洗涤剂及表面活性剂的绿色化

简要介绍了洗涤剂的分类及其用途。论述了洗涤剂和表面活性剂的绿色化概念以及洗涤剂领域的绿色化学。对我国洗涤剂的绿色化原料、绿色产品以及表面活性剂的环境安全性进行了探讨。对未来洗涤剂的发展、洗涤剂市场以及消费者的使用习惯进行了概述。     

洗涤剂绿色化升级的机遇和挑战

基于绿色化学的核心和原则,阐述了绿色洗涤剂自身应具备的特点以及绿色洗涤剂与普通洗涤剂的区别。分析了中国主流消费群体的变化趋势以及消费者对洗涤剂产品的认知,表明新主流消费群体对洗涤剂产品关注度在持续提高,并且更加关注洗涤剂对人体和环境安全性的影响。主流消费群体关注度提高和行业标准法规的变化趋势必然会引导和推动洗涤行业向绿色健康的方向发展,然而绿色洗涤剂的发展仍然面临诸多挑战。     

竹醋液在绿色功能性餐具洗涤剂中的应用

利用竹醋液具有消毒抑杀活性的显著特性,选用可再生资源和绿色原料与助剂,提高了餐具洗涤剂的安全性和环保效果,赋予餐具洗涤剂以绿色的概念,产品同时具有了消毒护肤的功能性作用。竹醋液餐具洗涤剂的抑菌防腐效果良好,各项指标符合国家标准的规定。     

要闻链接

表面活性剂和洗涤剂行业的工业转型升级投资指南在日用化学品洗涤剂产业中,以天然可再生资源为原料的表面活性剂新产品,应用绿色活性成分的洗涤剂技术,开发应用高效洗涤剂助剂及洗涤剂成为关键。在轻工行业的共性基础技术平台建设中,为轻工产品整个寿命周期的质量检测、评价、分析和验证等     

要闻链接：表面活性剂和洗涤剂行业的工业转型升级投资指南

在日用化学品洗涤剂产业中,以天然可再生资源为原料的表面活性剂新产品,应用绿色活性成分的洗涤剂技术,开发应用高效洗涤剂助剂及洗涤剂成为关键。在轻工行业的共性基础技术平台建设中,为轻工产品整个寿命周期的质量检测、评价、分析和验证等提供质量控制和技术评价服务的企业、第三方公共质量控制和技术评价机构能力的改造成为提升项目。     

美国家用清洗剂的发展

通过一些具体实例以及相关专业人士的介绍，概括了洗涤剂行业的发展状况。目前洗涤剂行业以生产绿色清洁产品为发展目标，进一步开发可再生的生物原料实现可持续发展。对产品成分的安全性作了相应的倡议，并倡导相关行业要进行合作，以实现共同成长。     

论绿色洗涤剂的开发

根据绿色化学的含义,提出了开发绿色洗涤剂应遵从的6项基本原则。在配方技术方面,绿色洗涤剂应选用绿色表面活性剂和绿色助剂。工艺技术应该体现节能耗、低污染、减排放、再利用的原则。政府应鼓励绿色洗涤剂的开发,从税收政策和科技经费上予以倾斜。日化行业应大力宣传绿色洗涤剂,积极引导绿色消费。     

我国手洗餐具洗涤剂存在的问题及解决办法

综述了餐具洗涤剂存在的一些问题,包括细菌超标、总活性物含量不达标、含甲醛、化学残留、产品同质化、小作坊生产、不正当竞争等,提出了应该开发推广绿色环保洗洁精及加强管理的解决办法。     

绿色洗涤剂环境标志认证及发展趋势

概述了国际上绿色洗涤剂的环境标志认证以及绿色洗涤剂的发展趋势。在环境保护倍受关注的今天,环境标志认证日益受到消费者以及生产供应商的重视,同时,液体洗涤剂正向着原料天然化、产品浓缩化、低温、低泡化和包装材料绿色化的方向发展。     

一种创新的香精香料原料及产品绿色化评价工具

随着全球可持续发展意识的增强和消费者对化工行业环保、产品安全性的期望越来越高,产品的绿色化研究已成为一个非常重要的领域。基于绿色化学十二项原则,自主设计研发了一套可用于定量评估香精香料原料及产品绿色化程度的工具。此工具采用0～100的分值,将使用及生产的香精香料原料和产品,按其对健康、安全和环境的影响大小进行评分,得分越高,对环境影响越小,产品也越安全。该工具不仅可用于调香师创香时挑选绿色化程度更高的原料,也可为产品生产工艺的持续改进提供数据支持。通过设计目的、设计原则、应用及优势多角度介绍该款绿色产品评价工具。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。