考虑前后信息的车辆跟随自适应控制

为了增进自动化公路系统车辆控制系统的工作性能,考虑前后车辆信息,研究具有参数不确定性的车辆纵向跟随控制.假定被控车辆能获得前后相邻车辆及车队领头车辆的状态信息,基于车辆纵向动力学模型,采用固定期望车辆间距跟随策略,设计了车辆纵向跟随直接自适应滑模控制规律;应用Lyapunov函数方法和M-矩阵知识,对车辆跟随系统的渐近...     

汽车稳定性控制中横摆力矩决策的LQR方法

综合跟随理想横摆角速度的方法和抑制汽车质心侧偏角的汽车稳定性控制方法,提出了一种新的最优控制方法。以线性二自由度车辆操纵特性模型为控制目标,基于汽车横摆力矩与车辆状态偏差之间的动力学关系建立了控制系统模型。采用线性二次型调节器(LQR)方法进行了汽车横摆力矩的决策,实现了汽车稳定性控制。在硬件与驾驶员在环仿真试验台上的试验验证了LQR方法的控制性能。     

基于横摆角速度反馈的电动助力转向车辆操纵稳定性分析

提出一种基于横摆角速度反馈的车辆横向稳定性控制方法,以横摆角速度为控制目标,利用前馈补偿控制产生横摆力矩和附加的前轮转角,通过对车辆转向角的修正,使车辆转向行驶时的横摆角速度很好地跟踪参考模型.对车辆转向系统不加入反馈、加入正反馈和加入负反馈3种工况分别进行试验分析,试验表明该方法能有效地控制车辆横摆角速度,同时减轻驾驶员操纵负担.     

智能电动车辆横纵向协同运动控制

针对车速变化下的车辆轨迹跟随稳定性问题,提出一种基于模型预测控制（MPC）与滑模控制结合的横纵向协同控制策略。建立描述车辆纵向、横向及横摆运动状态的三自由度动力学模型;然后,设计模型预测控制器对车辆期望轨迹进行跟踪,考虑车辆行驶运动过程中横纵向耦合问题,将纵向车速作为横向控制系统的状态量,并利用反馈矫正机制不断更新预测模型;在此基础上,采用滑模控制算法对期望车速及加速度进行跟踪,并采用饱和函数作为指数趋近率以减小抖振;采用基于规则的制动转矩分配方式得到行驶过程中各个车轮的需求转矩。该控制策略考虑了车辆动力学中的横纵向耦合问题,可在线处理车辆动力学约束,将车辆稳定跟踪期望轨迹的问题转化为求解带约束的最优控制问题。仿真结果表明所提出控制策略的有效性。     

可实现车辆稳定性控制的滑模变结构策略

针对横摆角速度及质心侧偏角在车辆稳定控制中的重要作用,提出一种分层结构,在上层系统采用滑模变结构策略对汽车稳定性进行操纵。参考二自由度车辆模型计算控制变量名义值,针对横摆角速度及质心侧偏角偏差和偏差导数,设计汽车稳定操纵系统,由控制参量决策出最优附加横摆力矩。利用李雅普诺夫判定方法判断所设计的闭环系统的稳定性。试验结果表明,本文设计的滑膜变结构控制器在紧急工况下能够明显改善车辆稳定性能,提高行车安全。     

半挂汽车转向稳定性反馈线性化控制

建立了半挂汽车非线性动力学模型,分析了车辆在低附着系数路面上高速转向行驶稳定性。采用遗传算法和相平面法估计了行驶速度为16.7～25m/s时车辆稳态前轮临界转角。基于非线性反馈线性化跟踪控制理论,以牵引车横摆角速度和铰接角为控制对象,设计了半挂汽车前轮主动转向和鞍座直接横摆力矩联合控制的前馈和反馈复合控制器。车辆高速阶跃转向和单移线工况仿真结果表明:联合控制器对于提高半挂汽车横向稳定性效果较好。     

适用于后轮轮毂驱动车辆的稳定性控制策略

针对后轮轮毂驱动车辆的稳定性控制问题,提出了基于分层结构的稳定性控制器.首先,在上层控制器中利用参考模型计算理想车辆运动状态,采用LQR控制器计算车辆需要的附加横摆力矩,并根据车辆的稳定性状态进行变权重的设计.其次,为了使车辆能获得尽可能大的地面附着力,提出模糊控制器对每个车轮的滑移/滑转率进行控制.在下层控制器中,根...     

基于电液制动系统的车辆稳定性控制

简述了电液制动系统(EHB)的基本结构,建立了EHB正常工作时制动回路的液压系统模型。提出了基于单控制变量横摆角速度的稳定性控制策略。最后进行了典型工况下的稳定性控制仿真。仿真结果表明,EHB稳定性控制算法能有效控制车辆在高速低附着路面工况下的稳定性。     

汽车稳定性控制系统模型及横摆控制仿真

在Matlab/Simulink中建立了包括横摆运动、侧倾运动的八自由度整车动力学模型和车辆参考模型。采用车辆横摆角速度的状态差异法,基于模糊控制理论制定了直接横摆控制策略,实现了ESC系统对车辆的稳定性控制。对典型工况鱼钩试验进行仿真分析。结果表明:所制定的控制策略可以有效地实现横摆稳定性控制,而且减小了侧向加速度,使汽车具有一定的抗侧翻能力,提高了汽车的稳定性和安全性。     

四轮转向车辆操纵稳定性的最优控制策略研究

为提高四轮转向汽车的操纵稳定性,提出一种联合后轮转向和横摆力矩的最优控制方法.从7自由度四轮转向整车模型出发,建立车辆转向的线性化简化模型和理想模型,并基于二次型最优控制理论推导出前馈控制器和反馈控制器.仿真结果表明:在低速和高速行驶工况下,相比传统的前馈控制,基于最优设计的前馈控制器能改善车辆的行驶姿态,而实施前馈加反馈的最优控制方法可获得更优的理想模型跟踪控制性能,实现了零侧偏角控制目标,同时横摆角速度的控制误差也很小,使得汽车具有更好的行驶轨迹、速度保持能力和稳定状态,进一步提高了车辆的操纵稳定性.     

基于双五次多项式的智能汽车换道路径规划研究

快速准确地进行换道路径规划、有效跟踪期望路径以及换道过程中保持车辆的操纵稳定性,是保障智能汽车主动安全的核心技术.针对智能汽车主动换道过程中的路径规划问题,引入中转位置,提出基于双五次多项式的路径规划策略,以提高换道路径的平滑性,保证车辆换道安全性,满足换道实时性要求.对主动换道场景进行分析,确定换道初始及目标位置;基于车辆换道过程中的临界碰撞点,提出双五次多项式换道路径规划策略;建立联合仿真模型,针对不同道路状态进行主动换道仿真试验.结果表明：由于引入了中转点,利用双五次多项式规划方法得到的换道路径在临界碰撞状态前有更明显的侧向位移,能避开前方障碍车保证了换道安全性;换道中转位置处车辆最大侧向加速度不超过2 m/s²,保证了换道过程中车辆操纵稳定性;在干燥路面与湿润路面工况下,换道所需纵向安全距离减小20 m左右,保障了换道过程的纵向碰撞的安全性.研究结果可以为智能汽车主动换道路径规划提供理论及实践依据.     

基于反演法的智能车辆弯路换道轨迹跟踪控制

基于车辆的运动学模型,研究了具有非完整约束特性的智能车辆弯路换道的轨迹跟踪控制问题。结合弯曲车道的曲率半径,针对换道过程中车辆横向运动和纵向运动对换道轨迹的耦合作用,提出了一种适用于弯道的换道轨迹规划方法。根据换道轨迹,利用积分反演法,引入中间虚拟控制量,设计了轨迹跟踪控制算法,并用Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了控制系统的稳定性。仿真结果表明:该控制器可以保证车辆在弯路换道的轨迹跟踪误差一致有界收敛,且具有快速、准确跟踪和全局稳定的特性。     

汽车外形对智能车辆队列行驶气动特性的影响

为了研究智能交通系统中不同外形车辆在队列行驶时的空气动力特性,以及车辆纵向间距对队列行驶车辆气动特性的影响,采用数值模拟方法对阶背式、快背式和直背式轿车5车队列分别在6种纵向间距下的气动特性了进行研究。结果表明:三种车型队列的平均减阻率大约为10%~40%,节省燃油5%~20%。阶背式轿车队列的平均减阻率最大,直背式次之,快背式最小。随着纵向间距的减小,每辆车的升力都增大,稳定性都变差。     

Symbol Reference Model of Desired Yaw Angle for Automated Lane Changing Behavior of Vehicle

In this paper, it studies the problem of trajectory planning and tracking for lane changing behavior of vehicle in automatic highway systems. Based on the model of yaw angle acceleration with positive and negative trapezoid constraint, by analyzing the variation laws of yaw motion of vehicle during a lane changing maneuver, the reference model of desired yaw angle and yaw rate for lane changing is generated. According to the yaw angle model, the vertical and horizontal coordinates of trajectory for vehicle lane change are calculated. Assuming that the road curvature is a constant, the difference and associations between two scenarios are analyzed, the lane changing maneuvers occurred on curve road and straight road, respectively. On this basis, it deduces the calculation method of desired yaw angle for lane changing on circular road. Simulation result shows that, it is different from traditional lateral acceleration planning method with the trapezoid constraint, by applying the trapezoidal yaw acceleration reference model proposed in this paper, the resulting expected yaw angular acceleration is continuous, and the step tracking for steering angle is not needed to implement. Due to the desired yaw model is direct designed based on the variation laws of raw movement of vehicle during a lane changing maneuver, rather than indirectly calculated from the trajectory model for lane changing, the calculation steps are simplified.     

Reference Model of Desired Yaw Angle for Automated Lane Changing Behavior of Vehicle

In this paper,it studies the problem of trajectory planning and tracking for lane changing behavior of vehicle in automatic highway systems. Based on the model of yaw angle acceleration with positive and negative trapezoid constraint,by analyzing the variation laws of yaw motion of vehicle during a lane changing maneuver,the reference model of desired yaw angle and yaw rate for lane changing is generated. According to the yaw angle model,the vertical and horizontal coordinates of trajectory for vehicle lane change are calculated. Assuming that the road curvature is a constant,the difference and associations between two scenarios are analyzed,the lane changing maneuvers occurred on curve road and straight road,respectively. On this basis,it deduces the calculation method of desired yaw angle for lane changing on circular road. Simulation result shows that,it is different from traditional lateral acceleration planning method with the trapezoid constraint,by applying the trapezoidal yaw acceleration reference model proposed in this paper, the resulting expected yaw angular acceleration is continuous,and the step tracking for steering angle is not needed to implement. Due to the desired yaw model is direct designed based on the variation laws of raw movement of vehicle during a lane changing maneuver, rather than indirectly calculated from the trajectory model for lane changing, the calculation steps are simplified.     

队列行驶车辆的空气动力特性

为了研究队列行驶时,车辆前后间距对队列行驶车辆气动特性的影响以及队列中车辆数目对气动阻力系数的影响,采用数值模拟方法分别对智能交通系统中队列行驶车辆11种不同情况下车辆的气动特性分别进行了研究。结果表明:队列行驶车辆随车间距离的缩短,阻力值降低。在固定间距下,随着队列中车辆数目的增加,平均阻力系数可降低20%—30%,阻力最低的车大致处于车队的中心位置。     

Effect of information delay on string stability of platoon of automated vehicles under typical information frameworks

The effect of the information delay, which was caused by the nature of the distance sensors and wireless communication systems, on the string stability of platoon of automated vehicles was studied. The longitudinal vehicle dynamics model was built by taking the information delay into consideration, and three typical information frameworks, i.e., leader-predecessor framework (LPF), multiple-predecessors framework (MPF) and predecessor-successor framework (PSF), were defined and their related spacing error dynamics models in frequency domain were proposed. The string stability of platoon of automated vehicles was analyzed for the LPF, MPF and PSF, respectively. Meanwhile, the related sufficient string stable conditions were also obtained. The results demonstrate that the string stability can be guaranteed for the LPF and PSF with considering the information delay, but the ranges of the control gains of the control laws are smaller than those without considering the information delay. For the MPF, the “weak” string stability, which can be guaranteed without considering the information delay, cannot be obtained with considering the information delay. The comparative simulations further demonstrate that the LPF shows better string stability, but the PSF shows better string scalable performance.     

Direct adaptive control for lane keeping in intelligent vehicle systems

In this paper, with parametric uncertainties such as the mass of vehicle, the inertia of vehicle about vertical axis, and the tire cornering stiffness, we deal with the vehicle lateral control problem in intelligent vehicle systems. Based on the dynamical model of vehicle, by applying Lyapunov function method, the control problem for lane keeping in the presence of parametric uncertainty is studied, the direct adaptive algorithm to compensate for parametric variations is proposed and the terminal sliding mode variable structure control laws are designed with look-ahead references systems. The stability of the system is investigated from the zero dynamics analysis. Simulation results show that convergence rates of the lateral displacement error, yaw angle error and slip angle are fast.     

基于串级MPC和EPS的集成驾驶员转向车道线保持

针对电动助力转向( EPS)作为转向执行机构的车道线保持的控制系统设计及保留驾驶员对车辆操控问题,提出基于串级模型预测控制( MPC)和EPS集成驾驶员转向的车道线保持系统. 在车道线识别视觉系统空间,建立车道线保持状态空间模型,设计基于MPC的车道线保持控制器( LMPC) . 建立EPS状态空间模型,设计基于MPC的EPS车辆前轮转角控制器( EMPC) . LMPC与EMPC经逆转向机构模型组成串级控制结构. 分析驾驶员转向对车道线保持控制的影响,进而通过保留驾驶员对车辆控制来提高处理紧急事件的能力. 仿真结果表明:在不同车速和不同曲率道路下,该控制策略均能快速消除横向位置偏差和航向角偏差,保证车辆沿着车道线行驶,具有较好的适应性和鲁棒性. 驾驶员转向可以改善车道线保持和提高车辆主动安全性.