基于灰色关联度的简形件热处理工艺参数优化

采用正交试验法,选取退火温度、保温时间、冷却方式3个工艺参数为试验因素,以热处理后工件的抗拉强度和布氏硬度为评价指标,并按正交试验表进行了9组试验。通过对灰色关联系数和灰色关联度的计算和分析,进而实现多目标参数优化,获得了优化的热处理工艺参数组合及热处理工艺参数对评价指标的影响程度顺序。结果表明:影响锡青铜筒形件力学性能的工艺参数顺序依次为:退火温度保温时间冷却方式,工件采用优化的工艺参数组合进行热处理后,其力学性能比一般热处理后的更高。     

ZL-115合金的热处理工艺探讨

通过对 ZL - 115合金数种不同工艺热处理后的力学性能的研究 ,确定出较好的热处理工艺为 :　　固溶 :5 2 0 ± 5℃× 2 h+5 30 ± 5℃× 10 h+5 4 0 ± 5℃× 4 h,水淬 (水温≥ 6 0℃ )　　时效 :(80～ 10 0 ) ± 3℃× 10 h+15 0 ± 3℃× 4 h,空冷     

热处理工艺对Cr15高铬铸铁力学性能影响

利用正交试验系统研究了Cr15高铬铸铁中碳及变质剂含量(RE、V、B)、淬火温度、回火温度等因素对Cr15高铬铸铁力学性能的影响,并优化主要合金成分及热处理工艺参数。结果表明:各因素对Cr15高铬铸铁热处理后力学性能影响的大小顺序为:含碳量、回火温度、淬火温度、RE、V、B。优化合金成分结果为C=2.9%,RE=0%、V=0.3%、B=0%。最佳热处理工艺为:淬火温度980℃,保温3 h,空冷;回火温度450℃,保温3 h,空冷,对应Cr15高铬铸铁力学性能为:硬度59.8 HRC,冲击韧度9.70 J·cm-2。     

热处理工艺对 A357合金性能的影响

研究了热处理工艺参数对A357合金力学性能的影响,并对合金的强化机理进行了分析.研究结果表明A357合金最优化的热处理工艺为:固溶温度(548±3)℃,时间12 h;淬火水温度40℃;时效处理温度160℃,时间6 h.优化热处理工艺得到合金的性能:抗拉强度为383 MPa,伸长率为9.2%.     

高炉衬板用Cr26高铬铸铁热处理工艺研究

利用正交试验法研究了淬火温度、保温时间和回火温度对Cr26高铬铸铁组织与力学性能的影响,并优化了热处理工艺参数.研究结果表明.随着淬火温度的提高,Cr26高铬铸铁淬火硬度随之增加;而延长淬火保温时间,淬火硬度则出现先升高后下降的趋势;三因素对Cr26高铬铸铁热处理后力学性能影响的大小顺序为:淬火温度、回火温度、淬火保温时间.最佳热处理工艺为1 000℃×2h,风冷+260℃×2h,空冷,对应Cr26高铬铸铁力学性能为:HRC 59.5,a_k=8.0J·cm~(-2),组织为马氏体+M_7C_3,碳化物+二次碳化物+残余奥氏体.     

奥贝球铁齿轮的等温淬火热处理

运用正交试验法对奥贝球铁生产拖拉机最终传动从动齿轮的热处理工艺进行了优化试验。分析了主要合金元素的作用 ,着重探讨了热处理工艺参数对奥贝球铁力学性能的影响 ,并对该材料的加工硬化能力进行了研究。试验结果表明 ,该奥贝球铁齿轮的优化热处理工艺为 :在 90 0℃奥氏体化保温 2h ,再进行 2 90℃× 1 5h等温淬火。在此工艺条件下可以得到以下贝氏体 +残留奥氏体为基体的金相组织 ,该组织具有较好的加工硬化性能。     

低碳高铬白口铸铁热处理工艺研究

采用正交试验方法,研究了热处理工艺参数对低碳高铬白口铸铁组织与力学性能的影响,并优化了热处理工艺参数.研究结果表明,在本试验温度范围内,热处理各参数对低碳高铬白口铸铁硬度的影响主次顺序依次为淬火保温时间、淬火温度、回火保温时间、回火温度;对冲击韧性的影响主次顺序依次为回火保温时间、淬火温度、淬火保温时间、回火温度.经优化热处理工艺1010℃×5 h淬火+砂冷,400℃×5 h回火+砂冷处理后,低碳高铬白口铸铁的硬度和冲击韧度得到较好的匹配,其值分别为55.2 HRC和4.9J/cm2,组织主要由马氏体、断续分布的共晶碳化物、细小弥散分布的二次碳化物和少量残留奥氏体组成.     

3379BA1汽轮机叶片钢的热处理工艺优化

采用正交试验方法研究了3379BA1汽轮机叶片钢热处理工艺与力学性能之间的关系。结果表明:影响试验钢力学性能的因素先后顺序为回火温度、淬火温度、回火时间、淬火时间,得出了最优热处理工艺参数为1050 ℃淬火(保温60 min,油冷)后在700 ℃回火(保温120 min,空冷)。通过试验验证,经最优热处理工艺处理后试验钢可以满足各项性能要求,较工艺优化前冲击吸收能量平均值提升约10 J,屈强比达87.3%。     

喷射成形ZA35合金热处理工艺的人工神经网络优化

采用人工神经网络方法,研究了固溶温度、固溶时间、时效温度和时效时间对喷射成形ZA35合金力学性能的影响,建立了喷射成形ZA35合金热处理工艺的人工神经网络模型。模型的输入参数为固溶温度、固溶时间、时效温度和时效时间,输出参数为合金抗拉强度和伸长率。该模型可以预测ZA35合金在不同热处理工艺参数下的力学性能,也可以优化热处理工艺参数。推荐喷射成形ZA35合金热处理工艺参数为370 ℃×4 h固溶处理+150 ℃×7 h时效处理。     

不同热处理条件下建筑用30MnSi钢的组织及力学性能研究

以30MnSi钢为研究对象,分析不同淬火温度和回火温度对其组织和力学性能的影响规律,优化了热处理工艺参数。结果表明,随着淬火温度的升高,试验钢的抗拉强度和屈服强度先升高后降低,在淬火温度为900℃时取得最大值;伸长率在淬火温度为860和900℃时基本保持不变,继续升高温度至940℃以上,伸长率降低;最优的热处理工艺为:900℃淬火+400℃回火。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.