电热膜加热技术在集油系统中的应用研究

对电热膜发热机理及发热特性进行了理论及试验研究,筛选出了适合于油田集油工艺特点要求的金属箔电热膜,并据此研制成功了电热膜井口加热装置。根据对电热膜加热集油流程进行的可行性分析,确定了改造方案,并在一个计量间所属的10口油井进行了试验。实际应用表明,以电热膜加热流程取代双管伴热流程,节能及经济效益显著。     

低温辐射电热膜在供暖系统中的应用

针对冬季供暖热费收缴难的问题,开发了一种节能环保供暖系统——低温辐射电热膜供暖系统。该系统不受空间限制,布膜方便,装饰效果佳。经过实际测试,室内温度波动小,达到18℃以上,完全符合暖通规范要求。     

铁路客车集便器污水的地面接收方式

通过对国内外快速客车集便污水排除情况的调研,结合某动车整备所的环境条件,对客车集便器污水的地面接收问题进行了研究,确定了集便器污水的地面接收方式,并且在该线设计中进行了应用.     

电热膜采暖系统的应用及探讨

阐述了电采暖系统的分类及发展过程,并对电热膜采暖系统的优点及不利因素重点进行了论述。     

新型低温辐射电热膜供暖系统在寒冷地区的应用

低温辐射电热膜供暖系统是一种先进的节能环保采暖系统,室内装有温控器,温度可根据需要调节和控制。电热供暖,解决了热费收缴难的问题。安装方式采用顶棚安装,不受空间限制,布膜方便,布线隐蔽,装饰效果佳。经过实际测试,室内温度完全符合暖通规范要求,该供暖系统适合在寒冷地区应用。     

新型低温辐射金属电热膜的开发和应用

低温辐射电热膜是一种新型的环保采暖材料,针对目前低温辐射金属电热膜产品复合不牢、性能不稳定、安装性差的缺点,对其制造的关键技术进行了研究和试验,提出了各生产工序的技术要点,完善了生产工艺流程.通过对研制的新型低温辐射金属电热膜进行现场测试,各项指标符合技术要求,室内温度达到暖通规范要求.     

低温辐射电热膜供暖系统的应用及开发设计初步

随着近年来国内电力供应市场紧张形势的不断缓解，一些地区的电力供大于求，国内市场出现了许多以电力为能源的供暖产品，其中有部分进口产品。电热膜即是由美国引进的一种技术先进、性能可靠、系统性强、安全舒适的供暖产品。将电热膜与室内装修巧妙地结合为一体，用温控器自动控制室温，其组成的系统不但安全可靠，而且可以有效地利用室内的自由热和室外的太阳辐射热，具有一定的节能作用。从1992年至今的近六年多的实验研究和工程设计实践，总结了一些实际经验，为今后的设计打下了一定的基础。文中主要介绍该系统在国内的应用情况和设计中的一些安装方式的选择等问题。     

电热膜低温辐射采暖在我国大规模推广的前景分析

应用电热膜低温辐射系统 ,效益可观、安全可靠、便利、舒适卫生 ,投资低与电费适宜 ,高效节能 ,有利于城市可持续发展 ,尤其有利于供热和供电事业 ,应用前景广阔。     

稀土在铜铅轴瓦合金中的应用

0前言 轴瓦是内燃机摩擦付中最主要零件之一,随着发动机朝着高速、高负荷强化的方向发展,对轴瓦的材质和它的耐磨性、抗疲劳性方面提出更严格的要求。在生产国外机车及船用轴瓦中了解到,大马力柴油机的轴瓦材质均为含铅≥20％的铅青铜,铅青铜是很有价值的耐磨材料,由于多数铅青铜如[CuPb25Sn、CuPb24Sn4、CnPb20Sn3）等都含有不等的锡,因而曾被称作高铅锡青铜。在铅青铜中铅是以孤立状态分布在铜基体中,软的铅质点在摩擦受力时起润滑作用,所以铅青铜具有很小的摩擦系数和很高的耐磨性能,耐疲劳性能亦很高。国产大马力柴油机随着强化指标的不断提高,轴瓦的承载能力加大,因此相继用铜铅合金取代铅基合金和锡基合金。为了适用平均有效压力和转     

Experimental study on the electrolytic treatment of ammonia and chlorine in the wastewater from the precipitation of rare earth carbonate

The high concentration of ammonium chloride in the wastewater from the precipitation of rare earth carbonate was studied by an electrolytic method in this paper. The decomposition rate of ammonium chloride is obtained by electrolysis experiment, and the main components of wastewater can be transformed into raw and auxiliary materials that can be reused in the rare earth smelting process, so as to achieve the purpose of treating rare earth carbonate precipitation wastewater and provide a new method for the treatment of rare earth carbonate precipitation wastewater. The principle of the electrolysis process is analyzed in this study, and the optimum electrolysis factor is determined by the condition experiment. The changes in membrane materials and electrode materials before and after use are discussed. The experiments of stripping ammonia water and the reaction conditions of the formation experiment of ammonium bicarbonate are studied. The rare earth carbonate precipitation wastewater with the initial ammonium chloride concentration of 50 g/L was electrolyzed. The concentration of ammonia chloride was reduced to 3.5 g/L after electrolysis, and the electrolysis rate exceeded 90%. The purity of the ammonium chloride after electrolysis could exceed 93%. No industrial reagent was introduced in the electrolysis process, and no other pollutants were produced.     

Control of spectral emittance using a rare‐earth oxide film coated on a ceramic plate

The spectral emission of a ceramic plate coated with a rare‐earth oxide thin film was investigated for thermophotovoltaic (TPV) applications using a one‐dimensional radiative transfer analysis. The selective emitter has emission bands at wavelengths around 1 and 1.5 μm due to erbium. In the temperature range between 1400 and 1500 K, the radiant energy within these bands is remarkably large, because the Planck distribution has a peak at a wavelength of approximately 2 μm. In addition, the spectral response of a GaSb TPV cell has a peak at around 1.5 μm; therefore, the radiant energy of the emission bands is quite useful for the TPV generation of electricity. The total spectral efficiency for both the 1 μm and 1.5 μm bands reaches a maximum value of 0.295 for a film thickness between 0.2 and 0.3 mm. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.20286     

稀土精矿冶炼炉窑的高温烟气资源化利用研究

稀土精矿冶炼炉窑是稀土生产工艺的核心装备,会产生大量含氟酸性高温烟气,其中氟化物0.81％、硫酸雾1.06％、二氧化硫0.23％,同时温度达300℃以上,烟气余热丰富,烟气成分的复杂性和特殊性为余热及资源回收利用带来挑战.介绍一种新的稀土精矿冶炼炉窑的高温烟气余热利用技术及其现场中试情况.根据物质流、能量流守恒计算了烟...     

On the feasibility of colored glazed thermal solar collectors based on thin film interference filters

Glazed thermal solar collectors, typically equipped with black, optical selective absorber sheets, exhibit good energy conversion efficiency. However, the black color, and sometimes the visibility of tubes and corrugations of the metal sheets, limit the architectural integration into buildings. In order to overcome this drawback, interference filters are considered as a promising approach. Multilayered thin film stacks deposited on the cover glass can produce a colored reflection hiding the black absorber without a great loss of energy. These interference filters are designed and optimized by numerical simulation. Such coatings are deposited by vacuum processes (e.g. magnetron sputtering) and also via the SolGel method. Optical measurements, such as real-time laser-reflectometry and spectrophotometry, are suitable to determine film thicknesses and optical constants of individual layers, and to measure color coordinates and solar transmittance for the multilayer stacks. Advantages and disadvantages of the different coating processes are discussed.     

Major and rare earth element contents in sedimentary rocks of the Haymana formation,Ankara, Turkey

The study area is located 4 km east of Haymana, Ankara, Turkey. Major and rare earth element (REE) contents in samples collected from siltstone, carbonaceous claystone, and marl of the Haymana formation in the studied region and their distribution with respect to lithology and correlation relations yield important data on the evaluation of forming conditions of basin. Regarding the abundance of elements in various lithologies, the first and second group elements (SiO₂, Al₂O₃, Na₂O, TiO₂, P₂O₅ and Fe₂O₃, K₂O, REE) are more abundant in carbonaceous claystone and siltstone than that in marl, indicating that they are of detrital origin and controlled by clays. The abundance of CaO and TOT/C is lesser in siltstone than that in carbonaceous claystone and marl, implying that they are in marine origin. This is also supported by the correlation of elements. Based on REE abundances, lithologies are ranked in the order of claystone > siltstone > marl, which indicates that clays play an important role in REE enrichment. Correlation of REEs with major elements is indicative of detrital source and association with clay minerals. All the samples are represented by slightly negative Ce anomaly and positive Eu anomaly. Negative Ce and positive Eu anomalies are mostly typically of high oxygenated environments. Since negative Ce anomaly restricts oxygen enrichment to some extent, deposition environment might reflect oxic-anoxic conditions.     

稀土固体超强酸SO42-/SnO2-CeO2催化合成生物柴油

以工业棕榈酸和甲醇为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备稀土固体超强酸催化剂SO42-/SnO2-CeO2,催化合成生物柴油。考察了稀土氧化铈添加量、焙烧温度、焙烧时间、硫酸浓度、醇酸质量比、催化剂用量和反应时间对酯化反应的影响。结果表明,当氧化铈添加量为5%时,在2.0 mol/L硫酸浸渍后,于550℃下焙烧3 h制备的催化剂性能最好。正交试验结果表明,合成生物柴油的优化条件为醇酸质量比为15∶25,催化剂用量为棕榈酸质量的4%,反应时间为4 h,在此条件下,酯化率为95.4%。经GC-MS分析,酯产物主要为直链十六烷酸甲酯和10-十八碳烯酸甲酯。     

Computation of the solar irradiance incident on concentrating collectors based in Turkey

This study aims to provide thorough information on the solar radiation received by the five main design types of concentrating collectors for the conditions of Turkey. These are namely, compound parabolic concentrator with north-south axis and east-west axis alignment, parabolic trough with north-south axis and east-west axis tracking, and concentrator with two-axis tracking. Either daily or hourly means of solar radiation are calculated for different slope, orientation and area concentration ratio (or half-acceptance angle). In this study, a computer program, based on previously developed correlations, is used. Through the graphical display, the results are presented for the six climatologically different stations which are representative of the country's conditions. With some modifications, the results will be valid for almost all known designs of concentrating collectors.     

The effect of diffuse/indirect light on the energy gain of solar thermal collectors

An extension of previous studies, which did not treat quantitatively possible effect of diffuse skylight on the enhancement of energy gain of solar thermal collectors when sun-tracking instead of fixed position is used, involved consideration of possible contribution of the former to the overall solar power and energy received on the ground under different conditions (time of a year, degree of overcast). The effect on the efficiency of two types of solar thermal collectors: a standard (fixed) one and one of adjustable orientation, is considered. Also, possible advantage of orienting adjustable-position collectors towards maximum light (light-tracking) instead of the astronomic position of the sun (sun-tracking) was discussed, as to conclude that little is to be gained and even that only at the sky totally covered by clouds. Some experimental proof of the validity of conclusions is presented.     

Optimization of systems with the combination of ground-source heat pump and solar collectors in dwellings

The use of ground-source heat pumps for heating and domestic hot water in dwellings is common in Sweden. The combination with solar collectors has been introduced to reduce the electricity demand in the system.     

稀土铁铬铝合金的研究

电渣双联法生产稀土铁铬铝合金时,稀土在三相有衬电渣炉中的最佳加入量为0.5％。重熔后的残余含量在0.055％～0.075％时,合金的高温快速寿命比不加稀土的提高一倍左右,成材率、合格率有所提高,成本有所降低。