多风格融合的复杂森林场景自适应可视化

为了保证森林场景可视化时的真实感,同时保持动态森林场景生成时间的恒定性,本文提出了一种多风格融合的复杂森林场景自适应可视化方法。该方法利用基于视距的模型分布函数来控制树木模型的分布比例,从而建立多风格融合的森林可视化模型;在此基础上,根据复杂森林场景中树木生长模型的计算时间、三维树木绘制时间的估算结果,以及树木的视觉重要性,确定生成森林场景的最佳方案。该方法能够使复杂动态森林场景的生成时间保持较好的稳定性,并且在可视化过程中根据仿真效果动态调整绘制策略。为了验证该方法的有效性和实用性,在动态生长的森林仿真场景中对本文的方法进行了实验和应用。应用结果表明,多风格融合的森林场景自适应可视化方法能在保证森林场景可视化真实感的基础上,有效地提升复杂森林场景的绘制速度,使森林场景的快速漫游具有更好的稳定性和流畅性。     

基于光线投射算法的混合场景可视化

体绘制技术常用于3维体数据场的可视化,其虽然可以生成高质量的投影图像,但通常不能绘制由体数据与点、线、面图形组成的混合场景。在现有的混合场景可视化方法中,有些只能绘制由体数据与面图形组成的复杂混合场景,而不能处理存在点和线的混合场景;有的则成像速度慢、成像质量差。为了能够正确地绘制复杂混合场景,采用SIMD和软件加速等技术,提出了一种速度快、成像质量高的基于光线投射算法的混合场景可视化方法,并分析了该算法所具有的3种绘制次序,以便满足不同应用的要求。该算法既可用于不同场景的绘制,又可用于平行和透视投影中。实验结果表明,该算法能够正确地绘制体数据与点、线、面图形组成的混合场景,且成像速度快,图像质量高。     

面向移动终端的PN三角形自适应细化管线

针对移动终端三维实时显示需求和硬件性能之间的矛盾,提出一种基于PN(point normal)三角形的网格自适应细化管线.将PN三角形局部细化方法扩展到移动平台,并依据轮廓特征准则生成视点相关多分辨率细化网格;然后设计顶点调控函数,以保证多细节层次网格间连续过渡,提高已有半规则自适应细化算法的自适应性,将细化因子从指数形式优化为线性形式.通过原型系统的验证结果表明:该细化管线在保证绘制质量的同时能有效地减少绘制面片规模,提高绘制速度,适合在移动终端上应用.     

多级纹理细节的立方体全景纹理再现

城市可视化中的纹理再现,是场景真实性的关键。纹理再现通常需要大量的纹理数据,对于资源受限的移动终端,意味着巨大的网络流量和电量消耗,成为制约城市可视化技术在移动终端应用的瓶颈。提出一种多级纹理细节的立方体全景纹理再现技术(LOD-in-IBR)。根据人眼视觉系统信息选择策略中对场景各区域关注度存在的差异,用较低分辨率的纹理数据再现关注度较低的区域,从而减少所需的纹理数据,降低移动终端的资源消耗。场景各区域用图像纹理的信息熵进行区分,按照信息熵的大小对场景各区域分类,不同类别的纹理采用不同的分辨率进行再现,使之达到全景图像的同层次多级细节。对于缩小(分辨率降低)比例小于0.5以上的部分所产生的块效应,用双三次迭代插值算法进行优化。实验证明该方法在不引起视觉感知变化的条件下,再现所需的纹理数据减少30%,全景平均渲染时间减少30%。     

面向移动终端的三维模型简化与碰撞检测方法研究

移动终端三维场景的绘制与漫游由于其庞大的模型数据量和复杂的外观形态使得实现清晰的场景快速绘制十分困难。为了加快模型的绘制,提出了一种面向移动终端的三维模型的简化与碰撞检测方法,以优化绘制过程。该方法通过二次测量误差半边折叠算法来简化三维模型,并利用八叉树技术对不能显示在屏幕中的场景进行剔除,从而实现三维场景的快速读取、组织和绘制。针对移动设备的屏幕尺寸以及计算能力等限制,实现了适用于移动平台的碰撞检测算法,减少了计算量。实验结果表明,该方法能有效地简化模型,并提高绘制效率,同时减少碰撞检测的计算时间,因而可应用于三维场景的快速逼真绘制。     

细节保护的流体表面绘制方法

为了在流体仿真中实现逼真的可视化效果,有效地保护流体表面细节,提出一种面向粒子流体的表面绘制方法.首先定义了一个自适应标量场计算模型,用自适应的椭球型核函数取代传统的球型核函数,并通过约束校正的方法获得自适应的粒子半径;为了降低内存消耗,提出表面粒子提取方法,根据粒子的数量自动计算网格的分辨率,并仅在接近表面的粒子上生成标量场;在绘制阶段,将场景中物体的几何绘制与光照计算解耦和,在着色中采用屏幕空间的折射与焦散方法.实验结果表明,在不同规模的粒子流体场景中,该方法都具有很好的可视化效果和性能.     

体视化中LOD技术思想的应用与实现

在真实感图形学研究中,复杂模型的实时绘制与动态显示是研究的热点之一.细节层次是实时图形生成的一项重要技术.细节层次模型是指对同一个场景或场景中的物体,使用具有不同细节的方法得到一组模型,供绘制时使用.建立细节层次模型能很有效地降低数据量和复杂度,实现三维场景的实时处理.针对光线投射绘制算法图像质量高,但是速度较慢的特点,提出将LOD技术思想引入到光线投射算法以改善图像体绘制时的交互性能,该方法为以后在地形可视化、虚拟现实等领域的应用提供了理论依据.     

基于移动增强现实的实时软阴影绘制算法

由于移动设备的计算能力和存储空间有限,基于移动终端的光照估计和实时软阴影绘制技术和研究很少,提出一种适用于移动增强现实的实时软阴影绘制算法。根据移动终端光线传感器的数值来计算光源的方向,得到模拟的点光源,在该点光源附近均匀采样得到多个虚拟光源,叠加每个虚拟光源产生的阴影效果,实时绘制出软阴影。实验结果表明,在保证移动终端良好的虚实融合效果的情况下,采用该算法具有良好的实时性,为移动终端软阴影的绘制提供了有效的解决方法。     

面向移动终端的分布并行化渲染

目的 随着移动互联技术和实时渲染技术的快速发展,面向移动终端的3维展示提供了远程交互式的模型渲染,但较高的渲染计算复杂度与较大的数据处理规模,影响了移动终端3维展示的渲染质量和实时性。针对以上不足,提出一种面向移动终端的分布并行化渲染方法。方法 该方法将渲染任务分布到服务端与终端,服务端采用层次细节模型控制场景复杂度,生成初次渲染图像;终端采用基于图像的渲染技术再次绘制图像,提高渲染质量,同时在渲染过程中利用CUDA(compute unified device architecture)并行计算加速渲染数据处理。结果 本方法有效提高了渲染速度,降低了数据传输量,并保证了图像质量,帧率和数据传输量优化了大约10.8%。结论 本文方法为面向移动终端的3维展示提供了很好的解决途径,在移动网络环境中,能够有效降低服务端负载压力,提高资源利用率并改善用户体验。     

基于UML的移动终端软件自动化测试用例建模

以移动终端软件测试为例,依据统一建模语言(Unified Modeling Language,UML),利用建模工具和UML模型图,给出了一种生成测试用例的方法。该方法能直观地创建自动化测试用例方案模型,尽可能多地生成测试用例场景,从而加大了测试用例的隐含故障覆盖率,并能为移动终端的自动化测试工具提供有效的配置参数。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.