PA56/PA6共混体系热性能及流变性能研究

利用熔融共混的方法制备了PA56/PA6共混物,并采用DSC、TG及毛细管流变仪研究了不同比例PA56和PA6共混后体系的热性能以及流变性能,旨在为纺丝生产工艺条件控制提供一定理论依据。结果表明:加入少量PA56,共混体系的熔点和热分解温度与PA6相比差别不大,但是共混体系的熔融焓和结晶度明显下降。PA56/PA6共混体系为非牛顿假塑性流体,其表观黏度随剪切速率的增大而减小;随着PA56组分的增加,PA56/PA6熔体非牛顿指数呈现上升趋势,黏流活化能明显下降,PA56/PA6体系中PA56可以起到润滑作用,PA56的加入能够提高PA6基体的流动性,从而改善材料的加工性能。     

添加剂对聚酰胺热性能的影响

一、前言聚酰胺是一类结晶性高聚物,具有耐磨性好、机械强度高、对化学试剂稳定和无毒无臭等优点,是优良的工程塑料。聚酰胺含(?)C=O 和(?)N-H 基团,在大分子链间能形成氢键,有利于分子链作规整排列。聚酰胺具有较高的结晶度和熔点,要求加工温度较高,这会导致大分子氧化降解,制品的机械强度下降和颜色变深。E.Bianchi 等曾报导了盐化尼龙6的结晶动力学。本工作是利用差示扫描量热仪和热重分析仪研究几类添加剂对聚酰胺(尼龙610)的热性能的影响,并对所选用的几种添加剂的影响进行了比较,关于高分子接枝物和无机盐类对尼龙类结晶形态的影响,作者曾作过报导。     

聚酰胺6/丙烯酸酯橡胶共混物热性能和结晶行为研究

采用熔融共混法制备了聚酰胺6/环氧型丙烯酸酯橡胶(PA6/ACM)共混物,并通过差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和偏光显微镜(PLM)对PA6/ACM共混物的热性能和结晶行为及晶体形貌进行了研究。结果表明,随着ACM含量的增加,共混物的融熔温度(Tm)和结晶温度(Tc)均略有下降;由于环氧型ACM的加入,PA6的晶型也由γ晶型转化为 α晶型,且随着橡胶加入量的增加,结晶度逐渐降低,晶粒逐渐变小,结晶也越来越不完善;共混物的缺口冲击强度明显提高。     

截面形状对聚酰胺6/石墨烯复合纤维性能的影响

通过母粒共混熔融纺丝法制备了圆形、三角形和十字形截面的聚酰胺6/石墨烯复合纤维。采用光学显微镜观察了纤维的截面形貌并计算其异形度,采用负离子测试仪、远红外发射率测试仪、恒温恒湿干燥箱表征了不同截面纤维的负离子释放性能、远红外辐射性能和纤维吸湿及其干燥速度。研究表明:圆形、三角形和十字形截面纤维的异形度分别达到6.31%、34.80%和58.29%。相对而言,异形度增大,会明显影响纤维的负离子释放浓度、吸湿速度及干燥速度,其中十字形截面纤维的负离子释放浓度最高达到1 820个/cm~3;另一方面,异形度的变化不会对纤维远红外辐射能力产生明显的影响,其远红外发射率在0.90～0.93,远红外辐射温升约为1.70℃。     

磷酸三甲酯对聚酯热性能的影响

本文研究子磷酸三里酯对ＰＥＴ热性能的影响,结果表明磷酸三甲酯不仅提高了ＰＥＴ热性,而且改变了ＰＥＴ的熔融和结晶行为 。     

PA6/1212共聚物的性能研究

用差示扫描量热仪对尼龙6/1212(PA6/1212)共聚物的一次、二次熔融行为及结晶行为进行了研究,分析了组成与熔融峰、结晶峰的关系,发现了冷结晶现象;研究了PA1212单体含量为2%~20%的PA6/1212共聚物的力学性能与组成的关系。结果表明,在此组成范围内可制得刚性优良的共聚物,冲击强度也有所改善,当PA1212单体含量为11%时,可得到综合力学性能相对较好的共聚物。     

煤矸石填充聚酰胺6复合材料的结构与性能研究

采用熔融共混法制备了聚酰胺6／煤矸石复合材料，研究了复合材料的力学性能、微观结构、结晶行为和流变性能。结果表明：煤矸石的加入使聚酰胺6的的拉伸强度、弹性模量、弯曲强度和弯曲模量分别增加了约53．8％、66．1％、37．1％和63．4％，而冲击韧性基本保持，煤矸石最佳填充量为25％；煤矸石在聚酰胺6基体中分散均匀，复合材料具有韧性断裂特征；煤矸石使聚酰胺6的结晶温度由187．0℃升高到191．3℃，过冷度由33．6℃降至18．9℃，结晶温度范围变窄，即煤矸石提高了聚酰胺6的结晶速率，对聚酰胺6具有异相成核作用；在所研究的剪切速率范围内，聚酰胺6及其复合材料的流变行为表现为假塑性，煤矸石的加入使非牛顿指数减小，聚酰胺6对剪切敏感性下降。     

PE/PA6/F-SEP复合材料的热性能及流变行为研究

采用硅烷偶联剂对海泡石(SEP)进行有机化改性,并用熔融共混法制备聚乙烯/聚酰胺6/改性海泡石(PE/PA6/F-SEP)复合材料。通过傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)对F-SEP的结构进行表征。采用热失重分析(TGA)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、旋转流变仪和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对复合材料的热性能、流变行为、力学性能以及微观形貌进行研究。结果表明:硅烷偶联剂对SEP实现接枝改性;F-SEP能保持PE/PA6体系的热稳定性,残炭率增加,且F-SEP在基体中起到异相成核作用,能提高材料的结晶温度,改善了材料的结晶行为;F-SEP的加入使复合材料的储能模量、损耗模量和复合黏度均有增加;力学性能表明,添加F-SEP对PE/PA6基体能起到一定的增强和增韧作用。随着F-SEP含量的增加,材料的拉伸和弯曲性能均逐渐增加,且材料的冲击强度可提高20.9%;SEM结果表明,F-SEP的加入使相界面变得模糊,能较好地改善PE和PA6的相容性。     

热致液晶聚酰胺对聚酰胺66结晶行为的影响

利用差示扫描量热仪（DSC）、广角X射线衍射（WAXD）和偏光显微镜（POM）等仪器研究了热致液晶聚酰胺（TLCP）对聚酰胺66（R％6）结晶行为的影响。结果表明：随TLCP的添加量从0增加到30％，共混物的结晶温度和结晶度分别从PA66的235．83℃和39．8％逐步下降为224．7℃和30．8％，PA66的结晶明显受到抑制；共混物中PA66衍射峰的强度随TLCP含量的增加而下降，（100）、（010）晶面间距分别从0．43667nm和0．37139nm增加到0．4414nm和0．37793nm；共混物球晶尺寸明显大于PA66，并且随TLCP含量增加PA66的球晶变得越来越不完善。     

聚酰胺66纤维的热稳定性研究

采用热重分析(TG)和热裂解气质联用(Py-GC/MS)方法研究了聚酰胺66纤维的热稳定性和热裂解机制。结果表明:聚酰胺66纤维在氮气气氛中的热分解过程为一步反应,热分解活化能为186.4 kJ/mol,470℃以上可完全分解,热稳定性良好。聚酰胺66纤维的热裂解产物主要是环戊酮,峰面积百分比达24.27%。     

Effects of Molecular Weight and Thermal Treatment on Wear Behavior of Polyamide 6

Abstract

A series of polyamide 6 (PA 6) samples varying in their molecular weight (between 10000 and 50000) were annealed for 6 h in vacuum at various temperature (between 100 and 220°C) in order to create different morphological structures. The samples have been characterized with respect of their density, melting and crystallinity (from DSC), thermal expansion coefficient, humidity, predomination α- or γ-crystalline modification (from IR), shear melt viscosity and their tribological behaviour (the specific wear rate W_s ). It is found that density increases with increasing annealing temperature T_a but decrease with the rise of molecular weight (m.w.). The thermal expansion coefficient is more sensitive to T_a than to m.w. Contrary, shear-viscosity increases from 35 MPa for PA 6 with a m.w. of 10000 to 7200 MPa for samples with a m.w. of 50000. Concerning wear behavior it is concluded that the observed tendency for a decrease of W_s with an increase of T_a , particularly for samples with low m.w. is attributed to the formation of a more stable physical structure during annealed. This well defined tendency (except samples annealing at highest T_a ) is related to the observed drastic increase of shear melt viscosity with an increase of m.w.     

超声辅助挤出对尼龙6性能的影响

在尼龙(PA)6的熔融挤出过程中引入超声振动外场,通过X射线衍射、高压毛细管流变性能、熔体流动速率测定、特性黏度测定和力学性能测试等手段研究超声振动对PA6性能的影响。结果表明,引入超声外场后,PA6的结晶度提高,热力学稳定的α晶型所占比例提高;特性黏度和粘均分子量降低,熔体黏度降低;力学性能基本保持不变。     

双噁唑啉对尼龙6的化学改性研究

在Haake转矩流变仪中对1,3-双-(2-噁唑啉基)苯 (MPBO)和2,2-双-(2-噁唑啉) (BOZ)化学扩链尼龙6做了系统的研究.偶联结果表明:扩链剂(MPBO)和(BOZ)的用量均存在最佳值,用量不足时,偶联反应不充分;用量过量时,封端反应加剧,同时MPBO的扩链效果要比BOZ的差.当扩链剂的加入量均为最佳用量时,扩链后尼龙6的特性黏度分别从空白样的1.632 dL·g-1 提高到1.787 dL·g-1(MPBO)和2.031 dL·g-1 (BOZ),此时端羧基浓度分别从初始值的7.15×10-5 mol·g-1降低到 3.70×10-5 mol·g-1 (MPBO)和2.33×10·5 mol·g-1 (BOZ).反应温度对扩链反应速率的影响符合阿累尼乌斯公式,温度为260℃,扩链反应完成时间约为3 min.扩链产物在高温条件下存在热降解现象.     

导热PA6复合材料导热性能的研究

将氮化硼和氧化铝等助剂混合后,经过平行双螺杆挤出机制备了导热PA6复合材料,研究了将不同粒径的氮化硼和氧化铝复配对尼龙6复合材料导热系数的影响。结果表明:采用不同粒径的氮化硼和氧化铝复配,添加60%的含量可得到导热系数为1.869的导热PA6复合材料。     

共聚酰胺对聚甲醛热稳定作用和结晶成核作用研究

用220℃等温热失重法通过对热失重率和热失重速率的测试研究了共聚酰胺(COPA)作为甲醛吸收剂对聚甲醛(POM)热稳定性的影响同时用HAAKE转矩流变仪对平衡扭矩进行测试．其熔体粘度随COPA加人量的增加而增大，表明POM体系热稳定性提高。热重分析(TGA)所得的特，征温度的增大也表明COPA能提高POM的热稳定性.差示扫描量热分析(DSC)和偏光显做镜(PLM)观察的结果表明COPA能提高POM的结晶性能，即COPA对POM具有显著的热稳定作用和一定的结晶成核作用.     

改性纤维素纳米晶对聚酰胺6结晶行为的影响

通过表面基团反应制备了异氰酸酯改性纤维素纳米晶（IPDI?CNC),将其与聚酰胺6（PA6）共混后研究了有机纳米晶对PA6结晶行为的影响。利用差示扫描量热仪（DSC）对比分析了纤维素纳米晶（CNC）和IPDI?CNC对PA6的结晶度、结晶动力学参数及结晶速率的影响。结果表明,由于IPDI的引入,IPDI?CNC在PA6中的分散性更好,可以有效提高PA6的结晶度;采用 Jeziorny法研究非等温结晶过程,发现IPDI?CNC起到了异相成核作用,提高了PA6的结晶速度和结晶度;由于PA6的结晶能力提高了,IPDI?CNC的加入使PA6的吸水率降低了71.4 %。     

混杂填料增强PA6复合材料摩擦磨损性能

利用M-2000型摩擦磨损试验机考察载荷以及纳米Si_3N_4/SiO_2与玻璃纤维的混合填料对PA6复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响,用扫描电子显微镜观察分析磨损表面形貌及磨损机理.结果表明:纳米材料与玻璃纤维的协同作用显著改善了材料的摩擦磨损性能,以3%纳米Si_3N_4与玻璃纤维混杂填充耐磨性最佳;以5%纳米SiO_2与玻璃纤维混杂摩擦因数最低.     

Physical Properties of Polyblends of Polyamide 6 Polymer with Cationic Dyeable Polyamide 6 Polymer

Polyamide 6 (PA 6) and cationic dyeable polyamide 6 (CD-PA 6) polymers were blended mechanically in the proportions of 75/25, 50/50, 25/75 in a melt twin-screw extruder to prepare three PA 6/CD-PA 6 polyblended polymers. The molar ratio of dimethyl 5-sulfoisophthalate sodium salt (SIPM) for CD-PA 6 polymer was 2%. This study investigated the physical properties of PA 6/CD-PA 6 polyblended materials using gel permeation chromatograph (GPC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gas chromatography (GC), potentiometer, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the density gradient method, a rheometer, and extension stress–strain measurement. Experimental results of the DSC indicated PA 6 and CD-PA 6 molecules easily formed miscible domains. The surface of PA 6/CD-PA 6 polyblend exhibited a uniform morphology from the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The SEM observations of morphologies were consistent with the DSC results for PA 6/CD-PA 6 polyblends. PA 6 and CD-PA 6 polymers were proven to be a compatible system. Flow behavior of PA 6/CD-PA 6 polyblends exhibited positive-deviation blends (PDB) and the 50/50 blend of PA 6/CD-PA 6 showed a maximum value of the melt viscosity. The crystallinities of PA 6/CD-PA 6 polyblends declined as a SIPM content increased. Moreover, the crystallinity of DSC method was slightly less than that of the density gradient method. The weight loss percentages of the PA 6/CD-PA 6 polyblends increased as the SIPM content increased in aqueous NaOH solution.     

Effect of Polyamide 66 on the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Post-Industrial Waste Polyamide 6

Post-industrial waste (PIW) polyamide 6 is successfully used in lieu of commercial virgin polyamide 6, in several automotive applications. The presence of polyamide 66 in the final formulation may affect the mechanical and thermal properties of the PIW polyamide 6 materials. Using unreinforced polyamide 6 from PIW and commercial sources, it was found that the addition of polyamide 66 (below 10 wt.%) lowered the crystallization rate and crystallinity level of all polyamide 6 materials. The thermal and mechanical properties of glass fiber (GF) reinforced PIW polyamide 6 compounds with and without polyamide 66 were also studied. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that reinforced materials without polyamide 66 had a higher level of crystallinity. Furthermore, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) showed that reinforced compounds without polyamide 66 also had a faster storage modulus buildup immediately after injection molding. Reinforced PIW polyamide 6 compounds without polyamide 66 also exhibited higher tensile and higher vibration weld strengths as well as a thicker heat affected zone (HAZ) than those with polyamide 66, leading to the conclusion that polyamide 66 had a detrimental effect on crystallinity level and consequently on the mechanical properties of GF-reinforced PIW polyamide 6 materials.