形对液膜特性的影响

根据机械密封受热和力作用变形后的端面轮廓,将其动环和静环端面组成的流道归结为平行、收敛、扩散和收敛-扩散等4种型式,并用端面的径向夹角θ来区分这4种模型。由简化的控制方程推导了4种模型中的液膜压力分布方程p,给出了泄漏率Q、液膜承载力F及摩擦扭矩M的计算方法,并通过数值解与解析解的对比,分析了GY70型机械密封端面液膜特性与θ和动环转速ω之间的关系。结果表明,解析解与数值解之间存在一定误差,但解析解仍能反应液膜的基本特性。平行流道内液膜压力沿径向线性分布,而非平行流道内压力沿径向非线性变化;流道的泄漏率随平均膜厚和液膜内外径处压差的增大而增大,平行流道的泄漏率最小;平行流道内的液膜承载能力介于收敛流道和扩散流道之间,扩散流道的液膜承载能力最差,收敛流道内液膜承载力最大。     

Explanation and correction of false step heights in amplitude modulation atomic force microscopy measurements on alkane films

We use a prototypical alkane film (n-C(32)H(66) or C32) adsorbed on a SiO(2) surface to compare step heights measured by amplitude modulation atomic force microscopy (AM-AFM) with those measured in the contact mode. The C32 film exhibits layers in which the molecules are oriented with their long axis parallel to the SiO(2) surface followed by partial layers of perpendicular molecules. We show that step heights measured in the AM and contact modes agree in all cases except where the step is between a surface formed by a layer of parallel molecules and one of perpendicular molecules. In this case, the AM mode gives a false step height that is as much as 20% lower than that measured in the contact mode and inferred from synchrotron X-ray specular reflectivity measurements. We propose that the weaker van der Waals forces between the AFM tip and a perpendicular layer compared to a parallel layer causes this discrepancy. We show how to correct the false step height by using the approximately linear relationship observed between phase angle (cantilever oscillation relative to the drive signal) and cantilever height measured in an approach curve.     

磁场加载方式对磁电器件磁电效应影响的研究

将磁致伸缩材料(Terfenol-D)和压电材料(PZT-8)复合,利用谐振原理构造了一种磁电器件.当激励磁场的频率等于或者接近于Terfenol-D的固有频率时,Terfenol-D将驱动PZT-8振动并发生共振,压电材料的输出电压将达到极大.在不同的偏置磁场和交变磁场的加载方式下,研究了谐振状态下的磁电层合器件在强、弱偏置磁场强度下的磁电特性,研究表明,当偏置磁场和交变磁场分别沿长度和宽度方向施加时,相比在弱磁场下,强磁场下磁电层合器件的磁电电压系数分别提高了43.3%和近2倍.     

Amplitude and frequency modulation torsional resonance mode atomic force microscopy of a mineral surface

Scanning probe imaging in a shear force mode allows for the characterization of in-plane surface properties. In a standard AFM, shear force imaging can be realized by the torsional resonance mode. In order to investigate the imaging conditions on mineral surfaces, a torsional resonance mode atomic force microscope was operated in amplitude (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) feedback. Freshly cleaved chlorite was investigated, which showed brucite-like and talc-like surface areas. In constant amplitude FM mode, a slight variation in energy dissipation was observed between both surfaces. Amplitude and frequency vs. distance curves revealed that the tip was in repulsive contact with the specimen during imaging.     

装配误差衰减双屏"十"字环FSS传输特性研究

用Galerkin矩量法计算电场积分方程的方法,数值计算、分析了装配误差引起双屏FSS频率响应衰减变化特性.由实际经验建立了双屏FSS(频率选择表面)装配误差物理和结构模型,并提出了具体数值分析计算方法.基于数值分析结果表明,装配误差为单元周期长度10%时,频率响应幅值衰减最大;当装配偏移方向与入射波极化方向一致时,产生相位插入延时并且相位与频率关系曲线发生变形;当装配偏移方向与入射波极化方向正交时,出现较大相位延迟.     

基于FPGA的数字AM调制的实现

近年来,数字AM调制技术应用越来越广泛,具体应用中多采用专用的调制芯片完成.文中介绍一种在FPGA中实现数字AM调制的方法,采用该方法设计的系统具有使用灵活、扩展性强、便于集成等优点.文中先讨论了采用Mat-lab的Simulink工具建立仿真模型进行仿真测试,然后用的FPGA芯片实现,并下载验证.经验证,系统可实现AM调幅功能.同时,该方法已应用于DDS设计中,各项性能指标均达到设计要求.     

Bell-Bloom型SERF原子磁力仪综述

弱磁检测技术可应用于地球物理探测、医学、军事等诸多领域。随着弱磁检测技术的不断提升,磁力仪的发展十分迅猛。近些年,无自旋交换弛豫原子磁力仪超越了超导量子干涉磁力仪成为目前世界上最灵敏的磁强计。首先介绍了无自旋交换弛豫原子磁力仪超高灵敏度的根本原因-无自旋交换弛豫现象,以及Bell-Bloom型无自旋交换弛豫原子磁力仪机理;接着给出了国内外最常用的Bell-Bloom型无自旋交换弛豫原子磁力仪的装置结构,并对其各组成部分加以详细描述分析;根据原子磁力仪的不同工作模式,归纳出3种系统设计方案并对其优缺点和适用场合进行对比;最后,对其灵敏度、响应带宽和实用集成化三方面进行论述,指出Bell-Bloom型无自旋交换弛豫原子磁力仪具有广泛应用前景。     

Theoretical comparison of illumination and collection mode images of magneto-optical dots

We compare theoretical images of the same sample obtained with two different scanning near-field optical microscopes. The sample is a two-dimensional periodic array of magnetic sub-micrometric dots. The magnetization is perpendicular to the sample plane (polar magnetization). The first configuration is a scanning tunnelling optical near-field microscope (STOM) where the tip is used in the detection mode and the sample is illuminated by total internal reflection. The second configuration is an inverted STOM: the tip is used in the emission mode and the diffracted field is far-field detected in one direction. We present the models used to describe the two configurations and then explain the main lines of the formalism used to calculate the diffracted fields by a magneto-optical sample.     

Theoretical comparison of illumination and collection mode images of magneto-optical dots

We compare theoretical images of the same sample obtained with two different scanning near-field optical microscopes. The sample is a two-dimensional periodic array of magnetic sub-micrometric dots. The magnetization is perpendicular to the sample plane (polar magnetization). The first configuration is a scanning tunnelling optical near-field microscope (STOM) where the tip is used in the detection mode and the sample is illuminated by total internal reflection. The second configuration is an inverted STOM: the tip is used in the emission mode and the diffracted field is far-field detected in one direction. We present the models used to describe the two configurations and then explain the main lines of the formalism used to calculate the diffracted fields by a magneto-optical sample.     

流劲式起重机伸缩臂架自振频率的计算

臂架是起重机金属结构的重要部件之一,其工作状态影响起重机的工作性能。通常臂架自振频率的计算多关注于工作平面,而对垂直于工作平面的臂架自振频率的计算则被忽视。文中根据流动式起重机臂架在垂直于工作平面的受力状态,建立了计算模型,并推出最低自振频率计算式。     

The polarized AB plot for the frequency‐domain analysis and representation of fluorophore rotation and resonance energy homotransfer

The graphical representation of single‐frequency phase‐modulation fluorescence lifetime imaging data, referred to as the AB plot, is extended to take into account measurements of the polarized components of the fluorescence. For a hindered rotator model (characterized with a single excited‐state lifetime, a single rotational correlation time and limiting initial and final anisotropies) the rotational correlation time and the excited lifetime can be determined from the AB plot of any two of the following emission components: parallel, perpendicular, total emission or combinations thereof. A strategy for resolving the component hindered rotations and lifetimes for mixtures of two hindered rotators from measurements of the total, parallel and perpendicular components of the emission is developed. The analysis does not require prior knowledge of the initial limiting anisotropy or of the steady‐state anisotropy or of the excited state lifetime. Plots in polarized AB space derived for heterogeneous systems are constructed to aid interpretation of frequency‐domain dynamic depolarization imaging microscopy experiments. These plots can be used to distinguish spatially dependent rotational correlation time heterogeneity from heterogeneity in limiting anisotropies. The effects of noise and aperture depolarization are discussed. It is anticipated that the polarized AB plot will provide a useful adjunct to existing methods for visualizing and analysing dynamic polarization phenomena arising from molecular dynamics and homo‐energy transfer in single‐frequency microscopy applications.