基于HDFS的云存储安全技术分析

现阶段云存储技术普遍出现数据丢失与数据窃取等各种安全问题,结合HDFS数据完整性校验体系的技术特点,研究一种在HDFS基础上的数据传输存储技术的实现方案。对系统用户上传到HDFS中的数据文件进行AES加密处理,文件通过密文的方式实现存储目的,同时使用RSA算法确保AES密钥的安全性能,能够有效地避免在数据的传输与存储过程中丢失与被盗。HDFS的存储格式主要分为文件密文与文件明文两种类型,用户能够根据实际需求自主选择是否需要加密处理。     

云存储安全技术研究进展综述

云存储服务涉及大量的用户隐私数 据,因此其安全性和隐私性至关重要。为此,本文针对云存储的重复数据删除、隐藏存储、 数据加密与密文搜索以及数据完整性审计４个方面,介绍当前云存储安全技术研究的进 展, 并探讨提高商业云存储系统的安 全性和隐私性的未来研究方向。 其中,云存储的可重复数据删除技术旨在同时对抗文件识别攻击等多种攻击,减少额外 服务器开支,并提高用户收益。隐藏存储技术采用模块化结构和异步机制等方法降低 云存储系统的计算量,并提高其安全性和可扩展性。云存储的数据加密和密文搜索在传统加 密的基础上,基于密文策略属性的加密技术实现,提供密文搜索,防止用户身份隐私的泄露 。数据完整性审计系统针对用户密钥泄露等安全问题,旨在为用户提供安全、高效和支持审 计的存储服务。     

区块链中匿名属性验证可搜索加密方案

为保护数据用户属性隐私,防止属性隐私泄露,提出一种属性基可搜索加密算法。利用对称加密算法对数据拥有者信息进行加密并将加密后的信息上传到星际文件系统;使用属性基可搜索加密算法对数据关键字进行加密并将加密结果上传到区块链中,实现数据密文和关键字密文的分布式存储;使用智能合约实现关键字安全搜索,避免云服务器返回不相关搜索结果。方案的安全性是基于Diffie-Hellman困难性假设,理论分析和实验结果表明,该方案具有较好的用户隐私保护效果和计算开销。     

加密电子病历数据共享方案

为了实现电子病历数据的细粒度访问控制以及安全存储与共享,提出了一种基于属性的云链协同存储的电子病历共享方案。该方案用对称加密算法加密电子病历,用基于密文策略的属性基加密算法加密对称密钥,用可搜索加密算法加密关键字。电子病历密文存储在医疗云上,安全索引存储在联盟链上。该方案使用可搜索加密技术实现关键字的安全搜索,使用代理重加密技术实现用户属性的撤销。经安全性证明,该方案能够实现密文的安全性和关键字的安全性。数值模拟实验结果表明,该方案是有效的。     

基于安全三方计算的密文策略加密方案

针对现有密文策略属性加密方案存在用户密钥易泄露的问题,提出一种基于安全三方计算协议的密文策略方案。通过属性授权中心、云数据存储中心及用户之间进行安全三方计算构建无代理密钥发布协议,使用户端拥有生成完整密钥所必需的子密钥。安全分析表明,该方案能够有效消除单密钥生成中心及用户密钥在传输给用户过程中易泄露所带来的威胁,增强用户密钥的安全性。     

云环境下基于属性策略隐藏的可搜索加密方案

基于属性的可搜索加密技术可以实现对数据的细粒度访问控制,但现有的可搜索加密方案,关键字的搜索、访问控制、文件加密基本上是分别执行的,导致攻击者可能跳过访问策略直接进行关键字索引匹配或文件解密;其次,现有方案中数据拥有者需将加密文件的密钥以安全通道传给用户,增加了数据拥有者的开销;此外,大多基于树型的访问控制策略是公开的,容易造成隐私泄露。因此,基于线性秘密分享（LSSS,linear secret sharing schemes）访问结构,提出了一种云环境下基于属性策略隐藏的可搜索加密方案。通过将策略秘密值嵌入关键字加密与文件存储加密,实现访问控制、关键字搜索与文件加密的有机结合;通过聚合密钥技术实现用户无须与数据拥有者交互,即可对文件进行解密的功能,减轻了密钥管理的负担,存储空间提高约30%。实验结果及安全性分析表明,所提方案具有数据存储的安全性、访问策略的隐私性、陷门的不可连接性等功能,具有较高的密文检索效率,与已有主流方案相比,检索效率提高至20%以上。     

一种可抵抗关键词猜测攻击的动态非对称可搜索加密方案

密文搜索可以用于保护用户存储在云端的文件,防止隐私的泄露,允许用户在不泄露明文信息的情况下进行搜索,根据使用密钥体制的不同,可分为对称可搜索加密和非对称可搜索加密.但是现有大多数的PEKS方案的索引构造都是基于文件-关键词对,每次搜索都需要遍历所有文件,这会使方案的搜索效率较为低下,并且现有的PEKS方案大都只支持静态...     

支持关键字更新的基于属性可搜索加密方案

针对云存储环境中重要通知、广播消息、数据共享等敏感性较高的数据访问控制需求,提出和设计出一种适用于云存储环境支持关键字更新的可搜索加密方案。方案中的文件明文采用基于属性的加密算法,可以实现文件密文只加密一次就可被多个用户私钥搜索,避免了针对不同用户数据拥有者需要多次加密的问题,降低了网络开销。但是现有的基于属性的可搜索加密方案无法实现文件索引的更新,针对此问题,采用带计数器的布隆过滤器对文件关键字进行处理,能够允许用户在索引密文中添加或者删除关键字,实现文件索引的动态更新,提高了检索效率。给出方案的正确性分析、安全分析以及效率分析。分析结果表明:文件索引和陷门经过带计数器的布隆过滤器并进行向量加密后,的确能够实现增加和删除关键字;采用对称加密的思想对文件和索引进行加密后,明文和索引也都是安全的;通过与其他方案的计算量和适应性对比,可以发现方案的计算量较低,适应性强。     

支持恶意用户追踪的属性基云数据共享方案

云存储服务为互联网用户提供了更加灵活、可扩展的外包数据访问,获得学术界和工业界的关注.为防止用户数据被泄露到开放的网络中,数据所有者往往选择先将数据加密再上传到云存储服务器.与传统加密方式相比,属性基加密为云端加密数据提供更细粒度的数据访问控制机制,可实现“一对多”的访问策略模式.然而,传统属性基加密系统不具备同时“追踪”泄露解密密钥以及制造解密黑盒恶意用户的能力.本文重点研究在云存储服务的数据共享机制中部署密文策略属性基加密时出现的解密权限泄露问题.本文将白盒可追踪性和黑盒可追踪性作为一个整体集成到传统的密文策略属性基加密中,并提供两种追踪机制:白盒追踪机制和黑盒追踪机制.若泄露的解密权限为解密密钥,则可利用白盒追踪;若泄露的解密权限为解密设备,则需要利用黑盒追踪.本文所提出系统的主要特点包括:(1)云共享数据的授权访问.数据所有者的文件被加密并存储到云服务器上,满足指定访问策略的授权用户才能访问文件;(2)白盒可追踪性.若恶意内部人员故意泄露其解密密钥,则可基于白盒追踪机制执行追踪;(3)黑盒可追踪性.若泄露解密设备并被发现,则可通过黑盒追踪机制捕获共同构造该设备的恶意内部人员;(...     

适用于云存储的可更新签密算法

云存储具有支持远程分布式实时访问、管理成本低和存储资源可动态扩展等优点,可以为用户提供高效便捷的存储、计算和共享服务.由于云存储密文的静态性特征,一旦密钥泄露将会导致整个数据泄露,所以密钥泄露成为影响数据安全性的重要因素.可更新加密是解决密钥泄露问题的有效方法之一,客户只需要提供更新令牌给云服务提供商,它就能将旧密钥下的密文更新得到新密钥下的密文.但现有可更新加密算法多关注对称密码环境下的数据机密性问题,不仅没有考虑非对称场景,而且无法提供数据完整性保护.当数据外包给不完全可信的云服务提供商(例如云邮箱)时,为实现完整性和认证性,本文提出了可更新签密的概念,搭建了安全模型,并基于BLS短签名和ElGamal加密构造出一个双用户模型下的密文独立的可更新签密算法.该算法既能实现数据的机密性和完整性,又能支持密文和密钥的更新,从而能抵抗密钥泄露攻击.最后,基于计算Diffie-Hellman问题困难假设和判定Diffie-Hellman问题困难假设,证明了该算法具有良好的密文不可区分性、更新不可链接性以及数据完整性.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。