基于计算机视觉的刀具磨损状态识别技术

刀具磨损状态自动识别系统能够显著地降低制造成本,但是,只有很少的刀具磨损检测理论能够应用到工业实践中去,特别是基于声发射和切削力测量的间接测量技术。本文综述了作为直接测量技术的计算机视觉系统的优点和它的组成及对刀具图像进行处理的基本原理。     

基于模型的驾驶员眼睛状态识别

采用机器视觉来检测驾驶员眼睛状态对判别驾驶员疲劳具有重要意义,现有机器视觉采集系统中眼睛状态识别常用虹膜特征来衡量,针对虹膜信息缺失或者改变都会导致眼睛状态误检且准确性和实时性不能兼顾的问题,在分析机器视觉系统和人眼状态的基础上,以兼顾识别算法的实时性和准确性为目标,利用机器视觉系统成像带来的更好区分眼睛状态的非虹膜特征,提出了基于融合模型的改进型人眼状态识别方法,进一步搭建了嵌入式平台并进行了算法识别的对比实验。结果表明非虹膜特征的融合检测算法提高了人眼的睁闭眼识别的区分度,与模板匹配法相比,眼睛状态识别的准确性提高15%,耗时也减少了约1/3。     

基于机器视觉的刀具状态监测研究进展

介绍了基于机器视觉的刀具磨损监测的三种方法:基于刀具表面图像的视觉监测方法、基于工件表面纹理图像的视觉监测方法和基于切屑图像的视觉监测方法。综述了各种方法的研究进展,比较了各自的优缺点,分析了当前的研究热点和发展趋势。     

机器视觉识别技术在农业机械中的应用

介绍了机器视觉系统的组成,分析了各种视觉识别技术在农业机械中的应用特点,最后提出其发展趋势和存在的问题。     

不同路面工况下履带推土机工作状态分析

为掌握不同路面工况下推土机的动力特性,对大功率推土机在干砂和黏土两种路面工况下的工作状态进行了模拟分析。结果表明:干砂路面相较于黏土路面,会给推土机带来更大的工作阻力,从而造成质心偏移量增大,接地长度减小,驱动力矩波动范围大等问题。而黏土工况下,更容易造成推土机滑转率增大,导致推土机在低工作阻力时就需要开启末端驱动系统提供动力。在实际道路施工过程中,有必要根据不同路面状况调整推土机的质心位置,从而维持其工作稳定性。     

典型路面的车辆悬架预瞄控制系统研究

针对车辆通过典型路面时悬架控制系统的延迟问题,通过系统建模和机器视觉的方法研究了一种采用完全预瞄的悬架控制系统.该系统首先基于OpenCV对前方典型路面进行检测,通过对典型路面特征的识别、跟踪和测距完成预瞄操作,并融合车辆实时信息对悬架进行理想化控制.通过试验结果表明,基于视觉处理的预瞄方法可以准确检测典型路面的特征信...     

采用CCD摄像和图像分析技术的作物叶面积测量仪的研发

针对传统叶面积测量方法存在的测量不准确、开发周期长、测量范围窄、对作物有损伤等缺陷，研发了基于CCD摄像和图像分析技术的作物叶面积测量仪。实验结果证明，该仪器具有操作简单、测量结果准确、可对作物叶片进行无损测量等优点。     

复杂动态路面的电动轮附着状态识别与稳定控制策略研究

复杂动态路面条件下的轮胎-路面附着稳定性识别与控制对电驱动车辆的安全行驶具有重要意义,但目前仍缺少有效的分析和判定方法。针对复杂动态路面切换的情形,从驱动力-附着力传递特性的角度,分析了路面切换过程中力传递因子的动态行为,提出了基于力传递因子的附着状态识别方法,分析讨论了路面切换后的车辆稳定控制策略。基于CarSim联合仿真对比验证了基于电气参数的力传递因子估计方法的正确性与有效性,结果表明利用力传递因子可以检测出路面附着特性的变化;采用降转矩稳定性控制策略,提高了车辆在路面附着特性变化时的附着稳定性。研究结果对提升电动车辆在复杂路面附着情形的安全性具有重要意义。     

深孔钻削状态监测与分析

应用多传感器综合检测技术，设计了一种多传感器的检测装置，分别采集深孔钻削轴向力、切向力矩、垂直方向振动和水平方向振动的信号，通过数据采集器将信号送到计算机中进行处理。对信号的分析，采用时域和频域分析的方法，提取反映刀具磨损的特征量，最后用模式识别的方法进行状态分类，得出判断样本。     

Inception-ViT模型的微型铣刀磨损状态预测研究

微细加工过程中,铣刀的磨损状态直接影响加工精度和被加工表面质量.为了预测刀具磨损状态,提出一种Inception-ViT微型铣刀磨损预测模型.通过机器视觉检测装置获取铣刀后刀面磨损图像,依据底刃直径减少量划分特征数据集,通过数据增强方法扩充数据集.借助Inception-ViT模型对数据集进行训练,建立微型铣刀磨损状态...     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection method and comparison in acoustic communication

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection algorithm and multi-user detector was proposed to solve the problem of multi-user signal detection problem encountered in underwater acoustic communication networks.In simulation analysis,RLS and the LMS blind adaptive multi-user detector were designed and tested for synchronous and asynchronous multi-user communication process.The results of SIR comparison and MMSE comparison show that,both of the two methods can realize blind adaptive detection when any user change in multi-user communication,during this process,the training communication sequences are not needed.The RLS algorithm has about 5 dB higher in SIR compared with LMS algorithm,and the convergence velocity of RLS algorithm is also higher than LMS algorithm when the communication users change.RLS algorithm has better ability in multi-user detection than that of LMS algorithm,and it has great attraction and guiding significance for solving the problem of multiple access interference(MAI) in multi-user communication.     

Research on key techniques of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system

This paper analysis the developing of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system(XCTD)and introduce its principle of measuring about temperature,salinity and depth of ocean.Some key techniques are put forward.According to the real needs of XCTD,conductivity sensor with high sensitivity is designed by principle of electromagnetic induce,the ocean conductivity from induced electromotive force has been calculated.Adding temperature correction circuit would help to reduce error of conductivity measurement because of sharply changing temperature.Advanced temperature measuring circuit of high precision and the constant current source is used to weaken effect of self-heating of resistance and fluctuation of the source.On respect of remote data transmission,LVDS is a good choice for the purpose of guarantee the quality of data transmitted and the transmission distance is reaching to thousand meters in the seawater.Modular programming method is also brought into this research aimed at improve the stability,reliability and maintainability of the whole measuring system.In February,2015,the trials in South China Sea demonstrate that the developed XCTD realize effective measurement at a speed of 6 knots and detection depth at 800 m.The consistency coefficient of the acquired data is greater than 0.99 and the success rate of probe launching is above 90%.     

Robust Impedance Control of Robots Using an Adaptive Interaction Force Observer

For robot interaction control,the interaction force between the robot and the manipulated object or environment should be monitored.Impedance control is a type ...     

CHARACTERISTCS OF FLUID FILM IN OPTIMIZED SPIRAL GROOVE MECHANICAL SEAL

In order to investigate the sealing performance variation resulted from the thermal deformation of the end faces, the equations to calculate the fluid film pressure distribution, the bearing force and the leakage rate are derived, for the fluid film both in parallel gap and in wedgy gap. The geometrical parameters of the sealing members are optimized by means of heat transfer analysis and complex method. The analysis results indicate that the shallow spiral grooves can generate hydrodynamic pressure while the rotating ring rotates and the bearing force of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces is much larger than that in the flat end faces. The deformation increases the bearing force of the fluid film in flat end faces, but it decreases the hydrodynamic pressure of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces. The gap dimensions which determine the characteristics of the fluid film is obtained by coupling analysis of the frictional heat and the thermal deformation in consideration of the equilibrium condition of the bearing force and the closing force. For different gap dimensions, the relationship between the closing force and the leakage rate is also investigated, based on which the leakage rate can be controlled by adjusting the closing force.     

OPTIMIZATION METHOD ON IMPELLER MERIDIONAL CONTOUR AND 3D BLADE

An optimization method for 3D blade and meridional contour of centrifugal or mixed-flow impeller based on the 3D viscous computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is proposed. The blade is indirectly parameterized using the angular momentum and calculated by inverse design method. The design variables are separated into two categories: the meridional contour design variables and the blade design variables. Firstly, only the blade is optimized using genetic algorithm with the meridional contour remained constant. The artificial neural network (ANN) techniques with the training sample data schemed according to design of experiment theory are adopted to construct the response relation between the blade design variables and the impeller performance. Then, based on the ANN approximated relation between the meridional contour design variables and impeller performance, the meridional contour is optimized. Fewer design variables and less calculation effort is required in this method that may be widely used in the optimization of three-dimension impellers. An optimized impeller in a mixed-flow pump, where the head and the efficiency are enhanced by 12.9% and 4.5% respectively, confirms the validity of this newly proposed method.     

Fifth International Summer School on Screw-Theory Based Methods in Robotics

正3-11 September,2014University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy www.summerscrews.org summerscrews2014.ing.unibo.it SUMMER 20SCREWS 14In 2014,our screw-theory school comes to the world's oldest university.In early September,Summer Screws'14 will gather six experts in the application of screw theory in robotics and up to 40 participants at the University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy.The school will teach attendees how to apply existing methods and empower them to develop new ones in their own research.The basic theoretical notions will be introduced in a rigorous manner,emphasizing examples,applications,and exercises.Scholarships are available.