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Ni-P化学镀层正交实验设计及形貌结构分析 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
在温度、pH、装载比、施镀时间和复合添加剂的质量浓度一定的条件下,通过正交实验和单因素实验研究了镀液中硫酸镍、次磷酸钠、柠檬酸钠和硼酸的质量浓度对镀层沉积速度和镀层表面质量的影响,获得了最佳工艺参数:ρ(硫酸镍)30 g/L,ρ(次磷酸钠)20 g/L,ρ(柠檬酸钠)25 g/L,ρ(硼酸)38 g/L,ρ(复合添加剂)15 mg/L,温度(85±1)℃,装载比1.5 dm2/L,pH 9,沉积时间1~1.5 h。金相照片显示,N i-P化学镀层表面由均匀的胞状颗粒组成,镀层致密,无空隙;镀层截面照片和300℃热震实验表明,镀层与基体结合力良好;EDS和X-射线衍射图谱证明合金镀层中P的质量分数为10.85%,镀层呈非晶态结构。 相似文献
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采用化学镀制备了含Ni53.11%、Cu37.8%、P9.09%的Ni-Cu-P三元合金。研究了铜盐、镍盐及络合剂含量,还原剂, pH和施镀温度对该镀层沉积速度的影响。实验结果表明镀速随硫酸镍浓度、次磷酸钠浓度、施镀温度及镀液pH的升高而增加,随硫酸铜浓度、络合剂浓度的升高而降低。并得出的最佳工艺配方及工艺条件为:3.5 g/L硫酸铜,33 g/L硫酸镍, 24 g/L次磷酸钠,64 g/L柠檬酸钠,20 g/L无水醋酸钠,稳定剂适量,温度80℃,pH 8.00.2。 相似文献
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以硫酸镍为主盐,次亚磷酸钠为还原剂,采用复合络合剂在酸性条件下对45钢镀件进行化学镀镍,在硫酸镍浓度、次亚磷酸钠浓度、醋酸钠浓度、络合剂A浓度、镀液pH值和镀液温度等单因素实验的基础上,以镀层沉积速率为指标,用正交设计法对酸性化学镀镍工艺进行了系统优化,结果表明,最佳施镀条件为:硫酸镍浓度35 g/L,次亚磷酸钠浓度30 g/L,络合剂A浓度10 g/L,镀液pH值6.0。在此条件下镀件的镀层沉积速率高达17.38μm/h,且其质量符合国家相关标准。 相似文献
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研究了铝-硅合金表面化学沉积Ni-Cu-P的工艺条件,探讨了镀液组成对镀速的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件为:p(硫酸镍)为30~40g/L,p(硫酸铜)为0.6~0.8g/L,p(次磷酸钠)为25~30g/L,p(柠檬酸钠)为40~50g/L,p(醋酸铵)为30~35g/L,温度为80℃,pH值为6.0。通过扫描电镜、X-射线衍射法探讨了合金镀层的形貌与结构。测定了镀层硬度和阳极极化曲线,结果表明:以该配方所得的镀层表面平整、光亮;未经热处理的镀层呈非晶态结构,随着热处理温度的升高,镀层的显微硬度先增后降,当温度达到400℃时,镀层结构晶体化,其显微硬度达到最大,为1050HV;镀层在3种介质中的耐蚀性顺序为:硫酸(体积分数为10%)>氯化钠(质量分数为10%)>氢氧化钠(质量分数为10%)。 相似文献
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乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。 相似文献
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D. G. Gordeev L. F. Gudarenko M. V. Zhernokletov V. G. Kudel’kin M. A. Mochalov 《Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves》2008,44(2):177-189
A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation
of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from
the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO2) of density 0.08 g/cm3.
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Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008. 相似文献
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Jorge Marcelo Romero Soledad Bustillo Hugo Enrique Ramirez Maisuls Nelly Lidia Jorge Manuel Eduardo Gómez Vara Eduardo Alberto Castro Alicia H. Jubert 《International journal of molecular sciences》2007,8(7):688-694
A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out. 相似文献
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A perturbation viscometer is a differential capillary viscometer that measures the logarithmic viscosity gradient of the viscosity-composition curve for gas mixtures. Measurements are made at different gas mixture compositions. Integration of the logarithmic viscosity gradients measured over the full composition range gives the mixture viscosity relative to the viscosity of one of the pure components of the gas mixture. This method is attractive because, for measurements of equal precision, integration of the gradients is potentially an order of magnitude more precise than measurement of the viscosities directly. It can also work at high and low temperatures and perhaps high pressures.The perturbation viscometer has been used to make measurements on ideal gas mixtures at ambient and elevated temperatures. The situation is more complicated when the gas mixtures are non-ideal. Extra effects due to density differences, molar volume change on mixing and differential thermal expansion may be measured in addition to the desired viscosity change producing systematic errors in the results. Thus, a more sophisticated apparatus is required. The standard perturbation viscometer has been modified to separate out the extra effects to permit measurement of the true change in viscosity. In addition, the theoretical operation of the modified apparatus has been revised to account for the design changes to permit calculation of the viscosity-composition profiles from the results.The apparatus has been tested using helium-HFC-125 mixtures and two new viscosity-composition profiles are presented for these mixtures at 23 and . Internal consistency tests have been used to confirm that the data produced are of high quality with an estimated uncertainty in the viscosity ratio data at of 0.9% and at of 1.5%. 相似文献
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醋酸纤维素取代基分布与性质的关系 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
分析了以吡啶为溶剂的醋酸纤维素的13C-NMR核磁共振谱,得出了三种不同位置羟基的取代度。结合X—射线和DSC分析,初步说明具有相同取代度但未经水解和经过水解的醋酸纤维素(CA) 性质上的差异是由于三个羟基上的取代度分布不同及消晶程度差异所致。 相似文献