Evaluation of sliding wear behavior of graphite particle-containing magnesium alloy composites

1 Introduction More and more magnesium alloy products have been used in automobile and aerospace industries due to their low density, high specific strength and specific stiffness, good damping characteristic, excellent machineability and castability, etc…     

铁基粉末冶金材料渗硼强化的干滑动高温摩擦磨损行为

通过固体粉末渗硼法直接烧结铁基粉末冶金材料,制备具有渗硼层的试样。将铁基粉末冶金材料在850、950和1050 ℃渗硼处理3、5和10 h,采用光学显微镜及扫描电镜观察了渗硼层的形貌,测定了渗硼层的厚度;用 X 射线衍射仪分析了渗硼层的物相组成;用Rockwell-C粘附性试验评估渗硼层与基体的粘合强度质量。使用 HT-1000 型高温摩擦磨损试验机测试了试样的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明,在850 ℃及950 ℃下渗硼形成单相Fe₂B,而FeB+Fe₂B双相渗硼层在1050 ℃下生成。粘附性试验与高温磨损试验均表明,在950 ℃下渗硼5 h的试样的渗层与基体结合最为紧密,抗磨损及抗氧化的能力最强。高温摩擦磨损试验中,微裂纹引起的分层剥落及氧化磨损是渗硼试样主要的磨损机制,未渗硼试样出现严重的的氧化和塑性变形。     

退火对表面机械研磨处理工业纯锆显微组织和残余应力的影响

对经表面机械研磨处理(SMAT)的工业纯锆进行不同温度的退火处理,采用偏光光学显微镜(PM)和透射电镜(TEM)对其表层显微组织进行表征,利用X射线应力仪、显微硬度计分别测试距试样表面不同深度的宏观残余应力场及硬度。利用Voigt函数拟合X射线衍射峰,分析不同退火温度下微观应变和位错密度的变化规律。结果表明：对于经退火的SMAT试样,随着退火温度的增加,试样表面残余压应力逐渐减小,且残余应力场深度、最大残余应力及其对应的深度均大幅度降低;不同退火温度下,微观应变及位错密度均随距表层深度的增加逐渐减小。     

Ti-6Al-4V热浸镀铝涂层干滑动磨损行为的实验研究

Ti-6Al-4V合金经热浸铝并在650℃下进行高温扩散退火处理,获得TiAl3涂层。采用销-盘式磨损试验机研究铝化后的Ti-6Al-4V合金与GCr15钢对磨的干滑动磨损行为。通过SEM、XRD、EDS和XPS等微观分析手段测试热浸镀铝涂层磨面的形貌、物相和成分,并且探讨其磨损机制。研究结果表明：随着滑动速度的增加,当滑动速度为0.75m/s时,铝化后的Ti-6Al-4V合金的磨损量先减小到最小值,然后在2.68m/s时增加到最高值,最后在4m/s时降至最低值。在不同的滑动速度下,磨损量随着载荷的增加而增加。研究发现,摩擦层结构对磨损的行为和机制有显著的影响。在4m/s时,含氧的摩擦层(TiO和TiO2)具有明显的减磨性能;相反地,在2.68m/s时,没有氧化物的摩擦层并未显示出对磨损具有保护作用。与未经热浸镀处理的Ti-6Al-4V合金相比,在不同工况下,铝化后的涂层提高了钛合金的耐磨性,尤其速度为4m/s。耐磨性得到提高是由Ti-Al涂层和摩擦氧化物层所引起的。     

Effect of solidification process parameters on dry sliding wear behavior of AlNiBi alloy

As-cast samples of the Al–3wt.%Ni–1wt.%Bi alloy resulting from the horizontal directional solidification process were subjected to the micro-abrasive wear test. The effects of the solidification thermal and microstructural parameters, such as the growth and cooling rates and the cellular and primary dendritic spacings (V_L and T_R; λ₁ and λ_c; respectively), were evaluated in the wear resistance of the investigated alloy. The tribological parameters analyzed were the wear volume and rate (V_w and R_w). The solidification experiments and the wear tests were carried out by means of a water-cooled horizontal directional solidification device and a rotary-fixed ball wear machine, respectively. The results show lower V_w and R_w values correspond to finer microstructures and the V_w dependence on λ₁ is characterized by an experimental mathematical equation. A better distribution of Bi soft droplets and Al₃Ni hard intermetallic particles is observed within the finer interdendritic region and, in consequence, the better wear resistance is achieved in as-cast samples with dendritic morphology rather than cellular morphology. A transition of wear mechanism from adhesive to abrasive is observed.     

Dry sliding wear behavior of ceramic-metal composite coatings prepared by plasma spraying of self-reacting powders

Ceramic-metal composite (CMC) coatings were deposited on the surface of Fe-0.14–0.22 wt.% C steel by plasma spraying of self-reacting Fe₂O₃−Al composite powders. The dry sliding friction and wear character of the CMC coatings are investigated in this paper. The wear resistance of the CMC coatings was significantly better than that of Al₂O₃ coatings under the same sliding wear conditions. The tough metal, which is dispersed in the ceramic matrix, obviously improved the toughness of the CMC coatings. Wear mechanisms of the CMC coatings were identified as a combination of abrasive and adhesive wear.     

Characterization of Al-12Si alloy and its composites in dry sliding friction and wear at elevated temperature

1　INTRODUCTIONDiscontinuousreinforcementsreinforcedalu minumalloycomposites(DRACs)havesuperiorwearproperty ,especiallyhighseizureresistanceatelevatedtemperaturecomparedwithcommonaluminumal loys ,whichhavebeenreceivedconsiderableattentionin pasttwodecades[13] .TherearereportsaboutDRACsusedinpistonorblockin Ref.[4 ].Toim provethefrictionandwearpropertiesofaluminiumalloysfurther ,thehybridcompositesrepresentedthemergingoftwophilosophiesintribologicalalloyde sign—hard reinforcementsreinf…     

搅拌速度对搅拌摩擦工艺制备的Cu/B4C表面复合材料显微组织和滑动磨损行为的影响（英文）

采用搅拌摩擦工艺合成Cu/B4C表面复合材料,并分析搅拌速度对该复合材料显微组织和滑动磨损行为的影响。搅拌速度以200 r/min从800变化至1200 r/min,横向速度、轴向力、沟槽宽度及搅拌头外形保持不变。采用光学和扫描电子显微镜对所制备表面复合材料的显微组织进行观察。采用销盘滑动磨损试验装置研究该表面复合材料的滑动磨损性能。结果表明:搅拌速度对表面材料的面积和B4C颗粒的分布具有显著影响。在较高的搅拌速度下此复合材料中B4C颗粒分布均匀;而在低搅拌速度下B4C颗粒分布均匀性较差。此外,本文报道搅拌速度对复合材料的颗粒尺寸、硬度、磨损率、磨损表面和磨屑的影响。     

The effectiveness of oxides in reducing sliding wear of alloys

During like-on-like reciprocating sliding in air (amplitude 2.5 mm, load 1.5 kg, speed 500 double traversais per minute), the formation of oxides can have considerable influence on the friction and wear characteristics of high-temperature alloys, such as Jethete M152 and Rex 535. In particular, above a certain transition temperature, between 200 and 300°C for these alloys under these conditions, an adherent, smooth wear-protective oxide layer is developed on the load-bearing surfaces. At lower temperatures, oxide debris reduces the extent of metal-metal contact, thereby reducing the friction and wear rate, but does not eliminate it completely. The oxide debris is produced by two processes; one involves transient oxidation of the metal surfaces, removal of such oxide during each transversal, and reoxidation of the exposed metal; the other involves the formation, fracture, comminution, and oxidation of metal debris particles. At temperatures above the transition temperature, the oxide debris is compacted and comminuted between the sliding surfaces to develop the wear-protective oxide layer. This paper considers the reasons for the effectiveness of such oxides in terms of the influence of the hydrostatic pressures generated on plastic deformation of the very fine oxide particles or asperities in the surface. The resulting friction during sliding is less than during metal-metal contact because only limited asperity junction growth occurs before the asperities become sufficiently large and the hydrostatic pressures sufficiently reduced to allow fracture within the oxide-oxide junctions. The oxide-wear debris produced is recompacted into the surface, resulting in only very low wear rates. It has been shown that the number of asperity-asperity contacts during sliding of wear-protective oxide layers is relatively high, typically 5×10³/mm² of apparent contact area, while the mean surface flash temperature rise is low, typically 2°C. Consideration is given to some of the conditions that favor development of wear-protective oxide layers.     

The effect of purity on high-temperature oxidation of zirconium

The oxidation kinetics of zirconium of different purities were studied over the temperature range of 600–1300°C (- and -phases). The structure of the oxidized specimens was examined. TGA, XRD, EPMA, SEM, metallographic analysis, and microhardness measurements were carried out. Impurity elements were found to increase the oxidation rate of technical zirconium. The mechanism of the effect of impurity elements on zirconium oxidation was shown to differ for the - and -phases. Activation energies were calculated for the parabolic and linear stages of oxidation.     

循环热冲压过程中高热导率模具钢的摩擦磨损行为

研究了高热导率模具钢SDCM和H13钢的高温摩擦磨损性能,揭示了其潜在的磨损机理,并构建了Archard磨损模型,采用有限元方法研究了汽车A柱循环热冲压过程中模具的温度演变规律和磨损行为.结果 表明,在200～ 300℃的服役条件下,SDCM高热导率模具钢主要发生粘着和氧化磨损,相比于H13钢,其具有较低的摩擦系数和磨...     

Fraction and wear performances of 7475 aluminium alloy after anodic oxidation

The layer of oxide film was prepared on the surface of 7475 aluminum alloy by anodic oxidation, and the friction and wear performance under different loads were investigated with the friction and wear test. The atomic binding energy spectrum, wear morphologies, surface hardness and residual stress were analyzed with XPS, SEM, hard meter and XRD stress tester, respectively. The results show that the oxide film on the surface is relatively dense after anodic oxidation, existing in the form of Al2O3, and the form of the diffusion type in the interface is contained. The average friction coefficient is decreased after anodic oxidation, indicating the friction performance improving. The wear mechanism of primitive sample is adhesive wear and tear, accompanying with abrasive wear, and the wear mechanism of the sample after the anodic oxidation is abrasive wear, where high surface hardness is the main factor of the wear resistance.     

干摩擦条件下钻头胎体与花岗石摩擦特性的试验研究

为了了解热压钻头胎体与花岗石在干摩擦条件下的摩擦特性,分别选取了3组不同硬度的热压钻头胎体试样和3组不同金刚石浓度的孕镶金刚石胎块试样,与同一种花岗石进行了一对一的摩擦磨损试验,得出了不同条件下的摩擦系数与摩擦力矩。分析探讨了胎体试样硬度及金刚石浓度对摩擦系数的影响规律。结果表明:不含金刚石的胎体试样与花岗石之间的干摩擦,随着胎体硬度的增大,摩擦力矩与摩擦系数先增大后减小;添加金刚石的胎体试样较之于纯胎体试样,摩擦力矩与摩擦系数显著减小;含金刚石的胎体,随着金刚石浓度的增大,摩擦力矩与摩擦系数逐渐增大。     

钛合金Ti6Al4V表面渗钼层的摩擦磨损性能

利用双层辉光离子渗金属技术在钛合金Ti6Al4V表面进行合金化，形成均匀、致密、厚度为9．4μm的钛钼合金渗层。表面硬度提高3倍左右，达到1050Hκ。采用球盘磨损试验机考察了钛合金Ti6Al4V表面渗钼层和Ti6Al4V钛合金的摩擦性能，得出该合金表面渗Mo后虽然摩擦因数略微增大，但耐磨性提高100余倍；通过对磨损形貌的分析可知，表面渗Mo合金层磨损机制主要表现为粘着及少量微切削。     

内生枝晶增韧非晶基复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

采用电弧熔炼、铜模吸铸法分别制备Ti42Zr22V14Cu5Be17、Ti46Zr20V12Cu5Be17、Ti48Zr18V12Cu5Be17的Ti基内生枝晶增韧非晶基复合材料,利用球-盘式摩擦磨损试验机进行干摩擦磨损试验,研究了枝晶的体积分数对其耐磨性的影响,利用X射线衍射仪分析了样品的结构,利用扫描电子显微镜观察合金的显微组织和磨损表面形貌,分析了不同成分Ti基内生枝晶增韧非晶基复合材料的磨损机理。结果表明：在相同的试验条件下,不同体积分数晶体相的非晶复合材料的磨损机理不同。枝晶相体积分数较低时,磨损机理主要体现为轻微的磨粒磨损,随枝晶相体积分数的增加,粘着磨损成为主要的磨损机理,同时伴随有硬质颗粒压入软化相构成三体摩擦。材料耐磨性随着晶体相体积分数的增加而逐渐降低。     

应用模压铸造法制造的Al2O3f/SiCp混杂增强铝基复合材料的摩擦磨损行为（英文）

研究了通过模压铸造方法制造的氧化铝纤维与碳化硅颗粒混合增强铝基复合材料的干摩擦磨损性能。分别在室温、110℃,以及150℃条件下,进行了恒速0.36m/s(570r/min)的销盘式摩擦磨损实验。采用扫描电子显微镜观察干磨损表面特征,采用Arrhenius作图法研究相对磨损率,以便于进一步研究磨损机制。此外,讨论了纤维的方向性和纤维与颗粒的混合比作用。     

Investigation of wear behavior of titanium oxide films, produced by anodic oxidation, on commercially pure titanium in vacuum conditions

The wear performances of titanium oxide films, produced by anodic oxidation, in vacuum conditions were investigated. Anodic oxidation treatments were carried out at − 3 and 40 °C temperatures using H₂SO₄(1.5 M)-H₃PO₄(0.3 M) solution and voltage of 200 V. Wear tests were performed at ambient air, pressures of 10^− 3 mbar and 10^− 6 mbar. Anodizing process produced a porous oxide layer on the surface. Although the pore size decreased with increasing process temperature, surface roughness decreased. Hardness results showed that anodic oxidation at lower temperatures produced oxide film with higher hardness. Wear rate of CP-Ti significantly decreased with anodic oxidation treatment in all wear conditions since oxide film acted like a solid lubricant. The best wear resistance was obtained from the hard-anodized samples both in ambient air and vacuum conditions.     

Influence of some test parameters on dry sliding wear characteristics of a zinc-11.5% aluminum alloy

This study analyzes observations made pertaining to the sliding wear response of a Zn-11.5% Al alloy in different test conditions. The wear rate and frictional heating increased with sliding speed and pressure. Seizure pressure of the samples reduced with the test speed. Frictional heating, the severity of surface and subsurface damage, and debris size increased with speed and pressure. Sticking of debris particles on the specimen surface was noted at low sliding speed. Specimen seizure was caused by the application of high pressure in view of excessive adherence of the specimen material on to the disk surface. Considerable wear-induced subsurface deformation took place in general; the degree of deformation decreased as the depth below the wear surface increased. Wear behavior of the samples is discussed in terms of the lubricating nature and thermal stability of its various microconstituents and specific characteristics of wear surfaces, subsurface regions, and debris particles.     

超音速火焰喷涂与激光重熔Al0.2CrFeNi(Co,Cu)合金的干滑动磨损及氧化性能对比研究

用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)法在316L不锈钢基体上沉积Al0.2CrFeNiCo和Al0.2CrFeNiCu两种高熵合金涂层,然后对涂层进行激光重熔(LR)以改善其显微组织.研究LR工艺对涂层干滑动磨损和氧化行为的影响.结果表明,将粉末与单体元素混合导致HVOF涂层中形成内氧化物.LR消除了氧化物和气孔.LR后,两种...