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1.
    
Rapid growth of electronic textile increases the demand for textile‐based power sources, which should have comparable lightweight, flexibility, and comfort. In this work, a self‐charging power textile interwoven by all‐yarn‐based energy‐harvesting triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) and energy‐storing yarn‐type asymmetric supercapacitors (Y‐ASC) is reported. Common polyester yarns with conformal Ni/Cu coating are utilized as 1D current collectors in Y‐ASCs and electrodes in TENGs. The solid‐state Y‐ASC achieves high areal energy density (≈78.1 µWh cm?2), high power density (14 mW cm?2), stable cycling performance (82.7% for 5000 cycles), and excellent flexibility (1000 cycles bending for 180°). The TENG yarn can be woven into common fabrics with desired stylish designs to harvest energy from human daily motions at high output (≈60 V open‐circuit voltage and ≈3 µA short‐circuit current). The integrated self‐charging power textile is demonstrated to power an electronic watch without extra recharging by other power sources, suggesting its promising applications in electronic textiles and wearable electronics.  相似文献   

2.
    
Development of novel nitrogen fixation technology is realistically significant for the fertilizer industry and agriculture. Traditional plasma‐induced nitrogen fixation technology is severely limited in some instances because this route generally requires a continuous power input with the features of complicated apparatus fabrication, high cost, nonportability, etc. Herein, a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG)‐driven microplasma discharge–based nitrogen fixation system is conceived by integrating a high‐voltage output TENG and a discharge reactor. The novel TENG has the capability to generate a high voltage of about 1300 V without additional auxiliary. The generated voltage can induce microplasma discharge under atmospheric environment in the discharge reactor, where nitrogen gas is successfully converted into nitrogen dioxide and nitric acid, and atmospheric nitrogen fixation is therefore realized. The TENG‐driven microplasma discharge‐based nitrogen fixation system can serve as a nitrogenous fertilizer supplier, and correspondingly, NaNO3 fertilizer is produced via driving the system by human walking stimuli for crop cultivation. A promising and energy‐saving atmospheric nitrogen fixation strategy with environmental friendliness, flexible operation, and high safety is offered.  相似文献   

3.
    
Heavy metals contained in wastewater are one of the most serious pollutions in natural resources. A self‐powered electrochemical recovery system for collecting Cu ions in wastewater by incorporating a rolling friction enhanced freestanding triboelectric nanogenerator (RF‐TENG) is developed here. The RF‐TENG utilizes integrated cylindrical surfaces using the conjunction of rolling electrification and freestanding electrostatic induction, which shows outstanding output performance and ultrarobust stability. By using the kinetic energy of flowing water, a collection efficiency of up to 80% for Cu2+ ions in wastewater has been achieved. Self‐powered electrochemical systems are one of the most promising applications of TENGs for independent and sustainable driving of electrochemical reactions without the need for any additional power supply. This research is a substantial advancement towards the practical applications of triboelectric nanogenerators and self‐powered electrochemical systems.  相似文献   

4.
    
The flexibility of planar triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) enables them to be embedded into structures with complex geometries and to conform with any deformation of these structures. In return, the embedded TENGs function as either strain‐sensitive active sensors or energy harvesters while negligibly affecting the structure's original mechanical properties. This advantage inspires a new class of multifunctional materials where compliant TENGs are distributed into local operational units of mechanical metamaterial, dubbed TENG‐embedded mechanical metamaterials. This new class of metamaterial inherits the advantages of a traditional mechanical metamaterial, in that the deformation of the internal topology of material enables unusual mechanical properties. The concept is illustrated with experimental investigations and finite element simulations of prototypes based on two exemplar metamaterial geometries where functions of self‐powered sensing, energy harvesting, as well as the designated mechanical behavior are investigated. This work provides a new framework in producing multifunctional triboelectric devices.  相似文献   

5.
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Lightweight and flexible self-charging power systems with synchronous energy harvesting and energy storage abilit-ies are highly desired in the era of the internet of things and artificial intelligences,which can provide stable,sustainable,and autonomous power sources for ubiquitous,distributed,and low-power wearable electronics.However,there is a lack of compre-hensive review and challenging discussion on the state-of-the-art of the triboelectric nanogenetor (TENG)-based self-charging power textiles,which have a great possibility to become the future energy autonomy power sources.Herein,the recent pro-gress of the self-charging power textiles hybridizing fiber/fabric based TENGs and fiber/fabric shaped batteries/supercapacitors is comprehensively summarized from the aspect of textile structural designs.Based on the current research status,the key bottle-necks and brighter prospects of self-charging power textiles are also discussed in the end.It is hoped that the summary and pro-spect of the latest research of self-charging power textiles can help relevant researchers accurately grasp the research progress,focus on the key scientific and technological issues,and promote further research and practical application process.  相似文献   

6.
    
Electrochromic supercapacitor devices (ESCDs) are highly promising for energy-saving applications or smart windows, whereas they still require electrical energy inputs. In this study, a self-charging ESCD (SC-ESCD) based on the ESCD and a sliding-mode direct-current triboelectric nanogenerators is successfully proposed. The SC-ESCD cannot merely convert mechanical sliding kinetic energy into electrical energy and store the electricity in electrochromic supercapacitors but can also show optical responses to the mechanical sliding motions. The prominent electrochemical performances of the SC-ESCD are confirmed by the high areal capacitance (15.2 mF cm−2 at 0.1 mA cm−2) and stable cycling performance (99% for 5000 cycles). Besides, it can be prepared into arbitrary characters or patterns to adapt to various applications. The study demonstrates a potential approach to develop multifunctional self-charging power sources which combine energy harvesting, energy storage, and electrochromic functions.  相似文献   

7.
    
Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) are able to convert mechanical energy into electricity. In this work, a self‐powered electrochemical synthesis circle is designed, in which the electrode material of the TENG, polypyrrole (PPy), is prepared by the pulse output of the PPy‐based TENG itself. The TENG based on PPy from self‐powered synthesis (SPSPPy) presents a competitive performance compared to those made from commercial pulse sources. A supercapacitor that is fabricated from SPSPPy has a far superior performance than that synthesized by the conventional galvanostatic method. Furthermore, a self‐charging power system that integrates a TENG and a supercapacitor is demonstrated to drive an electronic device sustainably. Moreover, the polymerization efficiency is optimized in TENG‐based electrochemical synthesis because its high voltage can sustain multiple reactors simultaneously. Its upper limit is theoretically analyzed for optimal energy utility, and a maximum number of 39 reactors can be powered experimentally. Hence, TENG is validated as an effective pulse generator for the synthesis of PPy as well as other electrochemical technology, and this work greatly improves the understandings of TENG‐based self‐powered electrochemical systems.  相似文献   

8.
    
Smart wearable electronics that are fabricated on light‐weight fabrics or flexible substrates are considered to be of next‐generation and portable electronic device systems. Ideal wearable and portable applications not only require the device to be integrated into various fiber form factors, but also desire self‐powered system in such a way that the devices can be continuously supplied with power as well as simultaneously save the acquired energy for their portability and sustainability. Nevertheless, most of all self‐powered wearable electronics requiring both the generation of the electricity and storing of the harvested energy, which have been developed so far, have employed externally connected individual energy generation and storage fiber devices using external circuits. In this work, for the first time, a hybrid smart fiber that exhibits a spontaneous energy generation and storage process within a single fiber device that does not need any external electric circuit/connection is introduced. This is achieved through the employment of asymmetry coaxial structure in an electrolyte system of the supercapacitor that creates potential difference upon the creation of the triboelectric charges. This development in the self‐charging technology provides great opportunities to establish a new device platform in fiber/textile‐based electronics.  相似文献   

9.
    
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10.
    
A sustainable power source is a key technical challenge for practical applications of electrically responsive soft robots, especially the required voltage is over several thousand volts. Here, a practicable new technology, triboelectric soft robot (TESR) system with the primary characteristics of power source from mechanical energy, is developed. At its heart is TESR with bioinspired architectures made of soft-deformable body and two triboelectric adhesion feet, which is driven and accurately controlled through triboelectric effect, while reaching maximum crawling speeds of 14.9 mm s−1 on the acrylic surface. The characteristics of the TESR, including displacement and force, are tested and simulated under the power of a rotary freestanding triboelectric nanogenerator (RF-TENG). Crawling of TESR is successfully realized on different materials surfaces and different angle slopes under the driven of RF-TENG. Furthermore, a real-time visual monitoring platform, in which TESR carries a micro camera to transmit images in a long narrow tunnel, is also achieved successfully, indicating that it can be used for fast diagnosis in an area inaccessible to human beings in the future. This study offers a new insight into the sustainable power source technologies suitable for electrically responsive soft robots and contributes to expanding the applicability of TENGs.  相似文献   

11.
    
Single‐electrode triboelectric nanogenerators (SETENGs) significantly expand the application of triboelectric nanogenerators in various circumstances, such as touch‐pad technologies. In this work, a theoretical model of SETENGs is presented with in‐depth interpretation and analysis of their working principle. Electrostatic shield effect from the primary electrode is the main consideration in the design of such SETENGs. On the basis of this analysis, the impacts of two important structural parameters, that is, the electrode gap distance and the area size, on the output performance are theoretically investigated. An optimized electrode gap distance and an optimized area size are observed to provide a maximum transit output power. Parallel connection of multiple SETENGs with micro‐scale size and relatively larger spacing should be utilized as the scaling‐up strategy. The discussion of the basic working principle and the influence of structural parameters on the whole performance of the device can serve as an important guidance for rational design of the device structure towards the optimum output in specific applications.  相似文献   

12.
    
Multifunctional electronic textiles (e‐textiles) incorporating miniaturized electronic devices will pave the way toward a new generation of wearable devices and human–machine interfaces. Unfortunately, the development of e‐textiles is subject to critical challenges, such as battery dependence, breathability, satisfactory washability, and compatibility with mass production techniques. This work describes a simple and cost‐effective method to transform conventional garments and textiles into waterproof, breathable, and antibacterial e‐textiles for self‐powered human–machine interfacing. Combining embroidery with the spray‐based deposition of fluoroalkylated organosilanes and highly networked nanoflakes, omniphobic triboelectric nanogenerators (RF‐TENGs) can be incorporated into any fiber‐based textile to power wearable devices using energy harvested from human motion. RF‐TENGs are thin, flexible, breathable (air permeability 90.5 mm s?1), inexpensive to fabricate (<0.04$ cm?2), and capable of producing a high power density (600 µW cm?2). E‐textiles based on RF‐TENGs repel water, stains, and bacterial growth, and show excellent stability under mechanical deformations and remarkable washing durability under standard machine‐washing tests. Moreover, e‐textiles based on RF‐TENGs are compatible with large‐scale production processes and exhibit high sensitivity to touch, enabling the cost‐effective manufacturing of wearable human–machine interfaces.  相似文献   

13.
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14.
    
Cellulose‐based triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have gained increasing attention. In this study, a novel method is demonstrated to synthesize cellulose‐based aerogels and such aerogels are used to fabricate TENGs that can serve as mechanical energy harvesters and self‐powered sensors. The cellulose II aerogel is fabricated via a dissolution–regeneration process in a green inorganic molten salt hydrate solvent (lithium bromide trihydrate), where. The as‐fabricated cellulose II aerogel exhibits an interconnected open‐pore 3D network structure, higher degree of flexibility, high porosity, and a high surface area of 221.3 m2 g?1. Given its architectural merits, the cellulose II aerogel‐based TENG presents an excellent mechanical response sensitivity and high electrical output performance. By blending with other natural polysaccharides, i.e., chitosan and alginic acid, electron‐donating and electron‐withdrawing groups are introduced into the composite cellulose II aerogels, which significantly improves the triboelectric performance of the TENG. The cellulose II aerogel‐based TENG is demonstrated to light up light‐emitting diodes, charge commercial capacitors, power a calculator, and monitor human motions. This study demonstrates the facile fabrication of cellulose II aerogel and its application in TENG, which leads to a high‐performance and eco‐friendly energy harvesting and self‐powered system.  相似文献   

15.
    
Harvesting ambient mechanical energy is a key technology for realizing self‐powered electronics, which has tremendous applications in wireless sensing networks, implantable devices, portable electronics, etc. The currently reported triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) mainly uses solid materials, so that the contact between the two layers cannot be 100% with considering the roughness of the surfaces, which greatly reduces the total charge density that can be transferred and thus the total energy conversion efficiency. In this work, a liquid‐metal‐based triboelectric nanogenerator (LM‐TENG) is developed for high power generation through conversion of mechanical energy, which allows a total contact between the metal and the dielectric. Due to that the liquid–solid contact induces large contacting surface and its shape adaptive with the polymer thin films, the LM‐TENG exhibits a high output charge density of 430 μC m?2, which is four to five times of that using a solid thin film electrode. And its power density reaches 6.7 W m?2 and 133 kW m?3. More importantly, the instantaneous energy conversion efficiency is demonstrated to be as high as 70.6%. This provides a new approach for improving the performance of the TENG for special applications. Furthermore, the liquid easily fluctuates, which makes the LM‐TENG inherently suitable for vibration energy harvesting.  相似文献   

16.
    
The first direct‐current triboelectric generator (DC‐TEG) based on sliding electrification for harvesting mechanical energy from rotational motion is reported. The DC‐TEG consists of two rotating wheels and one belt for connecting them, which are made of distinctly different triboelectric materials with a specific requirement. During the rotation, the contact‐induced electrification and the relative sliding between the two wheels and the belt can induce a continuous increase of the accumulated positive and negative triboelectric charges at the two rotating wheels, respectively, resulting in a Corona discharge and producing the observed current through an external load. The DC‐TEG can deliver an open‐circuit voltage of larger than 3200 V and a maximum power of 100 μW under an external load of 60 MΩ at a rotational speed of 1000 r min–1. By designing a point metal discharge electrode near the accumulated positive charges on the metal wheel, the instantaneous short‐circuit current can be up to 0.37 mA. The DC‐TEG can be utilized as a direct power source to light up 1020 serially connected commercial light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) and the produced energy can also be stored in a capacitor for other uses. This work presents a DC‐TEG technology to harvest mechanical energy from rotational motion for self‐powered electronics.  相似文献   

17.
    
Single-electrode triboelectric nanogenerators (SE-TENGs) are versatile tools for energy harvesting with simple structures and great practicability. However, low output performance hinders SE-TENGs in applications as portable power sources. Herein, a novel SE-TENG that utilizes glass fiber fabric (GFF) as tribo-materials, along with an inorganic ferroelectric film for the dielectric layer is proposed. The GFF is first shown to be a promising tribo-material for its highly positive tribo-polarity and unique chemical/mechanical/durable properties. Meanwhile, an inorganic dielectric film with high dielectric constant is introduced between the GFF and Al electrode for enhancing the charge trapping capability. Owing to the synergistic effect of optimized triboelectrification and dielectric properties, the specific designed SE-TENG delivers an open-circuit voltage of 1640 V and a short-circuit current density of 59.05 mA m−2, which are superior to most reported SE-TENGs. With a maximum instantaneous power of 11.30 mW, the device can light up 1350 light-emitting diodes, charge a 47 µF capacitor into 10 V in 421 s, and power up a digital watch even without additional control circuits. This work provides new insights in designing high-performance SE-TENGs and facilitates their application in biomechanical energy harvesting and portable power sources.  相似文献   

18.
    
Based on the triboelectrification and electrostatic induction coupling, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) can convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, showing a promising potential in the fields of micro/nano energy and self-powered sensors applications. However, the devices are prone to malfunction due to fatigue and damage, limiting their development and applications. In this review, according to the working modes and operational malfunctions as well as the possible solutions, it is proposed that a robust TENG device can be constructed from three perspectives: self-healing friction layers, self-healing electrodes, and self-healing whole devices. Based on the structure, suitable environment, and self-healing materials, the design ideas and fabrication approaches of self-healing TENGs in recent years are summarized in detail. Finally, the development of self-healing TENGs in energy harvesting and self-powered sensors is outlined. It is the wish to provide insights and guidance for the application design of self-healing TENGs in the future.  相似文献   

19.
    
The applications of a single‐layer triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) may be challenged by its lower output current, and a possible solution is to use three‐dimensional (3D) integrated multilayered TENGs. However, the most important point is to synchronize the outputs of all the TENGs so that the instantaneous output power can be maximized. Here, a multi‐layered stacked TENG is reported as a cost‐effective, simple, and robust approach for harvesting ambient vibration energy. With superior synchronization, the 3D‐TENG produces a short‐circuit current as high as 1.14 mA, and an open‐circuit voltage up to 303 V with a remarkable peak power density of 104.6 W m?2. As a direct power source, it is capable of simultaneously lighting up 20 spot lights (0.6 W ea.) as well as a white G16 globe light. Furthermore, compared with the state‐of‐the‐art vibration energy harvesters, the 3D‐TENG has an extremely wide working bandwidth up to 36 Hz in low frequency range. In addition, with specific dimensional design, the 3D‐TENG is successfully equipped inside a ball with a diameter of 3 inches, using which 32 commercial LEDs are simultaneously lighted up via hand shaking, exhibiting great potential of scavenging the abundant but wasted kinetic energy when people play basketball, football, baseball, and so on.  相似文献   

20.
    
A spherical three‐dimensional triboelectric nanogenerator (3D‐TENG) with a single electrode is designed, consisting of an outer transparent shell and an inner polyfluoroalkoxy (PFA) ball. Based on the coupling of triboelectric effect and electrostatic effect, the rationally developed 3D‐TENG can effectively scavenge ambient vibration energy in full space by working at a hybridization of both the contact‐separation mode and the sliding mode, resulting in the electron transfer between the Al electrode and the ground. By systematically investigating the output performance of the device vibrating under different frequencies and along different directions, the TENG can deliver a maximal output voltage of 57 V, a maximal output current of 2.3 μA, and a corresponding output power of 128 μW on a load of 100 MΩ, which can be used to directly drive tens of green light‐emitting diodes. Moreover, the TENG is utilized to design the self‐powered acceleration sensor with detection sensitivity of 15.56 V g‐1. This work opens up many potential applications of single‐electrode based TENGs for ambient vibration energy harvesting techniques in full space and the self‐powered vibration sensor systems.  相似文献   

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