基于八叉树空间分割的NURBS曲面重构方法

对三维模型和点云曲面重构方法进行深入研究,根据应用特点提出八叉树空间分割和N U RBS曲面重构方法。利用八叉树的快速收敛特性对三维实体的点云数据进行分割、精简,采用N U RBS方法对局部网格曲面进行重构;采用八叉树和四叉树相混合的数据结构,渐进地进行网格曲面的重构。存储结构采用扩展式八叉树结构,编码采用8进制前缀编码方法。利用O penG L设计一个实验模型系统验证了该算法的可行性和有效性。     

大规模点云选择及精简

点云选择与精简是三维扫描系统中应对背景数据、冗余采样、分布不均匀 等问题的必要后处理步骤。针对定制低成本三维扫描系统的需求,传统方法仍有很多局限性。 这是由于研究领域未提供支持套索UI 接口的点云选择算法;传统点云精简方法侧重曲率自 适应分布,无法保证平坦区域的均衡分布。论文提出一种支持套索UI 接口的点云选择算法, 通过构建套索形状矩形覆盖与点云八叉树剔除大部分点在多边形内的判断;提出一种基于 Poisson-disk 采样的均衡分布的点云精简算法,并以采样点邻域球布尔交运算来定义曲面上 的圆盘半径度量,具有保持尖锐边特征及边界的性质。实验结果表明,论文方法能够较好满 足低成本三维扫描系统中点云删减处理的需求。     

基于改进四叉树的LiDAR点云数据组织研究

分析了点云数据处理中常用数据组织方法,并指出方法的性能判定指标。对常用的构建四叉树方法进行了改进以提高建立四叉树索引的速度,分析及改进索引算法改进以增进数据筛选的速度,最后通过实验证明了该方法的有效性和可靠性。     

基于Z曲线和八叉树的高效Hausdorff距离计算方法

为提高计算点云模型之间Hausdorff距离(HD距离)的效率,提出基于Z曲线和八叉树的Hausdorff距离计算方法.首先利用Z曲线和八叉树实现点云模型预处理;然后在八叉树结构中定义了2类邻居(邻居点和邻居节点),并提出基于八叉树的局部搜索,以某一个叶子节点作为搜索的起点,递归地搜索其邻居直到根节点;最后结合模型预处理和局部搜索,给出了算法的实现细节.针对三维高斯随机数据和点云模型进行大量实验,并与经典方法进行对比,结果验证了文中方法的高效性.     

点云数据在深度学习中表示方法的研究

为了实现在深度学习中能够端到端表示点云模型,提出基于八叉树和K-D树（OctKD）的点云数据表示方法。该方法将无组织的点云转换为体素空间,在体素空间对三维模型进行八叉树剖分,改进了八叉树编码方式;构建节点间的邻接关系,在GPU端并行构建八叉树;为了克服八叉树编码检索效率低的问题,采用三维K-D树索引单个三维空间点。实验结果表明该方法能够真实反映模型本身的细节特征,提高了点云模型的构造时间和检索效率。这种新的数据结构实现将点云转换为卷积神经网络可以接收的数据形式。     

基于深度学习的大规模三维点云处理综述

随着三维视觉的快速发展, 基于深度学习的大规模三维点云实时处理成为研究热点. 以三维空间分布无序的大规模三维点云为背景, 综合分析介绍并对比深度学习实时处理三维视觉问题的最新进展, 对点云分割、形状分类、目标检测等方面算法优势与不足进行详细分析, 给出详细的性能分析与优劣对比, 并对点云常用数据集进行简要介绍, 并给出不同数据集的算法性能对比. 最后, 指出未来在基于深度学习方法处理三维点云问题上的研究方向.     

基于保特征无参数投影的快速几何重建

为了使现有的无参数化投影算法拥有更好的保特征能力,提出一种保特征的基于无参数投影的点模型几何重建算法.首先,提出一个结合联合双边滤波器的局部优化投影算子,并利用点集的空间信息和几何特征信息,有效地保持了几何模型的特征;进一步,使用八叉树剖分技术对算法进行加速,为处理大规模点云提供了支撑;此外,还给出了自适应局部支撑的计算方法.实验结果表明,文中算法比无参数化投影算法保特征、速度快.     

基于距离视图表示与逐点细化结合的点云语义分割方法

三维点云语义分割是机器实现环境感知的重要途径。在现有的研究中,基于体素的算法和基于点的算法在面对大规模的点云数据时计算效率低下。而基于距离视图的算法,在对点云进行投影和反投影时会不可避免地造成精度损失。针对上述问题,提出了基于距离视图表示与逐点细化结合的点云语义分割新框架RPNet。充分的实验表明,所提出的方法在三维点云室外场景数据集SemanticKITTI上的平均交并比达到64.2%,推理速度达到58帧/秒,兼顾了高精度和高速度。     

大规模三维云实时模拟方法

针对虚拟环境中大规模三维云渲染开销大的问题,提出一种大规模三维云实时模拟方法.在云建模方面,利用Navier-Stokes流体力学公式模拟云的动态生成,提出一种基于八叉树的模型化简策略,减少了云模型粒子数;在渲染阶段,提出一种基于Cell的绘制更新策略,结合Impostor技术自动混合绘制三维云与Impostor,实现了大规模三维云的实时模拟.实验结果表明,该方法基于物理的方法模拟云,同时在绘制阶段根据视点的移动实时更新,效果逼真;与同类方法相比,基于Cell的绘制策略更新时计算量更小,有效地避免了绘制更新时常见的抖动和跳变问题.     

四叉树高效Delaunay三角网生成算法

实现了一种以地形为应用背景的大规模离散点快速生成TIN的算法,该算法首先对大规模离散点按一定的阈值进行四叉树分割,然后对四叉树的每个叶子块分别以凸壳技术构三角网,而后再自底向上合并具有相同父亲节点的块,最后进行全局优化,生成Delaunay三角网.经实际地形数据验证结果表明：同样的算法,采用四叉树分块比采用平均分块策略有着更高的执行效率.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.