基于Ontology的数据库自然语言查询接口的研究

提出了一种基于Ontology的关系数据库自然语言查询接口的系统模型及设计框架.采用WordNet作为基本数据库并在WordNet之上定义领域词库,可以提高语法分析的识别率;同时利用Ontlogly知识表达能力存储关系数据库概念模型,并对概论模型的内容进行扩充;另外对Ontology和WordNet的同义词集进行关联,可以提高语义的识别率.用户的输入查询语句通过语法分析、语义分析生成中间表达式语言DRS,然后通过模板技术转换成SQL,通过DBMS执行SQL并返回结果.实验证明,这种方案不但实用可行,而且通过逐步完善Ontology知识库的定义,可以大大提高查询的命中率;另外通过WordNet和Ontology定义领域词库和领域知识,提高了系统的可移植性.最后,所提供的方法可以很容易地移植到其他领域.     

Semantic Web search based on ontological conjunctive queries

Many experts predict that the next huge step forward in Web information technology will be achieved by adding semantics to Web data, and will possibly consist of (some form of) the Semantic Web. In this paper, we present a novel approach to Semantic Web search, called Serene, which allows for a semantic processing of Web search queries, and for evaluating complex Web search queries that involve reasoning over the Web. More specifically, we first add ontological structure and semantics to Web pages, which then allows for both attaching a meaning to Web search queries and Web pages, and for formulating and processing ontology-based complex Web search queries (i.e., conjunctive queries) that involve reasoning over the Web. Here, we assume the existence of an underlying ontology (in a lightweight ontology language) relative to which Web pages are annotated and Web search queries are formulated. Depending on whether we use a general or a specialized ontology, we thus obtain a general or a vertical Semantic Web search interface, respectively. That is, we are actually mapping the Web into an ontological knowledge base, which then allows for Semantic Web search relative to the underlying ontology. The latter is then realized by reduction to standard Web search on standard Web pages and logically completed ontological annotations. That is, standard Web search engines are used as the main inference motor for ontology-based Semantic Web search. We develop the formal model behind this approach and also provide an implementation in desktop search. Furthermore, we report on extensive experiments, including an implemented Semantic Web search on the Internet Movie Database.     

基于领域本体的贝叶斯网络检索模型研究

针对传统的信息检索方法无法实现用户查询的语义理解、检索效率低等问题,本文提出基于领域本体进行查询扩展的贝叶斯网络检索模型。该模型首先将用户查询通过领域本体进行语义扩展,然后将扩展后的查询作为证据在贝叶斯网络检索模型中进行传播,进而得到查询结果,实验表明本文提出的贝叶斯网络检索模型能提高检索效率。     

课程知识本体建模及推理

以计算机网络课程领域为例,研究并实现本体建模,利用Jena对其进行解析与推理,构造推理规则,设计一个基于本体的课程资源查询系统,对其体系结构及功能进行描述。实验结果证明,该方法能够解决传统学习资源查询缺乏语义支持的问题,比传统的学习资源查询有更高的查全率和查准率。     

基于本体的半结构化数据的柔性查询

半结构化数据库没有固定的库模式，用户对其结构难以产生清晰的认识，从而无法有效地查询所需的内容．提出了一种基于本体的柔性查询，用户通过了解数据库本体语义信息而发出的查询不必遵循严格的数据库模式也能得出结果．由于在半结构化数据库上直接查找效率很低，故在其上生成描述结构模式的概念本体库．查询模块先在本体库上评估能否得出查询结果，再在数据库上执行查询．然而由于本体库可能是图的形式，其查询代价仍然很高，本质上是NP问题，进一步研究了将图转化为树的方法，并给出了相应的算法．     

基于色彩传递的图像马赛克算法研究

针对传统图像马赛克算法中的瓦片图像颜色调整问题,提出一种基于全局色彩传递的图像马赛克算法,提高瓦片图像对源图像颜色空间的拟合阶数,在此基础上采用矩形碎片图像拼贴方式实现了相应的马赛克系统。实验结果表明,该算法能够获得良好的性能。     

基于Ontology的语义信息检索模型研究

在信息检索过程中引入语义,可以大大提高信息检索准确度,其中Ontology扮演了重要的角色.基于Ontology研究了语义信息检索原理、体系结构及其模型实现的关键技术,设计并实现了基于Ontology的信息检索系统原型,对研究进行了验证.实验结果表明,基于Ontology的检索大大提高了信息的查准率和查全率.     

Design and Development of Density-Based Effective Document Clustering Method Using Ontology

Text document clustering is used to separate a collection of documents into several clusters by allowing the documents in a cluster to be substantially similar. The documents in one cluster are distinct from documents in other clusters. The high-dimensional sparse document term matrix reduces the clustering process efficiency. This study proposes a new way of clustering documents using domain ontology and WordNet ontology. The main objective of this work is to increase cluster output quality. This work aims to investigate and examine the method of selecting feature dimensions to minimize the features of the document name matrix. The sports documents are clustered using conventional K-Means with the dimension reduction features selection process and density-based clustering. A novel approach named ontology-based document clustering is proposed for grouping the text documents. Three critical steps were used in order to develop this technique. The initial step for an ontology-based clustering approach starts with data pre-processing, and the characteristics of the DR method are reduced with the Info-Gain collection. The documents are clustered using two clustering methods: K-Means and Density-Based clustering with DR Feature Selection Process. These methods validate the findings of ontology-based clustering, and this study compared them using the measurement metrics. The second step of this study examines the sports field ontology development and describes the principles and relationship of the terms using sports-related documents. The semantic web rational process is used to test the ontology for validation purposes. An algorithm for the synonym retrieval of the sports domain ontology terms has been proposed and implemented. The retrieved terms from the documents and sport ontology concepts are mapped to the retrieved synonym set words from the WorldNet ontology. The suggested technique is based on synonyms of mapped concepts. The proposed ontology approach employs the reduced feature set in order to clustering the text documents. The results are compared with two traditional approaches on two datasets. The proposed ontology-based clustering approach is found to be effective in clustering the documents with high precision, recall, and accuracy. In addition, this study also compared the different RDF serialization formats for sports ontology.

     

An ontology-based knowledge framework for engineering material selection

Engineering material selection intensively depends on domain knowledge. In the face of the large number and wide variety of engineering materials, it is very necessary to research and develop an open, shared, and scalable knowledge framework for implementing domain-oriented and knowledge-based material selection. In this paper, the fundamental concepts and relationships involved in all aspects of material selection are analyzed in detail. A novel ontology-based knowledge framework is presented. The ontology-based Semantic Web technology is introduced into the semantic representation of material selection knowledge. The implicit material selection knowledge is represented as a set of labeled instances and RDF instance graphs in terms of the concept model, which provides a formal approach to organizing the captured material selection knowledge. A knowledge retrieval and reasoning approach integrating ontology concepts, instances, knowledge rules, and semantic queries encoded with Query-enhanced Web Rule Language (SQWRL) is proposed. The presented knowledge framework can provide powerful knowledge services for material selection. Finally, based on this knowledge framework, a case study on constructing a mold material selection knowledge system is provided. This work is a new attempt to build an open and shared knowledge framework for engineering material selection.     

基于语义查询扩展的垂直搜索研究

基于关键词的搜索引擎无法满足用户需求,传统查询扩展方式又会带来许多语义理解错误,针对该问题,提出一种基于本体的垂直搜索引擎概念模型,建立基于关键词和基于概念的两层索引结构,利用行业领域本体对用户提交的关键词进行语义查询扩展,并对按照本体标注的文档进行排序优化,提高查询的查全率和查准率。     

On the query refinement in the ontology-based searching for information

One of the main problems in the (web) information retrieval is the ambiguity of users’ queries, since they tend to post very short queries which do not express their information need clearly. This seems to be valid for the ontology-based information retrieval in which the domain ontology is used as the backbone of the searching process. In this paper, we present a novel approach for determining possible refinements of an ontology-based query. The approach is based on measuring the ambiguity of a query with respect to the original user's information need. We defined several types of the ambiguities concerning the structure of the underlying ontology and the content of the information repository. These ambiguities are interpreted regarding the user's information need, which we infer from the user's behaviour in searching process. Finally, the ranked list of the potentially useful refinements of her query is provided to the user. We present a small evaluation study that shows the advantages of the proposed approach.     

Performance evaluation of semantic registries: OWLJessKB and instanceStore

Service discovery is a critical task in distributed computing architectures for finding a particular service instance. Semantic annotations of services help to enrich the service discovery process. Semantic registries are an important component for the discovery of services and they allow for semantic interoperability through ontology-based query formulation and dynamic mapping of terminologies between system domains. This paper evaluates two semantic registries—OWLJessKB implementation and instanceStore—to determine the suitability of these with regards to the query response time and the overall scalability for use in mathematical services. Mathematical ontologies from the MONET project are used to undertake comparison. The results demonstrate that the performance of registries may be compared across two axes: (1) time to initialize (i.e. time to load an initial ontology into memory); (2) time to query (i.e. time to reason with an ontology loaded into memory).     

Semantic Ontology Mapping for Interoperability of Learning Resource Systems using a rule-based reasoning approach

There is an increasing demand for sharing learning resources between existing learning resource systems to support reusability, exchangeability, and adaptability. The learning resources need to be annotated with ontologies into learning objects that use different metadata standards. These ontologies have introduced the problems of semantic and structural heterogeneity. This research proposes a Semantic Ontology Mapping for Interoperability of Learning Resource Systems. To enable semantic ontology mapping, this research proposes conflict detection and resolution techniques for both semantic and structural conflicts. The Semantic Bridge Ontology has been proposed as a core component for generating mapping rules to reconcile terms defined in local ontologies into terms defined in the target common ontology. This work defines the reasoning rules to classify related learning objects to enhance the powerful deductive reasoning capabilities of the system. As a consequence, ontology-based learning object metadata are generated and used by the semantic query engine to facilitate user queries of learning objects across heterogeneous learning resource systems.     

Contorsion: A Semantic XPath Processor

This work describes the architecture of Contorsion, a semantic XPath processor that acts over an RDF mapping of XML. It contributes to a recent research trend that defines an XML-to-RDF mapping allowing XML documents interoperate at the semantic level. We use a model-mapping approach to represent instances of XML and XML Schema in RDF. This representation retains the node order, in contrast with the usual structure-mapping approach. The processor can be fed with an unlimited set of XML schemas and/or RDFS/OWL ontologies. The queries are resolved taking in consideration the structural and semantic connections descrived in the schemas and ontologies. Such behaviour, schema-awareness and semantic integration, can be useful for exploiting schema and ontology hierarchies in XPath queries.     

网络教学平台中问答系统的关键技术研究

提出采用一种基于本体知识库,利用领域本体知识全面权衡用户查询概念的各种关联,对关键词进行相似度和相关度扩展,结合相关度与相似度的查询扩展方法,并通过本体推理机和自定义推理规则抽取答案的问答系统并应用到网络教学平台。     

APPLYING SEMANTIC TECHNOLOGY TO BUSINESS NEWS ANALYSIS

This article addresses business news analysis by using artificial intelligence. An interdisciplinary method combining financial textual data mining and ontology-based reasoning is proposed and evaluated. The experiments are performed using a well-known Cyc ontology and textual material from the financial domain. Our experiments show that using semantic technologies for business news analysis helps to provide the user with more relevant answers to his/her queries.     

Location-based service using ontology-based semantic queries: A study with a focus on indoor activities in a university context

Much research on three-dimensional (3D) indoor geographic information systems (GIS) to date has been focused on 3D topological modeling in the context of emergency management and response. Besides emergency situations, however, little is known about other human activities and the effective use and retrieval of semantically relevant information about such activities based on route analysis in complex buildings regarding 3D indoor GIS. This study proposes a location-based service (LBS) using ontology-based semantic queries with a focus on the indoor activities in a university context. An ontology model called ‘University activity ontology’ is designed with regard to the indoor activities at a university for sharing, managing and querying data semantically. In particular, reasoning rules are created for semantic queries to retrieve and provide information about places relevant to a destination with keywords given by users. A 3D network-based topological data model is generated by connecting a road network model and indoor topological network model to calculate the shortest path from an outdoor/indoor location to an indoor destination of interest selected by users among suggested choices. For the implementation, a location-based GIS application is developed based on the Android operating system (OS) with interactive two-dimensional (2D) and 3D visualization.