0Cr18Ni9不锈钢方坯连铸工艺优化及表面质量的提高

太原钢铁（集团）有限公司引进的220ram×220mm不锈钢方坯连铸机，在初期生产0Cr18Ni9方坯时，铸坯表面存在结疤、凹陷及振痕深等缺陷，为此，进行了连铸工艺参数的优化，消除了结疤、凹陷缺陷，并且工艺优化后的振痕深度从平均0．46mm，降低到平均0．23mm。     

国标钢号0Cr18Ni9与日本标准钢号SUS304（0Cr19Ni9）的对比

我国国有不锈钢企业均按照GB3280生产0Crl8Ni9不锈钢，而日本和韩国等国的企业以及中国张浦和宝新等合资企业都按照JIS G4305生产SUS304不锈钢。本从产品的化学成分、性能和生产成本等方面对两进行了对比。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91D magnesium alloy by expendable pattern shell casting with different mechanical vibration amplitudes and pouring temperatures

To refine the microstructure and improve the mechanical properties of AZ91 D alloy by expendable pattern shell casting(EPSC),the mechanical vibration method was applied in the solidification process of the alloy.The effects of amplitude and pouring temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91 D magnesium alloy were studied.The results indicated that the mechanical vibration remarkably improved the sizes,morphologies and distributions of the primaryα-Mg phase andβ-Mg17 Al12 phase,and the densification and tensile properties of the AZ91 D alloy.With an increase in amplitude,the microstructures were gradually refined,resulting in a continuous increase in mechanical properties of the AZ91 D alloy.While,with the increase of pouring temperature,the microstructures were continuously coarsened,leading to an obvious decrease of the mechanical properties.The tensile strength and yield strength of the AZ91 D alloy with a vibration amplitude of 1.0 mm and a pouring temperature of 730℃were 60%and 38%higher than those of the alloy without vibration,respectively.     

Microstructures and mechanical properties ofAZ91D magnesium alloy processed by low pressure die casting

AZ91D alloy components were cast by low pressure die casting （LPDC） process. The mechanical properties of cast components with different microstructural features （shrinkage and distribution of MgtTAlt2 second phase） were investigated under as-east states. Compared with gravity casting, AZ91D with LPDC has much coarser grain size and second phases（Mg17Al12 and Al8Mn5）. The different size and distribution of Mg17All2 phase and shrinkage correspond to different mechanical properties. The ultimate tensile strengths and elongations are mainly decided by the content and distribution of shrinkage porosity, while the yield strengths are determined by the percentage and distribution of Mg17Al12 phase. The more and finer Mg17Al12 phase in the alloy, the relatively higher the yield strengths are. In the alloy without shrinkage, the mechanical properties are mainly determined by the size and distribution of Mg17Al1l2 phase. The finer Mg17Al12 phase, the better the mechanical properties are. Under optimal process, the density and mechanical properties of LPDC AZ91D are improved with fine microstructures.     

振动和合金化对消失模铸造AZ91D组织与性能的影响

振动凝固和Ce—Sb复合微合金化都能明显细化消失模铸造AZ91D镁合金的铸态组织。经振动凝固的铸态组织特征与原始铸态的相差不大，复合微合金化后的细化效果更显著，且经Ce—Sb复合微合金化处理后在α—Mg基体上出现大量弥散分布的颗粒状CeSb相，在晶内和晶界分布着少量的Al11Ce3针状相。两种处理工艺都能使消失模AZ91D试样的抗拉强度和伸长率得到较大幅度提高，其中经Ce—Sb复合微合金化后的常温力学性能提高最大，两种方法都没有使消失模AZ91D试样的断裂方式发生明显改变，但Ce—Sb复合微合金化后的合金铸态断口具有明显的塑性变形特征。     

5A02/0Cr18Ni9异种金属电子束焊接接头组织与性能

对5A02防锈铝与不锈钢0Cr18Ni9进行了电子束焊接,分析了接头成形、显微组织、力学性能与断口特征.结果表明,铝、钢的对中焊接头中生成了大量的脆性Fe-Al金属间化合物,未能实现有效连接.偏束焊接头成形总体较好,两母材实质为熔—钎连接,铝—钢界面上生成了一层厚度为1.5μm的化合物层,X射线衍射分析结果显示化合物层由FeAl,FeAl3与FeAl6等相混合组成.熔—钎焊接头最高抗拉强度达136MPa,为铝母材强度的62.7%,断口呈现出脆性断裂与韧性断裂的混合特征,接头的断裂发生在化合物层及其附近的铝焊缝区域.     

Processing and mechanical properties of SiC particulate reinforced AZ91 composites fabricated by stir casting

The influence of stirring parameters （stirring temperature, stirring speed and stirring time） on the particle distribution of 10%（volume fraction） SiC particulate reinforced AZ91 composites （SiCp/AZ91） was studied. It is found that it is necessary for 10μm SiC particulate reinforced AZ91 composites to stir the molten composites in semi-solid condition with vortex formation, or else the cluster of the reinforcements would not be eliminated. Compared with the monolithic alloy, the SiCp/AZ91 composite has higher strength, especially for yield strength, but the elongation is reduced. For the as-cast composite, the particles often segregate within the grain boundary regions. Extrusion can effectively reduce the segregation of SiC particles and improve the mechanical properties of the composite. The extrusion-induced reduction in particle size varies with extrusion temperatures and extrusion ratios. The effect of extrusion-induced reduction in particle size on the mechanical properties of the composites is not always beneficial.     

固溶处理对06Cr19Ni9NbN钢微观组织与力学性能的影响

在变形温度1100 ℃,变形量30%的条件下进行平面应变压缩,并对压缩后的06Cr19Ni9NbN钢进行微观组织观察及力学性能测试。将压缩后试样进行1050 ℃保温2 h 的固溶处理,观察固溶处理后试样微观组织及力学性能的变化。结果表明:热压缩过程中,变形量越大的区域发生动态再结晶的程度越高,晶粒尺寸越小,组织越均匀。固溶处理后,细小的再结晶晶粒逐渐长大,组织变得较为均匀,晶粒尺寸增加到100 μm后逐渐趋于稳定。固溶处理对该钢的伸长率影响不大,但固溶处理后其屈服强度降低约20 MPa。     

等温热处理对消失模铸造AZ91D镁合金组织与性能的影响

对AZ91D镁合金消失模铸件进行了近半固态等温热处理,通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜以及金属拉伸试验对其组织和力学性能进行了研究.结果表明,AZ91D镁合金消失模铸件经过530 ℃×60 min近半固态等温热处理后,合金显微组织中β-Mg17 Al12相基本熔入基体,枝晶状的铸态组织在等温处理过程中变得均匀圆整,由此产生的固溶强化作用使材料的力学性能大大提高,抗拉强度达到213.17 MPa,屈服强度达到115.63 MPa,伸长率达到4.11%,等温热处理后的断口呈现明显的韧性断裂特征.     

热处理对浇铸和压铸AZ91D-RE镁合金组织与性能的影响

分别采用金属模浇铸和压铸方法制备了相同成分的AZ91D-RE合金,应用金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和硬度计分析和测试了热处理对合金组织和性能的影响,并对其耐腐蚀性能进行了探讨.结果表明,铸态下AZ91D-RE压铸合金组织由α-Mg和Mg17Al12相组成,而浇注合金中还出现了MgY相;经固溶处理后,压铸合金中的Mg17Al12相全部消失,而浇注合金中尚有部分Mg17Al12相未溶解;随着时效时间的延长,压铸镁合金的硬度先升高后下降,并在11 h达到最大值,而浇注镁合金的的硬度一直升高,表现为时效未完成;在相同条件下,压铸AZ91D-RE合金的组织比浇铸合金的细小,并且,压铸AZ91D-RE合金的耐腐蚀性能也均优于浇铸合金的.     

Effects of Ce and Sb on the microstructure and properties of AZ91D magnesium alloy prepared by the EPC process

The effects of small amounts of cerium and antimony additions on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of AZ91D（Mg-9Al-Zn） based alloy were researched via the expendable pattern casting（EPC） process.The results show that the microstructure is obviously refined and the tensile strength of the AZ91D based alloy at ambient temperature is significantly improved.When compared to AZ91D,the AZ91D-1.0?-0.4%Sb alloy has higher ultimate tensile strength and elongation.Its ultimate tensile strength and elongation are enhanced by 39% and 47%,respectively.The morphology of the tensile fracture of the AZ91D-1.0?-0.4%Sb alloy has more characteristics of quasi-cleavage.This indicates that it has had a larger plastic deformation before failure.The tensile strength and elongation decrease with the increase of Ce and Sb contents because of the coarsening and volume increase of CeSb and Al11Ce3 phases.     

Effects of combined addition of Y and Ca on microstructure and mechanical properties of die casting AZ91 alloy

A series of die casting heat-resistant magnesium alloys based on Mg-Al system were developed for automotive application by adding Y and various amounts of Ca. The mechanical properties and microstructures of die casting AZ91 alloy with combined addition of Y and Ca were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electronic microscopy, X-ray diffractometry and mechanical property test. The results show that the combined addition of Y and Ca can refine the as-die-cast microstructure, result in the formation of Al2Ca phase and Al2Y phase, and inhibit the precipitation of Mg17Al12 phase. The combined addition of Y and small amount of Ca has little influence on the ambient temperature tensile properties, but increasing the content of Ca can improve significantly the tensile strength at both ambient and elevated temperatures. It is found that for AZ91-1Y-xCa alloy, the hardness and the elevated temperature tensile strength increase, while the elongation decreases with increasing the addition of Ca. The mechanism of mechanical properties improvement caused by the combined addition of Y and Ca was also discussed.     

固相合成AZ91D镁合金的组织和性能

利用固相合成方法在挤压比为11∶1的条件下,将AZ91D镁合金屑分别在573、623、673和723 K时制备成试样,对试样进行微观组织观察和力学性能测试。结果表明:在573~673 K时,AZ91D镁合金的抗拉强度和延伸率随合成温度的升高而增大,高于673 K时其抗拉强度和延伸率随合成温度的升高而降低,在合成温度为673 K时,其抗拉强度最高,达到384.4 MPa;在热挤出过程中氧化层被均匀弥散在组织中且发生动态再结晶,使固相合成AZ91D镁合金的力学性能与铸态和用铸锭热挤出制备的镁合金相比明显提高,在合成温度为673 K时,其延伸率为5.8%,比铸态增加152%;AZ91D镁合金屑在挤出过程中不能完全结合且出现较多的微裂纹,使其延伸率与铸锭热挤出制备的AZ91D镁合金相比低44%。     

An investigation on bonding interface microstructure of ceramic coating prepared on AZ91D by evaporated pattern casting technique

PbO-ZnO-Na2O ceramic coating was fabricated on the AZ91D Mg-alloy substrate surface by using of evaporated pattern casting (EPC) process. The ceramic coating was characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) and so on. The research was emphasized on the formation process of ceramic coating and the interface bonding conditions between ceramic coating and the substrate. Results show that the glass powder (PbO-ZnO-Na2O) melts when contacts with the high temperature liquid metal, and solidifies on the surface of the substrate with the decrease of temperature. Therefore,the ceramic coating was successfully prepared with the formation of the bonding interface with the substrate.Beside the influence of coating layer thickness, the vacuum level was also investigated. Further analysis indicates that oxide inclusions and decomposition products of foam pattern had a significant effect on the bonding interface.To obtain a good bonding interface between the ceramic coating and the substrate, the metal liquid oxidation and inclusions must be decreased and the decomposition products of foam pattern should be exhausted from the EPC coating completely.     

0Cr18Ni9不锈钢表面纳米化及其热稳定性研究

对0Cr18Ni9不锈钢进行表面超音速微粒轰击处理,使表面获得纳米晶粒,并且晶粒尺寸沿厚度方向逐渐增大呈梯度组织。将处理后的样品进行不同加热温度和保温时间的热处理,研究其组织结构和硬度的变化。结果表明:当加热温度低于500℃时,表层晶粒尺寸未发生明显变化,只是在表面纳米晶层及其相邻的亚微晶层上发生马氏体相变,对应的硬度沿深度分布也未见明显的改变;当加热温度高于500℃时,表层组织发生回复与再结晶,导致硬度明显下降。与加热温度相比,保温时间对组织和硬度的影响不大。     

液-固体积比对消失模铸造Al/Cu双金属界面组织性能的影响

研究液-固体积比对消失模铸造Al/Cu双金属界面组织和性能的影响,并对Al/Cu双金属界面的形成机理进行讨论。结果表明:液-固体积比为3:1时Al/Cu双金属材料无法形成有效的冶金结合,当液-固体积比超过5:1时,Al/Cu双金属材料连接区域部分位置开始发生冶金结合;在发生冶金反应的情况下,Al/Cu双金属界面面均由Al₄Cu₉层,Al Cu层,Al₂Cu层和共晶反应层4层组成;随液-固体积比增大,由于凝固时间延长和铜基体的溶解增加的共同作用,共晶反应层组织出现先粗大后细化的变化。Al/Cu界面层的硬度在140～190HV之间,未呈明显的规律性,随着液-固体积比的增大,Al/Cu双金属材料的剪切强度先增加后减小,并在在7:1时达到最大值(81 MPa),且均从金属间化合物(IMCs)层发生断裂。     

铸锻复合成形AZ91D摩托车发动机壳体热处理工艺研究

采用不同固溶和时效热处理工艺对液态铸锻双控成形AZ91D摩托车发动机壳体进行了热处理实验。结果表明：样品经过T4（415℃x9h,60℃水淬）处理后,合金的抗拉强度和延伸率最大,其值分别为239．7MPa,1．58％,较未热处理提高幅度分别为41．6％,79．9％。经T6（415℃×9h,60℃水淬＋205℃×16h,空冷）处理后,样品显微组织中的第二相得到均化,在一定程度上强化了合金。未处理态、T4、T6状态下的拉伸试样断口形貌中均存在较多的韧窝,表明铸锻双控成形制件的塑性较好。T6（415℃×9h,60℃水淬）热处理后的拉伸试样断口形貌中韧窝最多,塑性最好。