Deep Desulfurization of Model Oil by Extraction with a Low-viscosity Ionic Liquid [BMIM]SCN

In this work, a low-viscosity ionic liquid 1-buthyl-3-methylimidazole thiocyanate ([BMIM]SCN) was utilized as extractant for the extractive desulfurization of thiophene in model oil. Several conditions were investigated respectively, including extraction time, temperature, and volume ratio of ionic liquid to model oil. Also the kinetics of extraction of thiophene were proposed. Under the optimal extractive conditions, the removal of thiophene in model oil was 55.6%. Other sulfur compounds and real oil were also investigated. Furthermore, the total desulfurization efficiency could reach 98.3%. In addition, the ionic liquid could be recycled seven times with negligible decrease in activity.     

离子液体1-己基-4-甲基吡啶四氟硼酸盐与烃类的相互作用规律

为研究离子液体1-己基-4-甲基吡啶四氟硼酸盐([C6MPy][BF4])与烃类之间的相互作用规律,考察了[C6MPy][BF4]对不同结构C10烃类的溶解能力,讨论了该离子液体对不同C10芳烃的选择性;并用Gaussian软件和密度泛函理论计算了[C6MPy][BF4]与不同芳烃混合后的优化构象和离子对作用能,探讨了...     

[BMIM][BF4]离子液体萃取脱除氧化柴油中砜类化合物

用离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐（［BMIM］［BF₄］）萃取脱除氧化柴油中的砜类化合物,考察了萃取时间、萃取温度、离子液体与氧化柴油体积比、萃取级数对［BMIM］［BF₄］离子液体萃取脱除砜类化合物的影响。结果表明,与直接萃取脱除柴油中的含硫化合物相比,［BMIM］［BF₄］对氧化柴油中的砜类含硫化合物表现出更佳的萃取性能。在萃取温度30℃、［BMIM］［BF₄］/氧化柴油体积比为0.5时,经［BMIM］［BF₄］萃取3次,氧化柴油的硫质量分数从125.1 μg/g 降至6.2 μg/g。与传统的萃取剂N,N-二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）相比,［BMIM］［BF₄］的萃取脱硫率略低,但柴油回收率较高,且柴油的性质基本未变。     

Characterization of [bmim]Cl／FeCl3 Ionic Liquid with Spectra

[bmim]Cl/FeCl3 ionic liquids (where bmim = 1-buty1-3-methylimidazolium) were characterized by XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), Raman and NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectra. The results show that Fe2Cl7^- and FeCl4^- ions are the principal anions in acidic ionic liquids, whose concentrations change with the content of FeCl3 and an equilibrium exists between them. An isosbestic point existing in FT-IR spectra indicates that an interaction involving at least two species occurs and their concentrations vary with acidity.Chemical shifts of the hydrogen located in the cations of ionic liquids are sensitive to the composition of ionic liquids.The change in chemical shifts may be explained in terms of anion-cation interactions. The chemical shifts of 2-H are affected by metal halides, which shift downfield and the 2-H is more deshielded with the increase in metal halides.     

Characterization of [bmim]Cl/FeCl_3 Ionic Liquid with Spectra

1. Introduction As substitutes for traditional liquid acids such asH2SO4 and HF, the applications of room-temperatureacidic ionic liquids have been attracted significantattention (Davis and Fox, 2003; Gordon, 2001; Seddon,et al., 2003; Sheldon, 2001; W…     

Modeling of acid gases solubility in ionic liquid [BMIM][MeSO4] using CPA EoS

This work follows the thermodynamically modeling procedure to correlate the solubility of pure CO₂ and H₂S in [BMIM][MeSO₄]. Moreover, solubility of acid gases mixture was predicted. The bubble point pressure calculation method was applied in which CPA EoS is responsible for fugacity coefficients calculation of the components. The CPA EoS combines SRK and Wertheim's association term to handle non-ideal behavior of the polar and associating components.

The AADs% of H₂S+IL and CO₂+IL binary subsystems were calculated as 18.4 and 17.36 respectively. Moreover, AADs% equal to 27.26 and 6.74 were obtained for predicted partial pressures of CO₂ and H₂S, respectively.     

Application of reaction equilibrium thermodynamic model for correlation of H2S solubility in ionic liquids [emim][Ace] and [hmim][Ace] using CPA equation of state

Correlation of H₂S solubility in ionic liquids [emim][Ace] and [hmim][Ace] was performed using CPA EoS. For taking into account the effect of possible chemical reactions, the Reaction Equilibrium Thermodynamic Model (RETM) was used. This model assumes that an AB₂ type reaction mechanism between two IL molecules and one H₂S molecule is taken place. Both of H₂S and ILs was considered as association components following 4C and 2B association schemes, respectively. First, pure components parameters achieved using CPA EoS. Consequently, the binary systems were investigated applying RETM. The results show AAD% equal to 4.75 and 12.44 for [emim][Ace] and [hmim][Ace] respectively.     

Extractive Desulfurization of Gasoline Using Ionic Liquid Based on CuCl

Abstract

CuCl-based ionic liquid ([HMim]Cl/CuCl) was synthesized by mixing 1-hydracid-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([HMim]Cl) with CuCl. Ionic liquid ([HMim]Cl/CuCl) was employed as an extractant remove sulfur from gasoline. It was found that [HMim]Cl/CuCl can remove sulfur-containing compounds from gasoline at room temperature. The extractive desulfurization mechanism of ionic liquid was proposed. The effects of extractive conditions on desulfurization of gasoline was investigated. The used ionic liquids can be regenerated by re-extraction using tetrachloromethane and reused five times.     

[bmim]PF6促进氨基硫脲和甲酸的缩合反应

以离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([bmim]PF_6)为反应促进剂和溶剂,对氨基硫脲与甲酸的缩合反应进行了研究,最佳反应条件为:n(氨基硫脲):n(甲酸)=1:2.0,反应时间2 h,反应温度70℃,离子液体用量2 mL,收率97.2%。与无机酸催化氨基硫脲与甲酸的缩合反应相比,该法反应条件温和,反应时间短,收率高,易分离,且离子液体可循环使用。     

Photocatalytic Oxidative Desulfurization of Gasoline by TiO2 in [BMIm]Cu2Cl3 Ionic Liquid

Photocatalytic oxidative desulfurization of gasoline in [BMIm]Cu2Cl3 ionic liquid was studied. A 500-W high-pressure mercury lamp was used as the light source for irradiation, nano-TiO2 was used as the photocatalyst and air was introduced by a gas pump to supply O2 as the oxidant. Influence of the ratio of V（ionic liquid） to V（oil） and the TiO2 addition on the desulfurization rate of gasoline was investigated. An oxidative kinetics equation was founded. The results showed that the [BMIm]CUECl3 ionic liquid was an effective extractant for the desulfurization of gasoline. The appropriate TiO2 addition was 0.05 g in 50 mL of reaction mixture. The yield of desulfurized gasoline could reach 98.2% after being subjected to reaction for 2 h under the conditions of adopting a ratio of V（ionic liquid）： V（oil）=1：4, an air flow of 100 mL/min and a TiO2 addition dosage of 0.05 g. The kinetics reaction for photo-oxidation of gasoline was a first-order reaction with an apparent rate constant of 1.9664 h^-1 and a half-time of 0.3525 h.     

离子液体用于燃料油深度脱硫的研究进展

首先介绍了加氢催化脱硫和其他脱硫技术的特点,综述了近年来国内外利用离子液体在萃取脱硫、萃取脱硫与氧化脱硫耦合、萃取脱硫与生物脱硫耦合等方面的研究。认为离子液体萃取脱硫具有操作简便、可循环使用、无需氢气、环境友好、能深度脱硫等特点,是一项具有广阔发展前景的技术。若要实现该技术的工业化应用,还需进一步加强离子液体在合成工艺、脱硫选择性及回收再生等方面的研究。     

[BMIM]Cl-AlCl_3离子液体催化正戊烷异构化反应性能

为研究离子液体的催化异构化性能,通过乙腈吸附红外光谱和紫外可见吸收光谱测定了合成的1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯铝酸([BMIM]Cl-AlCl_3)离子液体的酸性,并考察了离子液体中氯化铝的含量、引发剂种类及用量、反应温度以及剂油比等条件对正戊烷异构化反应的影响。结果表明,离子液体酸性随氯化铝含量升高而增强,当离子液体中氯化铝摩尔分数为0.70、添加的氯代正丁烷的体积为原料正戊烷体积的8%、反应温度为120℃、剂油质量比为1∶1时,正戊烷的转化率达到88.1%,异构烷烃收率达到74.8%。     

Optimization of Oxidative Desulfurization of Dibenzothiophene Using a Coordinated Ionic Liquid as Catalytic Solvent

Abstract

Oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of dibenzothiophene (DBT) in n-octane with hydrogen peroxide/acetic acid using a quaternary ammonium coordinated ionic liquid (IL) (C₄H₉)₄NBr · 2C₆H₁₁NO as catalytic solvent has been studied. The ODS mechanism by coordinated ionic liquid [(C₄H₉)₄NBr · 2C₆H₁₁NO] was also carried out. The sulfur-containing compounds in model oil were extracted into ionic liquid phase and oxidized to their corresponding sulfones by H₂O₂. The effect factors for desulfurization of model oil were investigated in detail by means of monofactorial and orthogonal experiments (L₁₆(4)⁴). The results showed that the desulfurization efficiency of model oil could reach 98.6% under the optimal conditions of oxidation time, oxidation temperature, molar ratio of H₂O₂/sulfur (O/S), and volume ratio of model oil to coordinated ionic liquid were 30 min, 50°C, 16, and 1, respectively. The influences to the desulfurization efficiency of DBT decreased in the following order: volume ratio of model oil to coordinated ionic liquid (C₄H₉)₄NBr · 2C₆H₁₁NO (V_{model oil}/V_IL) > molar ratio of O/S > oxidation temperature > oxidation time, according to extreme analysis of the orthogonal test. The coordinated ionic liquid (C₄H₉)₄NBr · 2C₆H₁₁NO can be recycled 5 times without a significant decrease in desulfurization.     

Removal of Trace Olefins from Aromatics Catalyzed by [bmim]Br-AlCl3 Ionic Liquid

1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromochloroaluminate([bmim]Br-AlCl3)ionic liquid was used as an acid catalyst for removal of trace olefins from the aromatic hydrocarbons.The influence of various reaction parameters such as reaction time,temperature,dosage and acid strength of catalyst was investigated.The experimental results demonstrated that the ionic liquid exhibited excellent activity under mild reaction conditions,with the conversion of olefins reaching 98.84% and the bromine index of the aromatics varying from 1129 to 13.On the basis of the results obtained,thereof,a possible reaction mechanism was proposed.     

离子液体催化合成异丙苯的研究

以氯化正丁基吡啶-三氯化铝（bpc—AlCl3）离子液体为催化剂。考察了离子液体催化荆的酸度、反应温度、苯与丙烯的摩尔比、反应时问等因素对苯与丙烯烷基化反应的影响。结果表明：酸性离子液体具有较高的催化活性与选择性,并且离子液体的活性与其酸度密切相关,酸度越大,离子液体的催化活性越好。在50％、常压、苯与丙烯的摩尔比为10、AlCl3与bpc的摩尔比为2时,丙烯转化率为100％,异丙苯选择性为97．56％,并且离子液体可以循环使用。     

离子液体中季铵型六聚钨酸盐相转移催化氧化脱硫性能

制备了亲水性离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([Bmim]BF4)和4种季铵型六聚钨酸盐催化剂,通过FTIR,UV-Vis,TG等方法对它们的结构进行了表征;考察了以H2O2为氧化剂,季铵型六聚钨酸盐催化剂在离子液体[Bmim]BF4中相转移催化氧化模拟油中二苯并噻吩(DBT)的活性。实验结果表明,随H2O2和催化剂用量的增加、反应温度的升高和反应时间的延长,DBT脱除率单调增加;适宜的反应条件为:以季铵型六聚钨酸盐[C18H37(CH3)3N]2W6O19为催化剂,模拟油用量5mL、离子液体[Bmim]BF4用量1 mL、反应温度50℃、反应时间3.0 h、n(催化剂)∶n(DBT)=1∶10、n(H2O2)∶n(DBT)=4;在此条件下,该脱硫体系的DBT脱除率可达99.6%,其脱硫效果好于仅用离子液体萃取脱硫和无离子液体的催化氧化脱硫体系的脱硫效果。     

[BMIM]HSO4/Al2O3催化甘油脱水反应的研究

采用两步法合成离子液体[BMIM]HSO4,并采用浸渍法制备了[BMIM]HSO4/A12O3催化剂,用IR、1HNMR、TG-DTG等方法对催化剂进行了表征.在常压连续流动的固定床反应器中,考察了甘油制备丙烯醛的工艺条件,结果表明:在催化剂为[BMIM]HSO4/Al2O3,负载量为40％、反应温度为300℃、体积空...     

The CPA EoS application to model CO2 and H2S simultaneous solubility in ionic liquid [C2mim][PF6]

The CPA EoS was utilized for solubility modeling of pure CO₂ and H₂S and their mixture in [C₂MIM][PF₆]. The model is comprised of SRK EoS in addition to Wertheim's association term. Up to now, several associating models such as SAFT variants have been successfully applied to such systems. Considering the complexity and time consuming nature of SAFT EoSs, CPA can be a good alternative due to its accuracy and simplicity with respect to the SAFT.

The AAD % for binary systems including H₂S+ IL and CO₂+ IL are 11.78, 10.40 respectively. Moreover, the ternary system show AAD% equal to 16.51.     

吡啶基离子液体与噻吩类化合物相互作用的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论考察了N-丁基吡啶醋酸盐离子液体(［BPY］［Ac］)和噻吩(TS)、苯并噻吩(BT)、二苯并噻吩(DBT)、萘(NAP)的相互作用,并进行了NBO和AIM分析。［BPY］［Ac］离子对最稳定的结构表明,［Ac］阴离子的O原子优先与吡啶环上C2—H2发生氢键作用。在分子水平上,NBO和AIM分析证实了TS、BT、DBT、NAP和［BPY］［Ac］中的阴离子发生氢键作用、与吡啶环发生π…π相互作用,阴、阳离子均影响脱硫效果。但NAP与阴离子的氢键作用、与吡啶环π…π相互作用较弱,造成NAP与［BPY］［Ac］相互作用能小,而DBT则优先吸附在［BPY］［Ac］离子液体上。     

金属络合类离子液体用于汽油萃取脱硫的研究

本文由原料[Et₃NH]Cl、无水FeCl₃和无水CuCl合成了离子液体[Et₃NH]Cl-FeCl₃/CuCl,考察了其萃取脱硫性能。结果表明：在对模拟汽油（噻吩溶于正辛烷）和FCC汽油脱硫时,离子液体[Et₃NH]Cl-FeCl₃/CuCl均表现出了较好的脱硫性能。当离子液体和模拟汽油的体积比V(IL):V(oil)=0.08,时间t=50min,温度T=50℃时,模拟汽油中噻吩的脱除率能够达到 93.9%。在相同的温度和时间条件下,当离子液体和FCC汽油的体积比V(IL):V(oil)=0.1时,经过三次萃取,能够获得低硫（硫含量小于10μg/g）FCC汽油,FCC汽油的收率为94.3%。离子液体具有较好的循环使用能力,循环使用5次后,汽油中噻吩的脱除率没有明显降低。