粉煤灰中铝硅高效分离的动态扩大试验

为缓解我国氧化铝工业存在的铝土矿需求量大与国内铝土矿供应严重不足间的矛盾和粉煤灰大量堆积造成的环境问题,基于粉煤灰还原?氧化焙烧?碱浸实现铝硅分离的全新工艺路线,在已有静态小实验基础上,开展了实验室回转窑动态扩大试验研究.结果表明:在1100℃、配料比n(Fe):n(Al):n(C)=1.2:2:1.2、进料量75 g...     

Efficient separation of alumina and silica in reduction-roasted kaolin by alkali leaching

Alkali leaching was employed to investigate the separation of alumina and silica in roasted kaolin obtained by roasting kaolin alone in air at 1273 K for 60 min and in clinker prepared by roasting the mixed raw meal of kaolin, ferric oxide and coal powder with Fe₂O₃/Al₂O₃/C molar ratio of 1.2:2.0:1.2 in reducing atmosphere at 1373 K for 60 min. The thermodynamic analyses and alkali leaching results show that the composition of the Al?Si spinel in roasted kaolin is close to that of 3Al₂O₃·2SiO₂ and the spinel is dissolved with increasing leaching time, resulting in difficulty in deeply separating alumina and silica in kaolin by the traditional roasting?leaching process. On the contrary, the efficient separation of alumina and silica in kaolin can be reached by fully converting kaolinite into insoluble hercynite and soluble free silica, namely quartz solid solution and cristobalite solid solution, during reduction roasting, followed by alkali leaching of the obtained clinker. Furthermore, experimental results from treating high-silica diasporic bauxite indicate that the reduction roasting?alkali leaching process is potential to separate silica and alumina in aluminosilicates.     

Reaction mechanisms of low-grade molybdenum concentrate during calcification roasting process

The effects of Ca-based additives on roasting properties of low-grade molybdenum concentrate were studied. The results show that calcium-based additives can react with molybdenum concentrate to form CaSO₄ and CaMoO₄. The initial oxidation temperature of MoS₂ is 450 °C, while the formation of CaMoO₄ and CaSO₄ occurs above 500 °C. The whole calcification reactions are nearly completed between 600 and 650 °C. However, raising the temperature further helps for the formation of CaMoO₄ but is disadvantageous to sulfur fixing rate and molybdenum retention rate. Calcification efficiency of Ca-based additives follows the order: Ca(OH)₂>CaO>CaCO₃. With increasing the dosage of Ca(OH)₂, the molybdenum retention rate and sulfur-fixing rate rise, but excessive dosages would consume more acid during leaching process. The appropriate mass ratio of Ca(OH)₂ to molybdenum concentrate is 1:1. When roasted at 650 °C for 90 min, the molybdenum retention rate and the sulfur-fixing rate of low-grade molybdenum concentrate reach 100% and 92.92%, respectively, and the dissolution rate of molybdenum achieves 99.12% with calcines being leached by sulphuric acid.     

含硼铁精矿还原过程中硼矿物的热力学行为

依据广泛应用的同族化合物线性递变规律,通过拟合钙、镁化合物生成反应标准吉布斯自由能之间的线性关系,由不同温度条件下Ca3(BO3)2和Ca2B2O5生成反应的标准吉布斯自由能求得相应温度条件下Mg3(BO3)2和Mg2B2O5生成反应的标准吉布斯自由能,进而基于化学反应的标准吉布斯自由能与温度之间的近似线性关系,推导Mg3(BO3)2和Mg2B2O5生成反应标准吉布斯自由能,并通过试验进行了验证与探讨。热力学计算及XRD物相分析结果表明:在还原焙烧过程中,含硼铁精矿中的硼镁石(Mg2[B2O4(OH)](OH))分解为遂安石(Mg2B2O5),遂安石进一步与蛇纹石的分解产物镁橄榄石或顽火辉石反应最终转变成小藤石(Mg3(BO3)2)。     

钠化还原法处理高铝褐铁矿新工艺

开发一种处理高铝褐铁矿的新工艺。采用钠化还原-磁选法对一种铁品位为48.92%(质量分数)、Al2O3含量为8.16%(质量分数)的高铝褐铁矿进行铝铁分离研究。结果表明:当硫酸钠添加量为12%(质量分数),还原焙烧温度为1050℃,焙烧时间为60min时,焙烧产物磨至粒度小于0.074mm的占98%;在磁场强度为0.675T的条件下,可获得铁品位91.00%,Al2O3含量1.36%的金属铁粉,铁的回收率为91.58%,铝的脱除率为90.47%。XRD研究结果表明,在钠盐焙烧过程中,铁氧化物被还原成金属铁,大部分铝、硅矿物与硫酸钠反应生成非磁性物质铝硅酸钠,经磁选后进入非磁性物,从而实现铝铁的高效分离。     

Reaction behavior of associated rare earth minerals during coal-based reduction

In order to ascertain the reaction behavior of rare earth minerals in coal-based reduction, X-ray diffraction（XRD）, scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, and energy dispersive spectroscopy（EDS） analyses were applied to investigate the rare earth minerals in Bayan Obo.The occurrence state and regularity of rare earth elements were analyzed under different reduction time. The results reveal that rare earth elements in rare earth minerals exist in RE（CO3）F（bastnaesite） and REPO4（monazite）. In this research, at 1,498 K with a C/O molar ratio（i.e., molar ratio of fixed carbon in the coal to reducible oxygen in the ore） of2.5, rare earth minerals primarily decompose into RE2O3at5 min. When the time is extended to 10 min, solid-phase reactions occur among RE2O3, CaO, and SiO2, and the resultant is cerium wollastonite（CaO·2RE2O3·3SiO2）. At reaction time 〉20 min, rare earth elements mainly exist in cerium wollastonite（CaO·2RE2O3·3SiO2）, and the grain size varies in the range of 10–30 μm. The results show that coal-based reduction is efficient to recover rare earth minerals in reduced materials.     

浓硫酸焙烧高钛渣的反应动力学（英文）

提出一种新方法,利用浓硫酸焙烧高钛渣提取二氧化钛,并在焙烧工艺的基础上研究焙烧反应动力学。考察焙烧温度、粒度以及酸矿比对反应速率的影响。结果表明,焙烧反应符合未反应核收缩模型。动力学实验数据、SEM和EDAX结果分析表明,用浓硫酸焙烧高钛矿渣的反应受通过固体产物层的内扩散控制。Arrhenius方程得到焙烧反应的表观活化能为18.94 kJ/mol。     

锌浸渣还原焙烧-磁选回收铁

在查明锌浸渣工艺矿物学的基础上,采用还原焙烧将铁酸锌分解为氧化锌和磁性氧化铁,再通过磁选的方法回收铁,达到锌、铁分离的目的。实验考查了焙烧温度、焙烧时间、还原剂用量对铁酸锌分解率、铁回收率和铁品位的影响。结果表明:在焙烧温度为950℃、焙烧时间为1 h及还原剂添加量为10%和5%的条件下,铁酸锌分解率达到72.05%,铁回收率可达到91.79%,精矿中铁的品位为50%左右。焙烧及磁选过程中颗粒的团聚包裹是铁精矿品位不高的主要原因。     

高磷鲕状赤铁矿添加脱磷剂还原焙烧脱磷机理(英文)

高磷鲕状赤铁矿是一种典型的难处理铁矿石,采用常规的选矿方法难以得到较好的提铁降磷指标。采用添加脱磷剂还原焙烧,然后对焙烧产物进行两段磨矿磁选来处理此类矿石,获得了较好的选别指标。实验结果表明,铁的品位从43.65%(原矿)提高到90.23%(磁选精矿),磷含量从0.82%(原矿)降低到0.06%(磁选精矿),铁的回收率达到87%。采用XRD、SEM、EPMA等分析方法对焙烧产物进行脱磷机理研究。结果表明,在还原焙烧过程中,原矿中有20%的磷灰石生成单质磷随气体挥发,80%的磷灰石没有参与生成单质磷的反应,仍以磷灰石的物相存在于焙烧产物中,而通过磨矿磁选被脱除到尾矿中。磁选精矿中少量的磷以磷灰石的形态存在。在焙烧过程中,加入的脱磷剂与原矿中的脉石矿物(SiO2、Al2O3)反应生成铝硅酸钠,此反应部分破坏原矿的鲕状结构,充分改善焙烧产物中矿物的单体解离程度,有利于后续的磨矿磁选。     

熟料烧结过程中氧化铁反应行为的热力学分析

通过对Fe2O3与碳酸钠、氧化钙以及硅酸钙反应的热力学分析,明确Fe2O3在铝土矿炉料烧结过程中的热力学反应规律。热力学计算、分析结果表明:Fe2O3在正常烧结温度范围内能与Na2CO3或CaO发生反应,但更易与CaO反应形成2CaO.Fe2O3或CaO.Fe2O3,Fe2O3和Na2O.Fe2O3能使2CaO.SiO2和3CaO.2SiO2转变为CaO.SiO2,CaO.SiO2进一步与Na2O.Al2O3或Na2O.Fe2O3反应生成不溶的三元化合物而造成烧结法生产氧化铝过程中Na2O和Al2O3的损失。4CaO.Al2O3.Fe2O3不能由铁酸钙和铝酸钠相互反应产生,而可能是CaO、Al2O3和Fe2O3三者直接反应的产物,且在烧结条件下Na2O.Fe2O3可分解4CaO.Al2O3.Fe2O3。     

高硫铝土矿氧化钙焙烧脱硫研究

针对一水硬铝石高硫型铝土矿,以河南矿石为原料,在马弗炉进行焙烧除硫的研究,重点研究了氧化钙在焙烧过程中的作用,并通过对焙烧矿进行X射线衍射来进行理论上的探讨,在此基础上,在熔盐炉中对焙烧矿和原矿进行高压溶出试验,研究溶出液中S2-含量的变化以及焙烧过程对溶出性能的影响。研究结果表明:矿石经焙烧后,硫化物型硫含量降低,加CaO焙烧效果更好;同时CaO起到固硫的作用而降低焙烧过程散于空气中的SO2的含量,原矿在600℃,45min条件下焙烧时,硫化物型硫含量S1%为0.10%,散于空气中的硫含量S3%为0.51%,而加了1%的CaO后,则S1%下降为0.07%,S3%下降为0.31%;焙烧过程中黄铁矿发生反应生成了赤铁矿Fe2O3。原矿经焙烧后进行溶出能显著降低溶出液中S2-的含量,改善矿石的溶出性能。最佳的焙烧温度为600℃,用1%CaO焙烧矿进行溶出,此时相对溶出率为95.35%,二价硫离子含量为0.16 g/L。     

镀锌基板氧化铁皮在还原过程中的组织演变

氢气还原氧化铁皮无酸洗热镀锌技术具有清洁、环保、低成本的优点。为了促进该技术的推广应用,采取5％压下率冷轧作为预处理工艺,并利用真空管式炉和扫描电镜,研究了不同还原温度对经预处理和未预处理镀锌基板SPHC带钢氧化铁皮还原产物、还原效率和还原机制的影响规律。结果表明:SPHC带钢在30%H₂浓度下,不同温度下还原机制有较大差异,最终产生3种不同的还原产物,500~600 ℃时还原产物为多孔铁,经过预处理的试样多孔铁更致密;700 ℃时还原产物由多孔铁与致密铁共同组成,经过预处理的试样氧化铁皮残留量小于未预处理的试样;800 ℃时还原产物为致密铁,未预处理的试样氧化铁皮中间层依旧存在氧化物残留,经预处理的试样几乎看不见氧化物残留;900 ℃时还原产物为致密铁,预处理和未预处理试样还原效果几乎相同。     

辉钼矿氧化焙烧自烧结的特点与机制

以纯试剂为原料进行焙烧试验,采用热力学计算、XRD、SEM-EDS、高温原位分析等手段,研究辉钼矿(MoS2)氧化过程的自烧结行为.结果表明,当焙烧温度由600℃提高至700℃时,辉钼矿团块中物料烧结的面积随之增大,导致脱硫效率降低.烧结层在氧化焙烧的初期快速形成,且常覆盖在团块迎风侧表面.在物料烧结的同时,MoO2和...     

Recovery of alumina and ferric oxide from Bayer red mud rich in iron by reduction sintering

A great amount of red mud generated from alumina production by Bayer process not only threatens the environment but also causes waste of secondary resources. High-iron-content red mud from Bayer process was employed to recover alumina and ferric oxide by the process of reduction-sintering, leaching and then magnetic beneficiation. Results of thermodynamic analyses show that ferric oxide should be reduced to Fe if reduction of ferric oxide and formation of sodium aluminate and calcium silicate happen simultaneously. Experimental results indicate that alumina recovery of Bayer red mud can reach 89.71%, and Fe recovery rate and the grade of magnetite concentrate are 60.67% and 61.78%, respectively, under the optimized sintering conditions.     

氧化钙或氢氧化钙与浓碱铝酸钠溶液的反应特性

研究了氧化钙、氢氧化钙与浓碱铝酸钠溶液的反应特性,在相同条件下,氧化钙的反应活性高于氢氧化钙,这归结于氧化钙在水化放出大量热量的同时,固相颗凿细化,比表面积增大。较多量的氧化钙加入反应体系后,体系主要因固相颗粒团聚容易发生膨胀。玎的扫描电镜分析表明：加入表面活性剂后,表面活必有因吸附“挤占”了新生因相表面吸附的小分子,破坏或削弱了体系的团聚,从而消除和体系的膨胀;同时,表面活性剂的会降低了固液界面     

高硅硫化锌精矿氧化焙烧中硅酸锌生成反应的动力学

研究了高硅硫化锌精矿氧化焙烧过程中硅酸锌生成反应的动力学。确定了温度、粒度对硅酸锌反应速率的影响,结果指出：硅酸锌生成反应的动力学符合收缩核西式,其过程为固膜扩散控制。测定了各反应条件下的反应速率常数并测得其活化能为406KJ/mol。提出了硅酸锌生成反应的总动力学方程。限制硅酸锌反应速率的有效方法是适当提高精矿粒度和降低焙烧温度至860℃左右。     

Reaction mechanism of roasting Zn2SiO4 using NaOH

The reaction kinetics of roasting zinc silicate using NaOH was investigated. The orthogonal test was employed to optimize the reaction conditions and the optimized reaction conditions were as follows: molar ratio of NaOH to Zn₂SiO₄ of 16:1, reaction temperature of 550 °C, and reaction time of 2.5 h. In order to ascertain the phases transformation and reaction processes of zinc oxide and silica, the XRD phase analysis was used to analyze the phases of these specimens roasted at different temperatures. The final phases of the specimen roasted at 600 °C were Na₂ZnO₂, Na₄SiO₄, Na₂ZnSiO₄ and NaOH. The reaction kinetic equation of roasting was determined by the shrinking unreacted core model. Aiming to investigate the reaction mechanism, two control models of reaction rate were applied: chemical reaction at the particle surface and diffusion through the product layer. The results indicated that the diffusion through the product layer model described the reaction process well. The apparent activation energy of the roasting was 19.77 kJ/mol.     

Catalytic reduction of SO2 by CO over CeO2–TiO2 mixed oxides

The structure and catalytic desulfurization characteristics of CeO₂–TiO₂ mixed oxides were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and catalytic activity tests. According to the results, a CeO₂–TiO₂ solid solution is formed when the mole ratio of cerium to titanium n(Ce):n(Ti) is 5:5 or greater, and the most suitable n(Ce):n(Ti) is determined as 7:3, over which the conversion rate of SO₂ and the yield of sulfur at 500 °C reach 93% and 99%, respectively. According to the activity testing curve, Ce_0.7Ti_0.3O₂ (n(Ce):n(Ti)=7:3) without any pretreatment can be gradually activated by reagent gas after about 10 min, and reaches a steady activation status 60 min later. The XPS results of Ce_0.7Ti_0.3O₂ after different time of SO₂+CO reaction show that CeO₂ is the active component that offers the redox couple Ce⁴⁺/Ce³⁺ and the labile oxygen vacancies, and TiO₂ only functions as a catalyst structure stabilizer during the catalytic reaction process. After 48 h of catalytic reaction at 500 °C, Ce_0.7Ti_0.3O₂ still maintains a stable structure without being vulcanized, demonstrating its good anti-sulfur poisoning performance.     

不同颗粒尺寸辉钼矿的氧化焙烧动力学

通过差热?热重实验和非等温分析法研究辉钼精矿的氧化焙烧动力学.结果表明:高温焙烧有利于辉钼矿的氧化,其初始氧化温度为450℃,500℃以上时迅速氧化.氧化过程符合未反应收缩核模型.氧化初期受化学反应控制,其表观活化能为123.180 kJ/mol;后期受内扩散控制,表观活化能为80.175 kJ/mol.整个氧化过程中...