Studies on induction hardening of gray iron and ductile iron

The effect of induction case hardening of a gray cast iron (FG 260) and SG iron (600/3) as a function of applied induction power has been studied. The influence of various operating parameters on the penetration depth has been analysed. The case depth as a function of applied power and the associated changes in microstructure has been investigated. The case depth of SG iron was found to be twice than the gray iron due to higher resistivity of the material and increase in depth of penetration. Both hardness and the depth of penetration increased with increase in applied power associated with martensitic case formation. The surface hardness of both the irons varies between 600 to 800 VHN. The core microstructure in both the irons displayed pearlitic matrix. In the case of SG iron, the nodule size, sphericity and nodularity have reduced in the induction hardened case compared to the core.     

Accounting for case manager effects in the evaluation of mental health services.

Three methods of accounting for case manager effects in tests of the efficacy of mental health services are explored. These methods include (1) treating the case manager as a fixed factor, (2) treating the case manager as a random factor, and (3) examining service effects within the case manager. They are demonstrated with data from a nationally known case management program serving individuals with serious and persistent mental illness. Specifically, 3 conceptually distinct types of services provided or brokered by case managers are identified: habilitation-rehabilitation, community support, and traditional psychiatric services. The effectiveness of each in improving clients' adjustment is then examined with multiple regression adjustment strategies and each of the 3 methods to account for case manager effects. The results provide strong support for effects attributable to case managers and some support for the efficacy of habilitation-rehabilitation and community support services beyond the effects of traditional psychiatric services. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Simulation of Case Depth of Cementation Steels According to Fick＇s Laws

 The carburizing process is the enrichment of the depth of low carbon steels with carbon. It leads to samples with a combination of high surface hardness and high core toughness and to an impact strength that is required for many engineering parts. The material studied is a low carbon steel. The carbon content is little in this type of steel (wC=0.2%). The calculation of case depth is very important for cementation steels that are hardened in the carburizing process. The effective case depth is defined as the perpendicular distance from the surface to a place at which the hardness is HV 550. Nowadays, a great number of studies have been carried out on the simulation of effective case depth, but no studies have been conducted to determine the numerical relation between the total case depth on one hand and the carburizing time and the effective case depth on the other hand. The steel specimens were subjected to graphite powder. Then, they were heat treated at 925 ℃ for about 3, 5, 8 and 12 h, respectively. Then, these parts were quenched in oil. To determine the effective case depth, the microhardness test was performed on the cross-section of specimens. Plotting the case depth vs carburizing time, the required conditions for obtaining the specified case depth were determined. Also, the comparison between the case depths in numerical solution and the actual position in pack carburizing was performed.     

Case presentations: A key method for evaluating core competencies in professional psychology?

The clinical psychology training literature highlights the need to evaluate student competency in core competencies (e.g., assessment, intervention, interpersonal relationships, research, ethics, supervision). One such evaluation method that allows for a broad-based examination of core competencies is the oral case presentation. The oral case presentation is not new to clinical psychology, but the use of this method to evaluate core competencies has not been extensively discussed. We conducted a Web-based survey on the use of case presentations to evaluate students in professional psychology programmes in Canada. Responses were obtained from 20 of 28 Canadian Psychological Association (CPA)-accredited programmes. Respondents reported on the use of the oral case presentations in the evaluation of students and the perceived value of case presentations. The majority of respondents (N = 14) reported that students gave an oral case presentation during the course of training. Most of these programmes required the case presentation in the fourth year (N = 8), a point in time when competency might be best assessed. Only very few programmes (N = 3) reported that the case presentation was evaluated by a committee, with formal guidelines to assess the case presentation. The case presentation was viewed as being helpful for evaluating several different abilities (e.g., case conceptualisation, awareness of metaknowledge, use of research in practice, reflective skills). Overall, the case presentation was positively evaluated, but appears underutilised in Canadian professional psychology programmes to evaluate clinical competency. To encourage further use of this method for formal evaluation, guidelines for presentations and evaluation are provided. Future directions for research are also outlined. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

General and multicultural case conceptualization skills: A cross-sectional analysis of psychotherapy trainees.

The general and multicultural case conceptualization skills of 91 psychotherapy trainees were evaluated for complexity and expertness across 3 case scenarios. The cases varied in the extent to which culture was presented in the demographic information and presenting concerns. Whereas general case conceptualization skills were found to relate to clinical training, multicultural case conceptualization skills were found to relate to multicultural training. Across cases, advanced trainees demonstrated significantly greater complexity and expertness than beginners. Trainees consistently included more culturally relevant ideas when culture was explicitly stated in the case as a presenting problem, versus when culture was implied. Last, consistently significant differences in the case conceptualizations of White trainees and trainees of color were not found. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Report on the evolution of interventional neuroradiology in France

Job stress is all too common in the case management profession. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of stress and understanding its causes will help the nurse case manager minimize the deleterious effects of "burnout." The following article is an excerpt from the book. Nursing Case Management: A Practical Guide to Success in Managed Care. The author explores eight techniques to reduce stress and improve performance. The information can be used by the individual case manager or by supervisors and coworkers trying to help fellow case managers.     

The two stage case-based reasoning technology research on the basis of the expert decision

In some domain expert’s decision-making is intelligent output by comprehensive analysis and reasoning for the numerous decision-making factors,constraints and the goal in their domain,it is the concentrated expression of domain knowledge.Be aimed at field knowledge induction;sum up the exploration with systematization method,the two stages case-based reasoning(CBR) technology on the basis of the expert decision cased is present.The main idea,according to the characteristic of problem,analysis and decision process of field expert is carried out case-reasoning by two steps,and the field knowledge can be classified,induction and accumulated from different angles by multi case libraries.This technology includes two aspects,first,through two state case-based reasoning mechanisms to achieve area of decision-making process simulation;second,the CBR service in two more cases of library design process.First,two stage case-based reasoning mechanism,the first stage case-based reasoning to analyze the main level,clear nature of the problem,type,degree and character as the main content;the second stage case reasoning takes first order case reasoning result as basis then,the case reasoning,gives to making policy holding out being that purpose is in progress to out a decision-making suggestion once again.Secondly,in many cases the design of the library,to serve two-stage case-based reasoning process,the design of the four case libraries:First, property type case library,is a static case base can be modified,the effect is to performance differences between actual case and plan case of the qualitative distinction,indicate difference type attribute;Second, hierarchic quantization case library,is a static case base can be modified,the effect is to performance differences between actual case and plan case the quantitative distinction between the scope,indicate degree, size that the type issues in some difference etc.Three are that decision-making supports case library,is a static case base can be modified,the effect is similar enumeration all possible decision-makings content, indicate the decision-making that field expert possibility carries out;Four are decision match case library,is a self-study and dynamic case library,the effect is the library recording history decision-making case,is used to gain the decision-making scheme specifically for current reality achievement case is similar,to provide the support making policy,to learn composing in reply the case accumulating the new decision-making at the same time.The method is based on real business needs for research and development obtained after the conclusion,the paper shows through examples of the technology industry has a good adaptability,practicality and effectiveness.     

I want to live here for rest of my life. The challenge of case management for rural seniors

The research on long-term care for seniors clearly demonstrates that efforts to integrate urban case management services with elderly people living in rural settings have not been successful. Presenting findings of the Rural Seniors Assisted Living Study conducted in northwestern Ontario, Canada, this article demonstrates the complexity of providing health and social services for seniors living in small rural communities, services that are often vastly different from those provided in urban communities. The article proposes a specialized Rural Case Management approach with rural elderly clients and identifies four intervention roles: providing direct service, consulting extensively with specialists of other disciplines, constructing and supporting natural helping networks, and resource management. The approach also requires that the rural case manager assume a leadership role at the community level in the development of services for seniors. Having a locally based case manager rather that a case manager who travels out to rural areas from an urban center is essential to the success of this rural case management approach. Finally, the article contends that rural case management differs from urban case management by requiring specialized knowledge, skills and educational programs.     

Congenital encephalocele of the medial skull base

Intensive case management for severely psychiatrically ill patients is a relatively new phenomenon in the private sector. The authors describe a comprehensive case management program designed at Blue Cross Blue Shield of Massachusetts to meet the needs of the most severely ill psychiatric patients in a private managed care environment. The case management program emphasizes involvement of patients in creating comprehensive treatment plans; development of a relationship between case managers, patients and their families, and providers; and clinical coordination between the public and private sectors to create individualized treatment plans. The program's case managers are able to flex the benefit limitations of a managed care or indemnity plan to integrate public and private services and can enlist providers outside a managed care network. The paper describes service utilization by the first 33 patients who participated in the program for one year.     

Documentation of obstetric case reports by means of video-terminals as a part of the Vienna General medical information system "WAMIS" (author's transl)

A report is given on the introduction of a complete documentation system of obstetric case reports by means of video-terminals and printer-terminals in both departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the 1niversity of Vienna. The special routine for the admission of patients, which produces the heading of the case report is demonstrated, as well as the sheets of collecting the data in respect to case history, antenatal examinations, labour room reports and details of obstetric operations. The computer prints the case history using the collected data. These computer-printed case reports replace the customary handwritten reports. Laboratory data, therapeutic measures and final diagnosis are computed in the same way. The advantages of this form of organization of data collection for clinical purposes and research work are discussed.     

渗氮层的微观结构对渗层脆性的影响

利用Ｘ射线衍射仪和透射电镜研究了离子渗氮层和普通气体渗氮层的微观结构及其对渗层脆性的影响。结果表明,离子渗氮化合物层中γ′相的含量比普通气体渗氮的要多,且γ′相晶粒较小;离子渗氮扩散层中的碳化物呈粒状,而普通气体渗氮扩散层中的碳化物呈断续的长条状,且分布有一定的方向性。这是离子渗氮的渗层脆性低于普通气体渗氮的重要原因。     

Preparing to automate the case management process

In this article, the authors discuss case management automation and the preparation that an organization should be making to install such a system successfully. They begin with a discussion of the goals of case management automation, and then review the steps that all facilities with case management programs can undertake to standardize their process, structure their organization, and strategically plan for case management automation. The current status of case management automation efforts also is discussed. The authors conclude by describing the efforts of one organization to develop an integrated case management documentation system.     

基于案例学习的PC轧机板形智能设定方法

热轧板形模型大都建立在大量简化与假设基础之上,计算精度存在瓶颈。借鉴聚类分析和案例学习等数据挖掘方法,利用历史数据建立热轧板形PC角设定案例库,提出一种热轧板形PC角的智能设定方法。首先,对大量轧制历史数据进行聚类分析,挖掘出带钢板形控制良好的轧制案例,建立一个初始的轧制案例库。接着,在日常生产中不断对该案例库进行迭代学习,将更优秀的轧制案例分层别更新到案例库;使用时,通过相似度计算从案例库中找到与当前带钢最接近的轧制案例,取出其对应的PC角进行在线板形设定。该方法已成功应用于宝钢1580热连轧机组,在线应用表明可以有效提高热轧带钢板形控制精度。     

A survey of epithelial odontogenic tumors and cysts in dogs and cats

A retrospective histologic study of 12 canine and eight feline epithelial odontogenic tumors and cysts was conducted from oral masses (n = 3,917) obtained between 1980 and 1990. No sex or breed predilection was identified. Ameloblastoma was observed in two dogs (case Nos. 1, 2) 6 and 8 months of age. Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumors were seen in a dog (case No. 3) and in two cats (case Nos. 4, 5) between 8 and 16 years of age. Ameloblastic fibroma (or fibroameloblastoma) was observed in cats (case Nos. 6-10) only. Inductive fibroameloblastoma was observed in four cats (case Nos. 6-9) up to 1 year of age, whereas ameloblastic fibroma was seen in a 14-year-old cat (case No. 10). A single ameloblastic odontoma was identified in a 20-month-old dog (case No. 11). Two complex odontomas occurred in a 6-month-old (case No. 12) and a 4-year-old (case No. 13) dog. Odontogenic cysts were identified in five dogs (case Nos. 14-18) aged 4.5 months to 16 years and in a 1-year-old cat (case No. 19) and have not been previously reported in these species. These cysts were lined by a stratified epithelium reminiscent of the appearance of ameloblastic epithelium. An odontogenic keratocyst with prominent central parakeratotic keratinization was identified in one 9-year-old female dog (case No. 20). Almost all epithelial odontogenic tumors were circumscribed, benign tumors that warranted a good prognosis for survival, although local recurrence may have followed (or may follow) incomplete excision. Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumors may be locally invasive. Of six odontogenic cysts (case Nos. 14-19), two (case Nos. 15, 18) gave rise to basi-squamous carcinomas. The classification and behavior of epithelial odontogenic tumors and cysts in human beings, dogs, and cats are discussed.     

Direct detection of the internal acyl migration reactions of benzoic acid 1-O-acylglucuronide by 13C-labeling and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Two cases of pancreatic cancer with portal vein invasion are presented. In both cases a total duodenopancreatectomy was performed due to the extension of tumour. The portal vein invasion was diagnosed intraoperatively; it was a circular invasion in one case and a lateral invasion in the second case. A segmental resection of the portal vein (2 cm in length) with end-to-end anastomosis was performed in the first case, while a lateral excision with venorrhaphy was sufficient in the second case. The first patient died after six months while the second patient is still alive, without recurrence, at seven months postoperatively.     

Two cases of enteric myiasis in man. Pseudomyiasis and true intestinal myiasis

Dipterous larvae were found in the appendices from two postmortem examinations. The single maggot in the first case was not immediately identified in the sections. However, when the posterior end of the larva was recovered from the unsectioned portion of the appendix, it was identified as a maggot of the genus Sarcophaga. The first case was believed to be a case of "pseudomyiasis,+ i.e., the accidental entrapment of a swallowed larva passing through the digestive tract. In the second case, the appendix contained numerous larvae with great variation in sizes and stages of development of the mouth hooks, pharyngeal sclerites, and spiracular breathing plates. Such development was considered to have occurred within the intestinal tract, which indicated that this was a case of true intestinal myiasis.     

Case Studies on Negotiation and Mediation for Coastal Zone Conflicts

The cases detailed in this paper provide insight into the application of negotiation and other forms of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) to resolve heated disputes over the use of coastal resources. Three examples are provided to demonstrate the possible outcomes when ADR techniques are applied to resolve increasingly common coastal disputes. The first case between Chevron and the Surfrider Foundation is described to provide an example of how negotiation can result in unique innovative solutions that are unlikely to come out of normal legal proceedings. The second case involves the mediation of the disagreement between nature conservationists and the Dyke Associations in Jade Bay, Germany. This case provides an example of how a mediator can help disclose each party’s interests to transform an ongoing stalemated dispute into a unanimous agreement. The third case details the quarrel between the Surfrider Foundation and a coastal developer in Rincón, Puerto Rico, where the case was successfully negotiated but then later resulted in undesirable and unmitigated consequences for both parties.     

A framework for evaluating the economic impact of case management

Confusion about the cost-effectiveness of case management stems partly from poorly defined assumptions about outcomes and unclear theories of how case management affects costs. The authors discuss how cost-effectiveness is influenced by the characteristics of various case management models, characteristics of the clients served, and contextual factors, including resources available in the treatment system and financial incentives built into various payment mechanisms. Important differences exist between case management models in the mechanisms favored for managing resources, including whether the client or the case manager is primarily responsible for directing the course of treatment, whether reduction in hospitalizations is a primary goal, whether team case management is used, and how the size of caseloads is determined.