微生物燃料电池高效产电的研究进展

结合微生物燃料电池研究进展,从提高微生物燃料电池的产电性能出发,讨论了目前微生物燃料电池发展的主要限制因素和应用前景。对影响微生物燃料电池产电性能的4个主要影响因素,电池构型、阳极室(电活性微生物、阳极材料)、阴极室(电子受体、催化剂)、阴阳极分隔材料进行了分析。认为目前对于低成本的电极材料和构型的扩大研究较少,微生物燃料电池由于其成本较高、产能较低,仍然难以进行实际的扩大应用。开发出低成本的电极材料和催化剂,并在实际应用中将其与其他水处理技术进行耦合应是是未来微生物燃料电池的研究重点。在此基础上,建立和优化微生物燃料电池数学模型,深入研究堆叠式微生物燃料电池产生的电压反转的原因也会对未来这一技术的改进提供可靠的帮助。     

微生物燃料电池的研究进展及发展趋势探讨

微生物燃料电池是将废水中有机物的化学能转化为电能,在去除污染物的同时将产生的电能回收,实现了能量转化。本文系统介绍了微生物燃料电池的研究进展,在对微生物燃料电池的产电微生物、电极材料、微生物燃料电池的放大、微生物燃料电池的实际应用等方面总结的基础上,指出了微生物燃料电池研究的发展方向,其中筛选改造产电微生物对不同底物的耐受性和适应性、开发廉价高效的电极材料、构造大型微生物燃料电池堆以及微生物电化学物质合成等是未来研究的重点。     

基于膜电极的质子交换膜微生物燃料电池

通过采用传统电化学燃料电池的技术和材料,以寻求提高微生物燃料电池的电流密度,制作基于膜电极的微生物燃料电池。通过构建温控压力机,制作了一系列膜电极(MEA),并对作为正极的多种碳材料进行了筛选。使用定制的玻璃微生物燃料电池来放置膜电极和培养Geobacter sulfurreducens,对产生的电流进行评价。细胞的生长以乙醇为唯一碳源,因而代表了一种新型的乙醇/氧气燃料电池。相比以前的设计,基于膜电极的微生物燃料电池的电极表面每个单位会多产生出100倍的电流,并且可以被长久使用。     

微生物燃料电池的研究应用进展

微生物燃料电池是利用微生物作为催化剂,氧化分解生物质同时输出电能的一种新装置,因其可将生物质中化学能直接转化为电能,可获得更高的能量转化效率,是未来缓解能源和环境问题的有效途径,引起了科研工作者的广泛关注。本文结合近几年微生物燃料电池的发展,综述了产电微生物种类、电池材料及其改性、反应器的放大以及微生物燃料电池应用方面的研究进展,分析了该领域未来发展的主要方向及面临的问题,指出筛选和诱导产电菌对不同有机底物的耐受性,开发高效价廉的电极材料以及构建易于放大的电池模式,是微生物燃料电池未来研究的重点。在此基础上,应该着重于反应器放大,深入研究其在废水处理、产氢、微生物电化学合成以及传感器方面的应用,确定其实际应用的相关参数和模型,为微生物燃料电池早日实际应用打下坚实基础。     

微生物燃料电池阴极催化剂载体的研究进展

微生物燃料电池是在水处理领域中集污水处理与产电功能为一体的新技术。但其产电性能低与其制作成本高制约着微生物燃料电池向实用化发展。因此,提高阴极对氧还原的电化学活性和降低阴极催化剂的制备成本是微生物燃料电池的研究重点之一。本文综述了近年来微生物燃料电池中非生物阴极氧还原催化剂载体的最新研究进展。重点讨论了石墨烯、碳纳米管、碳基材料等作为催化剂载体的种类、电催化性能、催化剂的负载方法以及存在的问题等。其中,经高温加硝酸处理后的碳基材料表面活性提高、导电能力增强,且价格低廉,有望成为微生物燃料电池非生物阴极催化剂载体的推广使用。为开发高效能、低成本的微生物燃料电池非生物阴极提供理论指导。     

微生物燃料电池应用及性能优化研究进展

微生物燃料电池作为新型微生物传感器,既能降解水中污染物也可以通过微生物产电输出电能。通常将污染物降解效率和产电功率作为衡量燃料电池性能好坏的重要参数,反应器构型是影响微生物燃料电池产电性能与降解效果的关键。归纳了光电极微生物燃料电池、自分层微生物燃料电池和人工湿地-微生物燃料电池这3种构型的反应器机理及对废水的适用性,总结了电极材料、电子介体、分隔膜材料等因素对燃料电池产电性能影响的研究进展。     

新型复合纳米材料用于微生物燃料电池研究进展

介绍了碳纳米管、石墨烯及二氧化钛等新型复合纳米材料的特性和结构,简述了新型复合纳米材料部分制备方法。通过分析不同材料作为微生物燃料电池电极的性能,对未来微生物燃料电池电极材料提出展望。认为微生物燃料电池是一种新兴的废水处理与产电技术,完善电极材料的设计及制备是提高其性能最有效的方法之一。指出新兴复合纳米材料在微生物燃料电池中的方向应更具有针对性的水质,今后的发展方向和研究重点是微生物燃料电池的规模化、复合纳米材料的经济性、稳定性以及生物相容性等。     

M-N-C阴极催化剂的制备及其在微生物燃料电池中的应用

以聚苯胺和硝酸盐为前驱体,采用热处理法制备了M-N-C（M=Fe,Co）材料,并将其作为厌氧流化床微生物燃料电池（AFBMFC）阴极催化剂。通过X射线衍射（XRD）、红外光谱（FTIR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对催化剂进行晶型结构和表面形貌的表征。采用循环伏安法（CV）对催化剂的电化学性能进行考察,并应用于AFBMFC,考察了其对电池产电性能的影响。结果表明,使用Fe-N-C催化剂的微生物燃料电池稳定运行时,开路电压达到636.0 mV,功率密度达到166.82 mW·m^-2,比使用Pt/C催化剂的微生物燃料电池的功率密度提高10%。表明Fe-N-C催化剂用做微生物燃料电池阴极催化剂具有潜在的应用前景。     

M-N-C阴极催化剂的制备及其在微生物燃料电池中的应用

以聚苯胺和硝酸盐为前驱体,采用热处理法制备了M-N-C(M=Fe,Co)材料,并将其作为厌氧流化床微生物燃料电池(AFBMFC)阴极催化剂。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对催化剂进行晶型结构和表面形貌的表征。采用循环伏安法(CV)对催化剂的电化学性能进行考察,并应用于AFBMFC,考察了其对电池产电性能的影响。结果表明,使用Fe-N-C催化剂的微生物燃料电池稳定运行时,开路电压达到636.0 mV,功率密度达到166.82 mW·m-2,比使用Pt/C催化剂的微生物燃料电池的功率密度提高10%。表明Fe-N-C催化剂用做微生物燃料电池阴极催化剂具有潜在的应用前景。     

石墨烯修饰微生物燃料电池降解十二烷基磺酸钠

以十二烷基磺酸钠为阳极电子供体,同时以石墨烯为催化剂对电极进行修饰。将修饰前后微生物燃料电池的产电性能和十二烷基磺酸钠的降解情况进行对比,经过修饰的电极装置产电效率明显增大,最大电压增加了1倍,并使十二烷基磺酸钠的降解率从49.85%提高到65.11%。这说明用石墨烯修饰后的微生物燃料电池在稳定产电的同时降解十二烷基磺酸钠是可行的,为废水中阴离子表面活性剂的去除提供了新的方法与研究方向。     

Recent Advances in Microbial Fuel Cells Integrated with Sludge Treatment

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs), which can directly convert chemical energy in organic matters into electricity, have drawn a lot of attention in the past decades. Recently, MFCs have been integrated with waste‐activated sludge (WAS) treatment for recovering energy from WAS. Since 2004, a number of publications regarding this topic have been published. The recent advances in MFCs powered by WAS are critically reviewed. MFC reactor designs, MFC performances, and sludge degradation efficiencies are addressed based on the recent related publications. The challenges and corresponding enhancement measures of MFCs using WAS as fuel are also discussed.     

微生物燃料电池中碳材料改性阳极和碳基复合材料阳极的最新研究进展

微生物燃料电池(MFC)是一种利用微生物的代谢作用将化学能转化为电能的新技术,近年来受到广泛关注。文章综述了MFC阳极碳材料改性和优化的最新研究成果,介绍了碳材料改性阳极和碳基复合材料阳极的种类、理化特性、产电性能及其在MFC中的应用。     

自支撑活化三维分级多孔碳阳极的制备及其在MFCs的应用

微生物燃料电池是一种可以从污水中直接回收能量的新型装置。然而,还有很多问题限制了它的广泛应用,其最大的困难在于输出功率密度低。阳极材料对于提高其功率密度和能量转换效率非常重要。本文基于生物质原料,利用化学试剂活化结合热处理,制备得到了一系列具有分级孔结构的自支撑活化三维碳基阳极。这种自支撑三维阳极具有优异的导电性、良好的电化学活性、出色的传质扩散以及优良的微生物相容性。其中,6mol/L KOH溶液处理得到的三维阳极具有最优的电化学活性和最佳功率输出,其最大功率密度高达121.45W/m³,是处理前的1.8倍。此研究为构筑高效功能三维碳基MFCs电极材料提供新思路和新方法。     

Multilayered hollow polyelectrolyte capsules improved performances in microbial fuel cells (MFCs)

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are bioelectronics devices that can directly convert the chemical energy from organic matter to electricity from the catalytic activity of living microorganisms. A number of factors influence the performance of MFCs, such as anode materials and surface structure. In this paper, α-Fe₂O₃ nanorods were used as shell material to fabricate multilayered hollow polyelectrolyte capsules based on a layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. The capsules were used as anode materials in MFCs, which can enlarge the contacting area between the bacteria and the anode. According to the results, this modification strategy produced a higher level of electricity output compared with the bare anode method, and the MFC with the two-bilayer film anode produced a much higher current level, which is consistent with our previous report. In addition, the quantity of bacteria attached to the (PAH/PSS)₄/(PAH/Fe₂O₃)₂/PAH/ITO electrode was much greater than with the other methods. The electrode modified with the hollow capsules is promising for the development of MFCs in the future.     

Microbial fuel cells come of age

OVERVIEW: Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are an emerging technology which directly converts chemical energy stored in organic matter to electricity. Driven by the increasing concern over the energy–climate crisis and environment pollution, MFCs have been developed rapidly in the past decade. Currently, MFCs are making the challenging step from laboratory to practical application. This paper focuses on MFC patents and the applications of MFCs. IMPACT: MFCs make it possible to directly exploit bio‐electricity from organic wastes with a higher energy transforming efficiency than other traditional technologies. The wide application of MFCs will significantly reduce the energy dependence on fossil fuel as well as the relative problems of climate and environmental pollution. APPLICATIONS: MFCs have been deployed in various practical environments, such as wastewater treatment plants, seafloor, etc. The electricity generated by MFCs has been used to charge low power devices. More applications have been funded or are to be undertaken. The successful pilot applications of MFCs promise a bright future for this technology. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

利用藻类构建微生物燃料电池研究进展

随着全球能源短缺及环境恶化的进一步加剧,寻找可持续发展的绿色新能源技术成为各国关注的焦点,利用藻类构建的微生物燃料电池（MFCs）作为一种新兴的可持续发展技术,真正做到节能环保,一举多得。本文综述了利用藻类构建MFCs的研究现状,以藻类在微生物电池中的不同作用为出发点,介绍了以藻类为阳极基质、阳极及阴极时电池的工作机理,结合不同类型电池对藻种的选择情况,阐述了藻类构建MFCs的产电效果,回顾了藻类构建MFCs对水体污染物的去除效能,分析了影响MFCs产电效能的主要环境因素,并从经济效益、产业化、产电效率几个方面对目前藻类构建MFCs存在的问题进行了总结,同时对后期的研究进行了展望,以期为日后利用藻类构建MFCs的研究与实际工程提供理论参考。     

A microbial fuel cell using manganese oxide oxygen reduction catalysts

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are a potential method for enhanced water and waste treatment, which offer the additional benefit of energy generation. Manganese oxide was prepared by a simple chemical oxidation using potassium permanganate. Carbon-supported manganese oxide nanoparticles were successfully characterised as cathode materials for MFCs. The manganese oxide particles when used in a two-chamber MFC, using inoculum from an anaerobically digested sewage sludge, were found to exhibit similar oxygen reduction performance to that in separate electrochemical tests. MFC tests were conducted in a simple two chamber cell using aqueous air-saturated catholytes separated from the anode chamber by a Nafion membrane. MFC peak power densities were ca. 161 mW m^?2 for MnO _x /C compared to 193 mW m^?2 for a benchmark Pt/C, in neutral solution at room temperature. The catalyst materials demonstrated good stability in the 7.0–10.0 pH range. Theoretical (IR free) peak power densities were 937 mW m^?2 for MnO _x /C compared with 1037 mW m^?2 for Pt/C in the same experimental conditions: showing the MFCs performances can easily be improved by using more favourable conditions (more conductive electrolyte, improved cathode catalyst etc.). Our studies indicated that the use of our low cost MnO _x /C catalysts is of potential interest for the future application of MFC systems.     

Performance of non-porous graphite and titanium-based anodes in microbial fuel cells

Four non-porous materials were compared for their suitability as bio-anode in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). These materials were flat graphite, roughened graphite, Pt-coated titanium, and uncoated titanium. The materials were placed in four identical MFCs, of which the anode compartments were hydraulically connected in series, as well as the cathode compartments. The MFCs were operated with four resistors. The anode kinetics at these electrode materials were studied by means of dc-voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Both techniques were compared and showed that the bio-anode performance decreased in the order roughened graphite > Pt-coated titanium > flat graphite > uncoated titanium. Uncoated titanium was unsuitable as anode material. For the other three materials, specific surface area was not the single variable explaining the differences in current density for the different materials. All polarization curves showed a clear limiting current. This limit could not be attributed to mass transfer of the substrate and reflected the maximum biomass activity. The current density of the non-porous bio-anodes, except for the uncoated titanium anode, was comparable to the reported current densities of porous materials when normalized to the projected surface area. The high current densities that were recorded by dc-voltammetry, however, could not be maintained in a stable way for a longer period. This shows that polarization curves of MFCs should be evaluated critically.     

Transforming polymer blends into composites: a pathway towards nanostructured materials

Polymer blends and polymer‐based composites are two of the most rapidly developing groups of materials being of industrial, as well as of academic, interest. More than a decade ago a new group of polymer materials was introduced, which became known under the name ‘microfibrilar composites’ (MFCs). They were obtained by the transformation of blends of thermoplastic polymers into micro‐ or nanostructured systems by combination of appropriate mechanical and thermal treatments. Since then, the importance of these novel materials, both for theory and for engineering practice, has increased significantly. It is an objective of this review to outline the place of MFCs within the whole variety of polymer‐based composites. Furthermore, the methods of their preparation, the ways of investigating their structure and the relation of the structure and mechanical properties are discussed. Ultimately, an evaluation of the future trends in this exiting interdisciplinary research field is attempted. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

微生物燃料电池阳极产电微生物研究进展

微生物燃料电池（Microbial fuel cells,简称 MFCs）是一种生物电化学混合系统,利用微生物的氧化代谢作用将有机物或者无机物中的能量转化为电能,具有节能、减少污泥生成及能量转换的突出优势,目前得到研究者们的广泛关注。其中产电微生物是MFCs系统的核心组成部分,筛选及培养高效产电微生物对促进MFCs的产电性能具有重要作用。通过对产电微生物电子传递机制、产电微生物种类以及影响微生物产电的因素进行分析总结,综述了阳极产电微生物的最新研究进展,最后从微生物角度展望了未来的研究方向,以期为产电微生物在MFCs中的应用提供指导和支持。