共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 359 毫秒
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从理论和应用研究两方面较为全面地综述了双极膜电渗析技术在近些年的发展,阐述了双极膜中水解离、水迁移、离子迁移以及双极膜电渗析过程等理论研究。介绍了它在饮用水及纯水的制备、食品工业和化学工业及其他领域中的应用。双极膜电渗析技术在优化传统工艺过程和新的工业过程中发挥独到的作用,它的出现改变了传统工艺分离和制备过程,为解决环境化工,生物,海洋化工等领域中的技术难题注入新的生机和活力。同时为解决人类面临的环境,资源,能源的问题提供了有效手段。 相似文献
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总结了液流电池多孔膜材料的研究进展。详细介绍了液流电池多孔膜材料的工作机理、制备方法、性能优化方法等。结合目前大规模储能领域以及液流电池开发,提出了未来多孔膜材料的发展方向。 相似文献
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双极膜作为一种新型复合离子交换膜,以其独特的优点,为化工、环境科学和能源利用等领域中存在已久的诸多技术难题提供了新的思路和解决办法。目前,国内外关于双极膜的研究主要集中于通过对膜材料和中间层的改性以促进双极膜的水解离,提高双极膜离子交换能力和降低能耗等方面。本文介绍了热压成型法、黏合成型法、流延成型法,含浸法等双极膜制备方法的原理、特点、应用实例和新进展,并对比分析了各种方法的优势和存在的不足。同时,从膜材料改性和中间层改性两个方面对近年来双极膜的改性研究进行了重点讨论。最后指出,国内多数双极膜的制备仍处于实验研究阶段,将接枝、共混、离子辐射等膜材料改性方法应用于双极膜的制备中,同时寻找亲水性好、耐高温性能好的基膜材料将是双极膜制备领域的重要方向。 相似文献
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电去离子(EDI)及其衍生过程近年来在脱盐、离子浓缩和化工产品的新颖制备等领域日渐重要,但在离子交换膜"膜-液"界面的水解离这一核心机理研究方面仍有诸多不足。对EDI过程中阴离子交换膜的降解及其对水解离的影响进行了实验研究和总结分析。首先通过对阴离子交换膜的选择透过率、交换容量和电导率的测定,以及红外光谱分析确认了EDI过程中存在季铵型强碱性阴离子膜的部分叔胺化降解行为。进一步通过对EDI过程特征曲线等过程宏观特性的对比研究,证明了季铵型阴离子交换膜的降解对阴离子交换膜"膜-液"界面层的水解离具有催化效应。为EDI过程的进一步优化设计,实现具有可控水解离的电驱动膜过程奠定了良好基础。 相似文献
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具有高离子选择性和高电导率的离子传导膜对于以新能源为主体的新型电力系统(如液流电池、燃料电池、锂电池等)至关重要。近年来,研究者们提出了构建多孔离子传导膜以应对传统隔膜普遍存在的离子选择性和电导率之间的权衡效应。本综述从无机多孔离子传导膜、有机多孔离子传导膜以及多孔离子传导复合膜三个方面简要概述了近年来多孔离子传导膜作为电池隔膜的最新研究进展,总结了多孔离子传导膜在液流电池、燃料电池、锂电池等新能源电池中的前沿性工作,并指出未来多孔离子传导电池隔膜的研究将重点关注多孔膜结构的调控、高性能多孔膜材料的开发以及多孔膜在新型电池中的应用。 相似文献
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Overcharge protection is not only critical for preventing the thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries during operation, but also important for automatic capacity balancing during battery manufacturing and repair. A redox shuttle is an electrolyte additive that can be used as intrinsic overcharge protection mechanism to enhance the safety characteristics of lithium-ion batteries. The advances on stable redox shuttles are briefly reviewed. Fundamental studies for designing stable redox shuttles are also discussed. 相似文献
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过氧化氢在环境保护方面的应用 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
介绍了过氧化氢在环境保护方面的应用:可用于三废处理,尤其用于处理含硫化物、氰化物、酚类及染料等的废水;还大量用于纸浆漂白、织物漂白、取代污染环境的氯漂;在化学品合成中,可作为绿色氧化剂制备环氧丙烷、己内酰胺等多种产品,取代传统的老工艺,减少环境污染;还作为绿色消毒剂,用于饮用水、物体表面及环境空间等消毒灭菌。近年来高浓度过氧化氢作为绿色液体化学推进剂的应用,已引起国内外的关注,期望它能在将来的航天工程中部分取代通用的高毒推进剂。 相似文献
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Jun Liu Junping Hu Qi Deng Jun Mo Hao Xie Zaichun Liu Yuanfu Xiong Xiongwei Wu Yuping Wu 《Israel journal of chemistry》2015,55(5):521-536
The depletion of fossil fuels and environmental pollution provide an increasing requirement for rechargeable batteries with high energy densities, high efficiency, and excellent cycling performance. Aqueous rechargeable batteries (ARBs), with the merits of safety, low-cost, super-fast charge-discharge ability, and environmental friendliness, are one of the most competitive technologies for large-scale energy systems. Recently, extensive efforts have been dedicated to enhancing their electrochemical performance, and great breakthroughs have been achieved, especially for aqueous rechargeable lithium batteries (ARLBs), including three generations of ARLBs, aqueous rechargeable sodium batteries (ARSBs), and redox flow batteries (RFBs). Herein, the latest advances on their critical components are reviewed, and challenges and further directions are also pointed out. 相似文献
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S. Bebelis K. Bouzek A. Cornell M.G.S. Ferreira G.H. Kelsall F. Lapicque C. Ponce de León M.A. Rodrigo F.C. Walsh 《Chemical Engineering Research and Design》2013
Over the last century, electrochemical engineering has contributed significantly to societal progress by enabling development of industrial processes for manufacturing chemicals, such as chlorine and the Nylon precursor adiponitrile, as well as a wide range of metals including aluminium and zinc. In 2011, ca. 17 M tonne Cu p.a. was electro-refined to 99.99%+ purity required by electrical and electronic engineering applications, such as for electrodepositing with exquisite resolution multi-layer inter-connections in microprocessors. Surface engineering is widely practised industrially e.g. to protect steels against corrosion e.g. by electroplating nickel or using more recent novel self-healing coatings. Complex shapes of hard alloys that are difficult to machine can be fabricated by selective dissolution in electrochemical machining processes. Electric fields can be used to drive desalination of brackish water for urban supplies and irrigation by electrodialysis with ion-permeable membranes; such fields can also be used in electrokinetic soil remediation processes. Rising concerns about the consequences of CO2 emissions has led to the rapidly increasing development and deployment of renewable energy systems, the intermittency of which can be mitigated by energy storage in e.g. redox flow batteries for stationary storage and novel lithium batteries with increased specific energies for powering electric vehicles, or when economically viable, in electrolyser-fuel cells. The interface between electrochemical technology and biotechnology is also developing rapidly, with applications such as microbial fuel cells. 相似文献
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Moreno Daniel Thompson Jesse Omosebi Ayokunle Landon James Liu Kunlei 《Journal of Applied Electrochemistry》2022,52(11):1573-1584
Journal of Applied Electrochemistry - Charge carriers have been studied for use in applications such as fuel cells, redox flow batteries, and electrochemical CO2 reactors for conversion to... 相似文献
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超临界水氧化技术是近年来发展起来的一门高新技术,在环境保护方面具有广阔的应用前景.利用它可以将废水中的有机污染物快速分解为无害的无机小分子物质,如CO2、H2O等。作者介绍了超临界水的性质和超临界水氧化法的原理、优点及工艺流程,论述了该技术在工业上的应用现状、发展前景与发展趋势,并对超临界水氧化在应用过程中可能出现的问题进行了讨论。 相似文献