不同水分含量对南极磷虾烤虾质构和色泽的影响

以质构和色泽为指标,并结合感官评定,对水分含量分别为22％、25％、28％和31％的四种南极磷虾烤虾品质进行研究。实验结果表明,水分含量对南极磷虾烤虾质构有一定影响,水分含量22％的南极磷虾烤虾的硬度、胶粘性、咀嚼性和剪切力与其他水分含量的南极磷虾烤虾呈显著性差异（P〈0．05）,水分含量25％和28％的南极磷虾烤虾的内聚性和弹性相对较高,品质较好;通过测定四种烤虾的RG雅,发现四种样品的色泽均属于粉色系,对外观的影响不是很大,随着烤虾水分含量下降,制品的色泽越容易接受。水分含量28％的南极磷虾烤虾的感官评分最高,为8．99±0．05,通过对不同水分含量的南极磷虾烤虾的质构和色泽分析,结合感官评定,认为南极磷虾烤虾的水分含量为28％时品质最佳。     

水分和温度对猪肉质构及感官品质的影响

本文以猪里脊肉为原料,在感官评定、仪器分析的基础上,结合低场核磁共振测定结果,考察了水分条件及加热温度对猪肉制品品质的影响。实验数据表明:猪肉的感官硬度、紧密性及咀嚼感随含水量降低而升高,感官弹性略有改善,但100℃热处理的不同干燥样之间没有显著差异(p0.05);质构指标硬度、咀嚼性和剪切力值等与肉品的水分含量呈极显著负相关关系(p0.01);通过降低肉的含水量(36%)可改善121℃热处理导致的肉质软烂和硬度降低。通过LF-NMR分析发现:随干燥程度增大,各状态水分的T2弛豫时间均向快弛豫方向移动,加热温度越高,T21状态的水分弛豫时间移动越明显;干燥脱水造成的水分分布变化不及高温加热造成的影响显著;不易流动水与肉的质构特性关系相当密切,控制其含量可影响脱水肉制品的食用品质。     

Moisture Content Adjustment to Modify Texture of Reduced-Oil Pecans

Reducing oil content has produced pecans with extended shelf-life and less calories, but poor texture. Adjusting final moisture content may restore texture of reduced-oil pecans. Texture Profile Analysis (TPA) was performed using an Instron on cylinders taken from full-oil and reduced-oil pecans sprayed with water or with a water-based flavoring, then dried to 15 final moisture contents ranging from 2.43 to 19.85%. Wetting and partial drying increased hardness to 87%, Area 1 to 89%, and fracturability to 79% of the value for full-oil pecans. Springiness and Area 2 were practically fully restored after redrying to 5% MC.     

不同烹调方法对鱼营养价值及感官评价的影响

通过分析鲟鱼和罗非鱼经清蒸、微波、微波烤、烤箱烤、油煎、高压6种不同烹调处理后水分、脂肪含量的变化,探讨烹调后水分、脂肪含量与质构特性和感官特性的相关性,找到适合水产品烹调方式,使水产品的营养价值得到最大的保存率,以此指导人们合理膳食。结果表明：清蒸烹调后水分含量最大,整体可接受性最高。相关性分析表明：烹调后样品的水分含量与多汁性及弹性有显著正相关性,而脂肪含量与硬度有极显著负相关性,与内聚性具有负相关趋势。以质构指标预测感官特性的预测方程构成因鱼种而有所差异。     

Texture of Glassy Corn Cakes as a Function of Moisture Content

Glass transition temperatures of yellow and white corn cakes were investigated within the moisture range of 2 to 32% (w/w) using dynamic differential scanning calorimetry. All measurements were conducted at 10°C/min heating rate, 30 sec equilibrium period, and 1°C amplitude. Effects of water plasticization on corn cakes were predicted by the Gordon-Taylor's equation. Moisture sorption isotherms were established using BET and GAB equations. Relationships were found among glass transition temperature, moisture content and cake texture. The loss of crispness of corn cakes occurred within the glassy state. The initial loss of crispness occurred around monolayer moisture content, and the complete loss of crispness occurred at about 9% moisture with the highest hardness.     

用木材测湿仪测量竹篾含水率的研究

研究了用木材测湿仪测量竹篾含水率的修正问题。根据烘干法通过线性回归分析对测量结果进行了修正,并计算了拟合优度,检验了回归关系的显著性和回归残差的分布,结果表明,用木材测湿仪测量竹篾含水率按回归方程y=1.172x-8.843修正是可行的。     

Acceptability and Sensory Analysis of Pork Summer Sausage from Pigs Administered Porcine Somatotropin

Summer sausages were formulated to contain 20% fat from the following raw meat sources: (1) pork and beef blend, (2) 100% pork from control pigs, and (3) 100% pork from pigs administered 4 mg/ day porcine somatotropin (pSt). Sausages were evaluated by a trained sensory panel and by 1192 consumers. Summer sausage from the pSt-treated pigs and the pork/beef blend was firmer and more chewy than that made from 100% control pork. The beef/pork blend sausage was darker, more red and less yellow when compared with sausage made with 100% pork. Sausage from pSt-treated pigs received greater acceptability scores and was preferred by 62% of consumers when compared with sausage from control pigs.     

浅谈木材含水率对刨花板生产的影响

阐述在刨花板生产过程中,含水率对木质原料储备、木片制备、刨花制备、刨花干燥、调施胶、热压的影响。     

Instrumental and Sensory Texture Attributes of High‐Protein Nutrition Bars Formulated with Extruded Milk Protein Concentrate

Previous instrumental study of high‐protein nutrition (HPN) bars formulated with extruded milk protein concentrate (MPC) indicated slower hardening compared to bars formulated with unmodified MPC. However, hardness, and its change during storage, insufficiently characterizes HPN bar texture. In this study, MPC80 was extruded at 2 different conditions and model HPN bars were prepared. A trained sensory panel and instrumental techniques were used to measure HPN bar firmness, crumbliness, fracturability, hardness, cohesiveness, and other attributes to characterize texture change during storage. Extrusion modification, storage temperature, and storage time significantly affected the instrumental and sensory panel measured texture attributes. The HPN bars became firmer and less cohesive during storage. When evaluated at the same storage conditions, the texture attributes of the HPN bars formulated with the different extrudates did not differ significantly from each other. However, textural differences were noted most of the time between the control and the HPN bars formulated with extruded MPC80. An adapted HPN bar crumbliness measurement technique produced results that were correlated with sensory panel measured crumbliness (r = 0.85) and cohesiveness (r = –0.84). Overall, the HPN bars formulated with extruded MPC80 were significantly softer, less crumbly, and more cohesive than the control during storage.     

古典制曲原料与水分今释

古代经典著作中多有关于制曲原料及制曲水分的经典论述,制曲原料要严格筛选,要求干净,无虫蛀,强调用细料,除用小麦,糯米外,亦加入了豆类,现在制曲原料较之广泛,因曲种而异,古代制曲用水较讲究,作神曲时多用沸水放冷,水曲则用新井水,水分控制以“干湿得所,带软为佳”,“……不可贪水,握得聚,扑得散,是其诀也”,但现在有些厂家制曲水分过低,亦不可取。     

转谷氨酰胺酶诱导调质大豆分离蛋白凝胶的水分分布及凝胶特性

利用低场核磁共振技术、质构仪、差示扫描量热仪等对调质大豆分离蛋白凝胶水分分布、凝胶特性及微观 结构进行测定,研究调质大豆分离蛋白的蛋白组成对转谷氨酰胺酶诱导的蛋白凝胶的影响。结果表明：调质大豆分 离蛋白中11S球蛋白所占比例对蛋白凝胶水分分布、凝胶特性及微观结构有显著相关性。11S球蛋白的质量分数由 60%提高到80%时,蛋白凝胶的横向弛豫时间T2先缩短后延长;凝胶的硬度、黏性、咀嚼性3 项指标值均有不同程 度的降低;蛋白凝胶的热稳定性先提高后降低,70%的11S球蛋白蛋白凝胶ΔH最低,凝胶中水分不易失去;11S球 蛋白质量分数分别为60%与70%的大豆分离蛋白凝胶形成的微观结构表面较平整,孔洞较小且相对均匀。     

水分含量对燕麦淀粉糊化老化特性影响的研究

本研究采用扫描电镜法、X-射线衍射法和差示扫描量热法(DSC),从淀粉的颗粒形貌特性、晶体结构特性和热力学特性的变化,来研究水分含量对燕麦淀粉糊化老化特性的影响。结果表明:燕麦淀粉的X-衍射图谱为A型,含水量较低(70%)时,老化后的燕麦淀粉凝胶质地坚硬表面空隙较大,衍射峰相对强度大,含水量较高(90%)时,凝胶表面质地均匀,衍射峰的相对强度较弱。燕麦淀粉重结晶晶体融化的起始温度(To)、顶点温度(Tp)、终止温度(Tc)和融化热焓值(ΔH),以及晶体生长速率均随含水量增加而降低,说明增加含水量可延缓燕麦淀粉老化;随着贮藏时间的延长焓值(ΔH)有所增加,说明燕麦淀粉老化度随贮藏时间延长而增加;同时,含水量在60%~90%时,燕麦淀粉重结晶的成核方式为一次成核。说明燕麦蒸煮类食品的老化度随着贮藏时间的延长而增加,但适当增加含水量可延缓贮藏过程中燕麦淀粉的老化现象。     

织物含水率在线检测系统研究

在纺织印染行业,湿度作为关键工艺参数,几乎贯穿于每一个工艺过程,对其进行检测尤为重要.为确保在印染过程中对织物湿度的准确测量,实现在线实时检测,本文在对织物的介电特性和微波的电磁特性分析和研究的基础上,提出了利用微波透射法在线检测织物湿度的方案.该系统基于微波测量原理,能在线测量织物含水率,具有无损检测,测量范围宽、不受材料颜色的影响、测量误差小、输出显示织物含水率等特性.通过试验,将微波测量法与烘箱法含水率检测方法相比,该系统具有使用方便、速度快、测量精度高等优点.     

Texture of Pecans Measured by Sensory and Instrumental Means

The texture of pecans (Carya illinoensis) from four cuhivars (Barton, Mahan, Western and Wichita) was analyzed using sensory and instrumental methods. Sensory hardness, flexibility and crispness were rated by trained panelists. Ranking of hardness and crispness was also carried out. A Texture Analyser TAXT2 was used for 50% compression, texture profile analysis (TPA), puncture and bending. Puncture and 50% compression gave best reproducibility, least variability and agreement with sensory data. The most relevant TPA parameters were cohesiveness, elasticity and fracturabihty. Parameters from the bending test did not indicate texture of the pecans suitably.     

新型油脂水分快速测定仪的研究

在研究油脂的水分－阻抗特性和温度－阻抗特性的基础上,设计了一种智能油脂水分快速测量仪器可望解决我国油脂现场水分快速,准确测量的难题。     

含水量对小麦麦仁膨化品质的影响

分析了小麦麦仁的含水量对麦仁膨化品质的影响,为小麦麦仁的精深加工提供科学依据。将小麦麦仁含水量调节到8%,10%,12%1,4%,16%,18%和20%7个水平,测定麦仁膨化品质。结果表明,在小麦麦仁品质和膨化压力等因素一致的条件下,小麦麦仁含水量对麦仁膨化品质的影响非常明显。最大的膨胀体积,鳞片大小和最小的未膨胀率在麦仁分含水量为16%取得。另外,膨化后的麦仁粉峰值黏度,谷值黏度,末值黏度,衰减值和回生值都比未膨化麦仁粉低,膨化后的麦仁粉凝胶硬度和咀嚼性比原麦仁粉降低。