基于铂纳米颗粒沉积多孔金膜的甲醛传感器

在多孔金膜表面电沉积铂纳米颗粒,制备了多孔金膜／铂纳米颗粒修饰电极。其中多孔金膜是在恒电位氧化后再在抗坏血酸溶液中还原制得的。利用循环伏安法（CV）对甲醛在此传感界面上的电化学行为进行了研究,结果表明,在酸性条件下,该传感器对甲醛表现出较好的电催化性能。在优化条件下,甲醛的峰电流与浓度在1×10^-5mol／L到1×10^-3mol／L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限5×10^-6mol／L。     

聚苯丙氨酸-镍复合膜电极对甲醛的电催化氧化

在空白玻碳电极上用电化学方法首次研制了聚苯丙氨酸镍复合膜,实验证明该复合膜修饰电极上存在氧化还原中心Ni(Ⅲ)/Ni(Ⅱ).用循环伏安法初步探讨了该复合膜的电化学性质及其对甲醛的电催化氧化作用.碱性条件下,在1.0×10-1～5.0×10-4mol/L的范围内,甲醛氧化峰电流与甲醛浓度呈良好的线性关系,检测限为1.1×10-5mol/L.并在0.1 mol/L NaOH溶液中,用线性扫描伏安法对水溶液中的甲醛进行了测定,结果满意.     

基于Pt/石墨烯纳米复合材料的甲醛电化学传感器

采用电沉积的方法制备了Pt/石墨烯纳米复合材料,考察了该复合材料的电化学性能,用于甲醛的检测,表现出良好的检测性能.实验结果表明:在0. 1 mol/L的H2 SO4 溶液中,Pt/石墨烯纳米复合材料修饰电极可以实现在2 ×10 -6 ~2 ×10-3 mol/L浓度范围内甲醛浓度的检测,最低检测限为1 ×10-6 mol/L,并且具有高的灵敏度和良好的重现性.     

聚组氨酸-镍复合膜电极对甲醛的电催化氧化

在空白玻碳电极上用电化学方法研制了聚组氨酸/镍复合膜(PHis/Ni),实验证明该复合膜修饰电极上存在氧化还原中心Ni(Ⅲ)/Ni(Ⅱ)。用循环伏安法初步探讨了该复合膜的电化学性质及其对甲醛的电催化氧化作用。碱性条件下,用线性扫描溶出伏安法测得在5.0×10-7～2.0×10-5mol/L的范围内,甲醛氧化峰电流与甲醛浓度呈良好的线性关系,检测下限为2.3×10-8mol/L。该修饰电极可用于测定水溶液中甲醛的含量。     

基于Au NPs-CeO2@PANI纳米复合材料固定化酶的葡萄糖生物传感器

制备了一种基于金纳米粒子(Au NPs)、氧化铈纳米颗粒(CeO2)和导电聚苯胺(PANI)的具有核壳结构的纳米复合材料(Au NPs-CeO2@PANI),利用该纳米复合材料和壳聚糖形成的复合膜成功实现了对葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)的固定.采用透射电镜和X射线衍射对Au NPs-CeO2@PANI材料进行了表征.电化学方法研究了传感器性能,结果表明基于Au NPs-CeO2@PANI纳米复合材料修饰的葡萄糖生物传感器线性范围为6.2×10-6 mol/L～2.8×10-3 mol/L,响应时间为5 s,检测下限为1.0×10-6 mol/L;相同条件下Au NPs-CeO2@PANI纳米复合材料修饰的电极也显示出了比单一或二者复合的纳米材料修饰电极更优越的性能.     

硝基类化合物在纳米金膜修饰电极上的伏安行为及测定

用牛血清蛋白和戊二醛交联将纳米金固定在玻碳电极上,形成了纳米金修饰的玻碳电极.研究了三类硝基类化合物包括对氧磷神经毒剂、对硝基酚、硝基苯在纳米金修饰的玻碳电极的伏安行为进行了研究.实验发现纳米金能显著地降低硝基类化合物在电极上的伏安氧化还原电位,且硝基类化合物在该电极上具有对称不可逆的氧化还原峰,浓度在1.0×10-4～1.0 x10-5mol/L范围内与还原峰电流呈线性关系.     

电沉积Ni纳米颗粒在碱性条件下对葡萄糖的直接电催化氧化

Ni(Ⅲ)对葡萄糖有很好的催化氧化功能,能直接氧化葡萄糖为葡萄糖酸内酯.该文采用电沉积的方法在金电极的表面修饰一薄层Ni纳米颗粒.研究发现这种纳米级的镍颗粒比常规镍材料具有更为明显的电催化活性.在0.1 mol/L的NaOH溶液中,以0.6 V作为应用电位,测得葡萄糖浓度在10.0 μmol/L～2.5mmol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为5.0 μmol/L;响应时间为3 s.传感器制备简单,无需特殊保管,可重复使用.     

一种新型的苯酚电化学传感器研究

制备了一种L-半胱氨卟啉镍(Ⅱ)(NiL)自组装电化学苯酚传感器(NiL/Au CME).该电极具有良好的电活性.实验表明该电极上,苯酚可被NiL催化氧化,氧化峰电流和苯酚浓度成正比,可用于对苯酚进行测定,测定过程无需再向体系中添加媒介体.该电极对苯酚表现出快速的响应(响应时间＜10 s).传感器对苯酚的测定具有较宽的线性范围(2×10-7～3×10-4 mol/L),检出限为1.0×10-7 mol/L.测定了电极稳定性,将该电极用于地表水中苯酚含量检测,并与标准4-氨基安替比林分光光度法作了对照,结果满意.     

多孔阳极氧化铝的化学修饰及其应用于过氧化氢的测定

多孔阳极氧化铝经化学修饰后吸附细胞色素C,制备了过氧化氢生物传感器电极。多孔阳极氧化铝通过电化学和化学腐蚀阻挡层后,用两步无电沉积方法制备了纳米金修饰的多孔阳极氧化铝电极,再在含有L-半胱氨酸的细胞色素C的溶液中通过吸附制备细胞色素C电极。用循环伏安法和计时电流法测试细胞色素C电极的电化学性能及催化对过氧化氢的还原。结果表明,包覆的细胞色素C电极显示较好的稳定性,在扫描速度为80 mV/s时于-50 mV、-190 mV附近出现一对稳定的氧化还原峰。该电极对过氧化氢具有良好的电催化还原性能,在1.5×10-5 mol/L～4.8×10-4 mol/L浓度范围内,电流与浓度呈良好的线性关系。多孔阳极氧化铝经化学修饰后,可应用于生物传感器。     

L-半胱氨酸自组装金电极测定鲜橙多中抗坏血酸的含量

该文用循环伏安法研究了抗坏血酸在以L-半胱氨酸作为修饰剂的自组装金电极表面上的电化学行为,并对实验条件进行了优化.实验结果表明,在pH=4.43的HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液中,在-0.2～0.8V扫描电位范围内,相对裸金电极,抗坏血酸在自组装金电极表面出现一对稳定的氧化还原峰.且该氧化峰的峰电流与抗坏血酸的浓度在1.09×10-6～2.13×10-3 mol/L呈良好的线性关系,检测限为1.0×10-7mol/L.此外,该自组装膜电极还具有一定的抗干扰能力和较好的稳定性与重现性,用该自组装膜金电极对实际样品鲜橙多中抗坏血酸的含量进行测定,结果令人满意.     

2,3-二巯基乙二酸自组装膜的电化学行为及应用研究

利用石英晶体微天平、电化学法、交流阻抗以及拉曼光谱法研究了2,3-二巯基乙二酸(DMSA)自组装膜的电化学性质及其在电极表面的组装过程.发现DMSA分子借助两个巯基自组装到了金电极表面.相对于在裸金电极表面,多巴胺和尿酸在此修饰电极表面的氧化峰电流均有明显的增加,且氧化峰电位大大降低,说明此自组装膜对于多巴胺和尿酸的氧化能够起到明显的电催化作用.     

Development of a screen-printed cholesterol biosensor: Comparing the performance of gold and platinum as the working electrode material and fabrication using a self-assembly approach

Gold (Au) and platinum (Pt) were used as the working electrode material to detect cholesterol in solution through enzymatically generated hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). Both gold and platinum were capable of detecting cholesterol through the electrochemical oxidation of H₂O₂, and could be used as the working electrode material. By comparison, however, Au was preferable over Pt in terms of higher response current and better sensitivity. Therefore, Au was chosen as the working electrode material for the fabrication of a thick-film screen-printed cholesterol biosensor consisting of three electrodes on an alumina substrate (working: Au, reference: Ag/AgCl, and counter: Au). The immobilization of the enzyme cholesterol oxidase (ChOx, E.C. 1.1.3.6) on the Au working electrode was achieved using a self-assembly approach. A thiol, 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA), was self-assembled onto the gold working electrode forming a thin organic layer that served as the anchor for the enzyme immobilization. 1-Ethyl-3(3-dimethylamino propyl)carbodiimide methiodide (EDC) was then used to immobilize the enzyme ChOx covalently on the gold working electrode through the carbodiimide coupling between the carboxyl (–COOH) groups of the self-assembled MPA layer and the amino (–NH₂) groups of the enzyme. Electrochemical measurements showed that this biosensor responded well to cholesterol, confirming that the self-assembly immobilization method was effective. The reproducibility, the interference, and the storage stability of the biosensor were studied and assessed.     

A novel amperometric biosensor for oxalate determination using multi-walled carbon nanotube-gold nanoparticle composite

An amperometric oxalate biosensor using nanohybrid film of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and gold colloidal nanoparticles (GNPs) via carbodiimide chemistry by forming amide linkages between carboxylic acid groups on the CNTs and amine residues of cysteamine self-assembled monolayer (SAM) has been prepared. The c-MWCNTs were immobilized on the gold (Au) electrode and characterized by FTIR. The morphologies of the c-MWCNT/Au and GNPs/MWCNT/Au electrodes were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the electrochemical performance of the Au, c-MWCNT/Au and GNPs/c-MWCNT/Au electrodes were also studied amperometrically. The Cl⁻ and NO₃⁻ insensitive oxalate oxidase from grain sorghum was finally immobilized on this electrode. The influence of pH, temperature and oxalate concentration on electrode activity was studied. The electrode showed optimum response within 7 s. The electrocatalytic response showed a linear dependence on the oxalic acid concentration ranging from 1 to 800 μM with a detection limit of 1 μM. The K_m value for the oxalic acid sensor was 444.44 μM. The enzyme electrode retained 30% of its initial activity after 5 months, when stored at 4 °C. The electrode was employed for measurement of oxalic acid in serum, urine and foodstuffs.     

Gold metallizations for eutectic bonding of silicon wafers

Gold eutectic bonding of silicon wafers is a good candidate for wafer level vacuum packaging of vibrating MEMS: in this paper we investigated several e-beam evaporated metallizations stacks including a titanium adhesion layer, an optional diffusion barrier (Ni or Pt) and a gold film for eutectic bonding on Si and SiO₂/Si wafers. Interdiffusion in the multilayers for annealing temperatures (380–430°C) larger than the Au–Si eutectic temperature (363°C) and times corresponding to a bonding process was characterized by RBS, roughness and resistivity measurements. Au/Pt/Ti and Au/Ti/SiO₂ were found to have the best characteristics for bonding. This was confirmed by bonding experiments.     

Gold metallizations for eutectic bonding of silicon wafers

Gold eutectic bonding of silicon wafers is a good candidate for wafer level vacuum packaging of vibrating MEMS: in this paper we investigated several e-beam evaporated metallizations stacks including a titanium adhesion layer, an optional diffusion barrier (Ni or Pt) and a gold film for eutectic bonding on Si and SiO₂/Si wafers. Interdiffusion in the multilayers for annealing temperatures (380–430°C) larger than the Au–Si eutectic temperature (363°C) and times corresponding to a bonding process was characterized by RBS, roughness and resistivity measurements. Au/Pt/Ti and Au/Ti/SiO₂ were found to have the best characteristics for bonding. This was confirmed by bonding experiments.

     

多壁碳纳米管-Nafion/纳米金构建阻抗传感器研究

利用多壁碳纳米管（ MWNT）—Nafion和纳米金（ GNPs）修饰金电极构建了一种简单、灵敏检测人端粒DNA的电化学阻抗传感器。首先将Nafion分散的MWNT滴涂于Au电极表面,再利用电化学沉积法将GNPs沉积到MWNT—Nafion修饰Au电极表面,以GNPs为载体固定人端粒探针DNA制备DNA传感器。在最优实验条件下,将传感器用于人端粒DNA的检测中,结果表明：目标人端粒DNA的线性范围为1.0×10－13～5.0×10－11mol/L,检出限（S/N＝3）为2.5×10－14mol/L。采用MWNT为基底沉积GNPs修饰电极检测的灵敏度显著提高。     

基于Pd-Ni/Si Nanowires电极室内甲醛实时监测处理装置

研究设计一种室内甲醛气体实时监测和处理一体化装置。首先,通过电化学方法刻蚀大面积硅纳米线阵列并通过无电镀技术制备镍/硅纳米线(Ni/Si Nanowires)和钯-镍/硅纳米线(Pd-Ni/Si Nanowires)阵列电极,Pd-Ni/Si Nanowires阵列电极对甲醛有很强电化学催化氧化作用,以其为电化学甲醛传感器工作阳极,以Ni/Si Nanowires阵列为对电极,Ag/AgCl为参考电极,循环伏安技术测试结果显示该传感器对甲醛浓度灵敏度高达0.265 mA/(mmol/L),三倍信噪比检测限为2μmol/L。其次,利用STC12C5410AD单片机产生三角波扫描电压模拟循环伏安原理,可利用回路中因催化氧化产生的峰电流值来监测室内甲醛浓度,并进一步通过恒压电催化将甲醛处理。该设计方案新颖、成本低廉、便于携带,具有较大实际应用价值。     

Toluidine blue modified self-assembled silica gel coated gold electrode as biosensor for NADH

A toluidine blue modified gold electrode was constructed using self-assembled silica gel technique. Firstly, toluidine blue was encapsulated within 3D network of silica self-assembly monolayer on the surface of gold electrode. Secondly, another layer of silica sol was further assembled to protect from leaching of mediator or possible contamination. The electrochemical characteristics of toluidine blue immobilized within self-assembled silica gel were studied in detail. The modified electrode was applied for electrochemical oxidation of NADH with satisfactory results.     

Preparation and characterization of multifunctional polypyrrole–Au coated NiO nanocomposites and study of their electrocatalysis toward several important bio-thiols

Polypyrrole (PPy) and Au were co-deposited onto the surface of NiO nanoparticles to prepare multifunctional nanocomposites for electroanalysis applications. It is proposed that each component in NiO/PPy–Au nanocomposites plays a great role on their electrocatalytical performance where conductive PPy helps to immobilize the nanocomposites onto the electrode surface due to its outstanding adherence ability, NiO does to mediate the oxidation of thiols through the redox couple of Ni(OH)₂/NiOOH, and Au does to the electron transfer of nanocomposites and the redox transformation between Ni(OH)₂ and NiOOH due to its high conductivity. The obtained NiO/PPy–Au nanocomposites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV–vis spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction. The obtained NiO/PPy–Au nanocomposites could be easily immobilized onto the surface of glassy carbon electrodes. They exhibit excellent electrochemical property for the redox couple Ni(OH)₂/NiOOH and high electrocatalytical oxidation toward some typical and important biological thiols such as cysteine, homocysteine and glutathione. Cysteine could be selectively detected at the applied potential of 0.15 V where the interfering of homocysteine and glutathione is somewhat low. The NiO/PPy–Au nanocomposite modified electrode also shows high electrochemical response to the produced thiocholine from the hydrolysis reaction of acetylcholinesterase.