量子点激光器研究进展综述

本文综述了量子点激光器的研究进展。介绍了量子点激光器的结构原理、生长及其优化；对量子点激光器光电特性从实验和建立模型进行描述；给出以速率方程描述的量子点激光器的动态特性如光增益均匀展宽、激射光谱控制、激发态迁移等；最后展望了量子点激光器的研究方向。     

质子轰击条形GaAs—Al_(0.3)Ga_(0.7)AsDH激光器的增益特性

一、引言在半导体激光器的各种特性和参数中,最经常遇到的测量是阈电流密度和微分量子效率,它们是表征器件性能的最重要的参数之一。激光器有源区中,光增益达到谐振腔总损失时,激光器便建立了受激光振荡。注入式激光器的光增益是由正向注入电流产生,光增益是表示通过单位长度有源材料光子能量的相对增加量,它与材料的带尾结构、导带电子的分布和晶体的完整性或缺陷等有关,增益特性还与异质结界面的晶格匹配、有源区少子注入效率、器件结构等有关。激光器的光增益特性直接影响着阈电流密度的大小,此外激光器波导和谐振腔总损耗的大小,也直接影响激光器的阈电流密度和微分量子效率。通过对激光器增益特性的测量可以检定有区材料的性能、波导谐振腔的质量和界面的好坏。     

柱形量子点中量子比特的消相干时间

通过求解柱形量子点的能量本征方程,得到极化子的基态和第一激发态的本征能量以及本征波函数,进而根据基态和第一激发态构造一个量子比特。数值计算讨论了消相干时间与色散系数、电子-体纵光学声子耦合强度、柱形量子点的半径及柱高的变化关系。     

低阈值量子结构激光器的优化结构设计

针对低阈值半导体量子结构激光器（简称量子结构激光器）,包括量子阱、量子线和量子点结构,给出了一个完整简便的方法用以优化设计最低阈值条件所需要的有源区结构。以对数形式给出了量子结构激光器材料增益和注入载流子浓度的关系,并且以ＩｎＧａＡｓ（Ｐ）／ＩｎＰ量子阱激光器和ＩｎＡｓ／ＧａＡｓ自组装量子点结构激光器为例,分别计算了为得到最低阈值电流所需要的量子阱阱数和自组装量子点的面密度以及激光器的腔长。     

柱形量子点中强耦合极化子的性质

通过精确求解柱形量子点的能量本征方程,得到极化子的基态本征能量以及本征波函数,进而研究了柱形量子点中极化子的性质.数值计算表明:柱形量子点中极化子的声子平均数随着电子-LO声子耦合强度的增大而增大,并且随着柱形量子点半径(或柱高)的增大而减小。     

量子线和量子箱激光器—下一代高性能半导体激光器

本文讨论了量子线和量子箱激光器的特性,如呈现非常低的阈值电流、展宽的调制带宽和窄的谱线宽度。还介绍了量子尺寸结构的制造工艺、尺寸起伏和非线性增益对激射特性的影响。最后给出量子微腔激光器的新概念。     

多量子阱半导体激光器的瞬态响应特性分析

根据光增益与载流子密度的对数关系,在受激发射速率中分别引入了增益饱和项和载流子复合项,通过适应于多量子阱激光器的速率方程,从理论上证明了短腔结构存在与阈值电流最小值对应的最佳阱数。给出了多量子阱激光器的瞬态呼应特性的直接仿真结果及相图,分析了注入电流、阱数和腔长对其激射阈值、开关延误时间、弛豫振荡频率和光输出等能量的影响。     

InGaAs/GaAs量子点类脊型激光器的激射特性

用MOCVD方法生长制备了多层InGaAs/GaAs量子点结构 ,并研制出量子点激光器。研究了多层量子点激光器阈值激射特性与量子点有源区结构之间的关系 ,结果表明激光器的阈值电流密度依赖于量子点的结构。通过采用多层量子点、对量子点层间进行耦合以及采用宽禁带AlGaAs作为量子点层势垒可以有效地降低激光器的阈值电流密度。获得了最低为 2 0A/cm2 的平均阈值电流密度。量子点激光器的激射波长也与有源区结构有关 ,随着量子点层数增加 ,激射峰向长波方向移动。     

单量子阱半导体激光器的调谐特性

本文根据量子理论的薛定谔方程，推导出在有限深势阱条件下载流子满足的能量本征值方程，并给出理论计算结果，为设计用于泵浦固体激光器的激光二极管提供了理论依据。     

光纤影响量子点激光器的运行状态数学模型研究

光纤影响下的量子点激光器运行状态具有非线性,构建基于势能函数分析和双态QDL激子模型的光纤影响量子点激光器的运行状态数学模型。在光纤注入状态下,分析量子点激光器的非线性动力学参数模型,结合非线性动力学态的分布和演化特性,利用时间序列、功率谱及相图分析的方法,在不同参数注入下进行量子点激光器的参数空间及运行状态动力学分布特性分析。以光学能级、光学限制因子以及光学增益因子等为约束参数,进行自由运行状态下的量子点激光器基态和激发态特性分析,实现光纤影响下量子点激光器的运行状态数学模型构建。实验结果表明,该模型能有效获取量子点激光器的最优微波线宽,在电流增加的过程中,自由运行光谱能级谱检测性能较好,研究结果为光纤网络互联和光存储提供理论基础。     

Enhanced radiation hardness of quantum dot lasers to high energyproton irradiation

The influence of high energy proton irradiation on the device properties of InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot and quantum well lasers has been investigated. In the regime of spontaneous emission, quantum dot lasers show a much enhanced radiation hardness compared to quantum well lasers, manifested in a smaller increase of threshold current density. However, in the lasing regime the device characteristics are similarly influenced. Internal differential quantum efficiencies are reduced, internal optical losses remain constant     

Low threshold current density 1.3 /spl mu/m InAs/InGaAs quantum dot lasers with InGaP cladding layers grown by gas-source molecular-beam epitaxy

InAs/InGaAs quantum dot lasers with InGaP cladding layers grown by gas-source molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) are reported. The laser emits 1.296 /spl mu/m light output and demonstrates a very low threshold current density of 111 A/cm/sup 2/. This is the lowest reported value of GaAs-based 1.3 /spl mu/m quantum dot lasers with InGaP cladding layers.     

高性能InAs/GaAs量子点外腔激光器

为了获得高性能的量子点外腔激光器(ECL),利用InAs/GaAs量子点Fabry-Perot(FP)腔激光器研制了光栅外腔可调谐ECL。对InAs/GaAs量子点ECL进行了一系列的性能测试,主要包括单模稳定性测试、单模调谐范围测试、阈值电流密度测试、无跳模连续调谐测试和输出功率测试。在室温条件下获得了24.6nm的连续调谐范围,覆盖波长从999.2nm到1 023.8nm,并且实现了波长无跳模连续调谐。在调谐范围内最低阈值电流密度为1 525A/cm2,而且在中心波长处获得的单模输出功率为15mW,单模边模抑制比(SMSR)高达35dB。研究结果表明,通过构建光栅外腔可以实现高性能的InAs/GaAs量子点ECL。     

Emission dynamics of dot and wire DFB lasers

Emission dynamics of InGaAs-InGaAsP dot and wire DFB lasers were systematically investigated and compared with quantum-well lasers. Accordingly, the effective carrier capture times, which limit the maximum modulation bandwidth of low-dimensional semiconductor lasers, were determined and compared for these lasers. A quite large effective capture time of about 350 ps was found for the dot laser in contrast to about 56 ps for the quantum-well laser. This is attributed to a dramatically reduced volume of active region which induces a large scaled-up quantum capture time in the dot lasers. The systematic comparison of the quantum-well, -wire and -dot lasers reveal the dominant limitation of geometry effect on the high-speed modulation of quantum-wire and -dot lasers except when the packing density of the dots or wires is increased.     

锗基InAs量子点激光器的腔面失效及再生的研究

围绕锗基InAs量子点激光器,开展了激光器腔面失效及再生的研究.研究并分析了灾变性光学镜面损伤产生的机理及其对激光器腔面的影响,开展了腔面再生研究,发展了一套创新性的腔面再生工艺并实现了失效的锗基InAs量子点激光器的再生.根据锗基InAs量子点激光器材料结构设计腐蚀工艺,通过选择性腐蚀在激光器腔面制备出悬臂结构,采用细针解理使悬臂结构自然解理,获得新的激光器谐振腔面,失效激光器重新工作.对比了激光器失效前和再生后的工作性能,结果表明因灾变性光学镜面损伤而失效的锗基InAs量子点激光器获得全新的谐振腔面,锗基激光器器件性能和失效前相当.     

The influence of quantum-well composition on the performance ofquantum dot lasers using InAs-InGaAs dots-in-a-well (DWELL) structures

The optical performance of quantum dot lasers with different dots-in-a-well (DWELL) structures is studied as a function of the well number and the indium composition in the InGaAs quantum well (QW) surrounding the dots. While keeping the InAs quantum dot density nearly constant, the internal quantum efficiency η_i, modal gain, and characteristic temperature of 1-DWELL and 3-DWELL lasers with QW indium compositions from 10 to 20% are analyzed. Comparisons between the DWELL lasers and a conventional In_0.15Ga_0.85As strained QW laser are also made. A threshold current density as low as 16 A/cm² is achieved in a 1-DWELL laser, whereas the QW device has a threshold 7.5 times larger. It is found that η_i and the modal gain of the DWELL structure are significantly influenced by the quantum-well depth and the number of DWELL layers. The characteristic temperature T₀ and the maximum modal gain of the ground-state of the DWELL structure are found to improve with increasing indium in the QW It is inferred from the results that the QW around the dots is necessary to improve the DWELL laser's η_i for the dot densities studied     

杂质对方形量子点基态能和束缚能的影响

用有限差分法求解了二维方形量子点中有 杂质时的量子体系,得到了离散薛定谔方程。对体系中电子处于基态时的能量和杂质的束缚能进行了数值计算,讨论了不同间距的杂质离子对不同尺寸量子点中电子的基态能量和束缚能的影响。计算结果表明：量子点中电子基态能量是杂质位置和量子点尺度的函数;基态能量随着量子点尺度的增加先急剧减小后缓慢增大,最后趋于定值;杂质对电子的束缚能随着量子点尺度的增加而减小;杂质间距越小对量子点基态能影响越大。     

Advances in self-assembled semiconductor quantum dot lasers

In the past 20 years the semiconductor laser has become a key device in optical electronics because of its pure output spectrum and high quantum efficiency. As the capabilities of laser diodes have grown, so has the range of applications contemplated for them. A great success in semiconductor lasers has been brought by the ability to artificially structure new materials on an atomic scale by using advanced crystal growth methods such as MBE and MOVPE. The laser performance successes gained using quantum wells in optoelectronic devices can be extended by adopting quantum wire and quantum dot structures. There have been several reports of successful lasing action in semiconductor dot structures within the past few years. In this article I will briefly review the recent progress in the development of quantum dot lasers.     

量子点激光器瞬态响应及调制特性分析

基于二能级系统建立量子点激光器的载流子-光子速率方程模型,分析量子点激光器的瞬态响应和调制特性,获得其动态特性.同时分析了注入电流对量子点激光器输出光子密度的影响,随着注入电流的增大,激光器光电延迟时间缩短,弛豫过程缩短,弛豫振荡频率增大,且输出光子峰值和稳态功率增加,适当增加注入电流可拓宽量子点激光器调制带宽.通过小信号调制分析,发现量子点激光器上限调制频率比普通激光器高一个数量级,证明了其具有良好的高频调制特性.     

Low chirp observed in directly modulated quantum dot lasers

We have examined the dynamic properties of high-aspect-ratio InAs-quantum-dot (QD) lasers at room temperature. A novel characteristic of low chirp in the lasing wavelength under 1-GHz current modulation was found in the quantum dot lasers. This is more than one order of magnitude less than the typical chirp (0.2-nm) found in a conventional quantum well laser that we used as a reference. Low chirp was obtained not only in the ground state lasing but in the second level lasing of quantum dots as well.