柚皮水提液耐缺氧抗疲劳的研究

观察了柚皮水提液的耐缺氧与抗疲劳作用。以小鼠为研究对象,随机分为正常对照组、柚皮水提液小剂量、中剂量和大剂量组,连续灌胃10d。采用断头缺氧、常压耐缺氧及负重游泳等实验方法,观察小鼠断头后张口呼吸时间、常压缺氧存活时间及游泳存活时间。结果发现,1g/mL和2g/mL柚皮水提液能明显延长小鼠断头后张口呼吸时间和常压缺氧存活时间(p<0.01),显著延长力竭游泳时间(分别为p<0.05和p<0.01),明显提高肝糖原和肌糖原含量(p<0.01)。柚皮水提液具有提高小鼠耐缺氧和抗疲劳能力的作用。     

哈蟆油降血脂、耐缺氧和抗疲劳的功能研究

研究哈蟆油降血脂、耐缺氧和抗疲劳功能。运用酶法测大鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量;观察小鼠常压耐缺氧存活时间及负重游泳时间,测定小鼠血乳酸含量。结果显示哈蟆油能显著降低大鼠TC和TG的含量;显著延长小鼠常压缺氧存活时间及负重游泳时间,显著降低其血乳酸含量。说明哈蟆油具有辅助降血脂、抗疲劳和耐缺氧功能。     

鹿茸多肽对小鼠耐缺氧和抗疲劳能力的影响

实验观察鹿茸多肽(pilose antler polypeptide,PAP)对小鼠耐缺氧和抗疲劳能力的影响.实验设立对照组和实验组(PAP低剂量、中剂量和高剂量组),其中实验组灌胃给予高、中、低剂量的PAP,对照组灌胃给予同低剂量PAP组相同体积的生理盐水.连续灌胃30d,常压耐缺氧法观察小鼠存活时间,断头缺氧缺血法观察小鼠张口喘气时间,并观察小鼠爬杆时间、负重游泳时间,测定游泳前、游泳后0min和20min血清乳酸含量的变化.结果显示PAP能显著增加小鼠常压缺氧存活时间、断头喘气时间、爬杆时间和负重游泳时间;并能显著降低游泳后血清乳酸的增加量.说明PAP能够提高小鼠耐缺氧和抗疲劳的能力.     

蛤蟆油水溶性总蛋白药理作用研究

目的:研究蛤蟆油水溶性总蛋白耐缺氧、抗疲劳及辅助降血脂功效学作用。方法:测定小鼠常压耐缺氧存活时间、体重变化和负重游泳时间,酶联法检测大鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)等指标含量。结果:蛤蟆油水溶性总蛋白能显著延长常压耐缺氧存活时间(P<0.05),延长小鼠负重游泳时间,显著降低血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯含量(P<0.05)。结论:蛤蟆油水溶性总蛋白具有耐缺氧和辅助降血脂作用。     

复方中药功能液抗疲劳和耐缺氧作用的综合评价

目的:观察复方中药功能液对受试小鼠的抗疲劳和耐缺氧作用。方法:根据卫生部《保健食品的功能学评价程序和检验方法》中抗疲劳和耐缺氧作用的检验方法进行实验研究。结果:复方中药功能液能明显地延长小白鼠负重游泳时间(P<0.05或P<0.01);能不同程度地延长缺氧条件下小鼠的存活时间及脑存活时间;明显地增加了运动后小白鼠的肝糖元含量(P<0.01);降低了小白鼠血清中的尿素氮、乳酸脱氢酶、尿激酶等指标,增加了血糖、红细胞、血红蛋白等指标(P<0.05或P<0.01),对白细胞数等指标影响不明显;对小白鼠体重的增长也无显著影响。结论:此复方中药功能液具有明显的抗疲劳和耐缺氧作用,且当实验剂量为0.3～0.4mL/d时,受试30d小鼠的抗疲劳和耐缺氧作用效果最明显。     

蜂王浆主蛋白对小鼠的抗疲劳作用

为了探讨蜂王浆主蛋白对小鼠抗疲劳能力的作用及其生理机制,通过给小鼠灌胃低、中、高3个剂量组蜂王浆主蛋白,同时设立对照组,观察小鼠体重、脏器系数、负重游泳时间、常压和急性耐缺氧时间、肝糖原和肌糖原含量、血乳酸、乳酸脱氢酶、尿素氮等指标的变化。结果表明:蜂王浆主蛋白能延长小鼠负重游泳时间,显著增加小鼠肝糖原和肌糖原含量,减少小鼠运动后血乳酸含量,减少小鼠运动后尿素氮的积累。此外,在常压耐缺氧实验中,与空白对照组相比,蜂王浆主蛋白高剂量组可显著延长小鼠在密闭缺氧条件下的存活时间;在急性脑缺血性缺氧实验中,各实验组张口喘气时间均长于对照组。蜂王浆主蛋白对小鼠具有显著的抗疲劳的作用。     

冬虫夏草菌丝体多糖对小鼠抗疲劳和耐缺氧能力的影响

目的:探讨冬虫夏草菌丝体所提取的虫草多糖(CSP)对小鼠抗疲劳及耐缺氧能力的作用。方法:将昆明小鼠随机分为3组,分别为CSP高剂量组、CSP低剂量组、空白对照组。CSP实验组分别灌胃高、低剂量的CSP(150、300mg/kg),空白对照组灌胃生理盐水,连续灌胃45d后,以负重游泳时间、血乳酸含量、尿素氮含量、肝糖原含量为指标考察CSP对小鼠抗疲劳能力的影响;分别以小鼠在密闭空间中,注射NaNO2后的存活时间考察CSP对小鼠耐缺氧能力的影响。结果:CSP低剂量组和CSP高剂量组小鼠在常压缺氧环境下存活时间为(27.45±3.23)、(26.36±2.02)min较空白对照组(22.78±2.10)min显著延长(p<0.05);注射NaNO2后,CSP高剂量组和CSP低剂量组小鼠存活时间分别为(23.07±2.16)、(25.22±1.05)min,较空白对照组(17.56±3.17)min显著延长(p<0.05);CSP低剂量组,CSP高剂量组负重游泳时间为(8.03±1.88)、(8.03±1.88)min;游泳后20min的血乳酸含量为(19.87±1.17)、(20.76±1.72)mmol/L(p<0.05);血乳酸清除率为23.04%、20.45%;尿素氮含量为(34.99±5.03)、(36.79±4.08)mmol/L(p<0.05);肝糖原含量为(18.63±1.17)、(18.37±6.25)mmol/L(p<0.05);各项指标与空白对照组比较,差异性显著。结论:CSP能显著提高小鼠的抗疲劳能力和耐缺氧能力。     

滁菊多糖抗疲劳耐缺氧作用效果观察

目的:观察滁菊多糖的抗疲劳耐缺氧作用。方法:取雄性小鼠60只,随机分为正常对照组、红景天胶囊组和滁菊多糖高、中、低剂量组,每组12只。灌胃给药,每日1次,连续5d,观察滁菊多糖对小鼠负重游泳时间,血乳酸(BLA)、血尿素氮(BUN)和肝糖原(HG)含量,断头小鼠的呼吸次数、呼吸维持时间及小鼠缺氧存活时间的影响。结果:滁菊多糖能显著延长负重小鼠的游泳时间,降低疲劳小鼠BLA、BUN含量,升高HG含量,提高断头小鼠的呼吸次数,延长呼吸维持时间和小鼠常压耐缺氧存活时间。结论:滁菊多糖具有抗疲劳和提高耐缺氧能力作用。     

繁枝蜈蚣藻多糖对小鼠抗疲劳和耐缺氧作用研究

为研究繁枝蜈蚣藻多糖对小鼠抗疲劳和耐缺氧能力的影响,采用游泳抗疲劳试验、快速断头试验、密闭缺氧试验、抗亚硝酸钠中毒试验.结果表明:低、中剂量的繁枝蜈蚣藻多糖能够显著提高小鼠游泳耐力,高剂量的繁枝蜈蚣藻多糖能够显著延长断头小鼠的喘息时间,中剂量的能够显著延长小鼠在密闭缺氧,高剂量的繁枝蜈蚣藻多糖能够显著延长亚硝酸钠中毒后存活时间.     

泰山沙棘果抗炎镇痛及耐缺氧抗疲劳作用研究

目的:研究沙棘果的抗炎镇痛及耐缺氧抗疲劳作用。方法:二甲苯法和扭体法研究抗炎镇痛作用,游泳实验和耐缺氧实验研究抗疲劳及耐缺氧作用。结果:沙棘果提取物具有显著镇痛作用(p<0.01),水提物较醇提物效果明显,沙棘果醇提物有抗炎作用(p<0.05),而水提物作用不明显;沙棘果提取物能增强小鼠的抗疲劳能力和耐缺氧能力(p<0.05)。结论:沙棘果具有镇痛抗炎作用及增强小鼠耐缺氧能力和抗疲劳能力,且呈剂量-效应关系。     

Probiotics and prebiotics--perspectives and challenges

Owing to their health benefits, probiotics and prebiotics are nowadays widely used in yogurts and fermented milks, which are leader products of functional foods worldwide. The world market for functional foods has grown rapidly in the last three decades, with an estimated size in 2003 of ca US$ 33 billion, while the European market estimation exceeded US$ 2 billion in the same year. However, the production of probiotics and prebiotics at industrial scale faces several challenges, including the search for economical and abundant raw materials for prebiotic production, the low-cost production of probiotics and the improvement of probiotic viability after storage or during the manufacturing process of the functional food. In this review, functional foods based on probiotics and prebiotics are introduced as a key biotechnological field with tremendous potential for innovation. A concise state of the art addressing the fundamentals and challenges for the development of new probiotic- and prebiotic-based foods is presented, the niches for future research being clearly identified and discussed.     

常用消毒灭菌法及其机理与应用

介绍了采用消毒灭菌方法,有加热消毒法,紫外线辐射法和化学药剂消毒法。常用化学药剂有醛类、含氯消毒剂、醇类消毒剂以及高锰酸钾、生石灰等,阐释了消毒与灭菌两个概念的区别。     

European citizen and consumer attitudes and preferences regarding beef and pork

This paper presents the combined mid-term findings of the consumer research components of two EU Sixth Framework Programme integrated projects concerning meat, ProSafeBeef and Q-PorkChains. The consumer pillar of ProSafeBeef carried out eight focus group discussions in May 2008, in France, Germany, Spain and the UK. Q-PorkChains conducted a large-scale, web-based, consumer survey in January 2008 in Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Greece and Poland. The first project provides a set of qualitative data from a small cohort of focus groups and the second a set of quantitative data from a larger consumer sample. This paper draws together the main findings of both projects and provides a comprehensive overview of European citizens’ and consumers’ attitudes towards and preferences regarding beef and pork. In general, consumers consider meat to be a healthy and important component of the diet. Consumers support the development of technologies that can improve the health attributes of meat products and guarantee eating quality, but they have a negative view of what they see to be excessive manipulation and lack of naturalness in the production and processing of beef products. In the Q-PorkChains study consumer and citizen segments are identified and profiled. Consumer segments were built upon the frequency and variety of pork consumption. The citizen segments were built upon their attitudes towards pig production systems. Overall, the relationship between individuals’ views as citizens and their behaviour as consumers was found to be quite weak and did not appear to greatly or systematically influence meat-buying habits. Future studies in both projects will concentrate on consumers’ acceptance of innovative meat product concepts and products, with the aim of boosting consumer trust and invigorating the European beef and pork industries.     

毛霉型低盐速成豆豉工业化生产工艺与设备

本文介绍了毛霉型低盐速成豆豉的工业化生产工艺及生产线的关键设备。     

原花色素及其开发应用

对原花色素的结构、化学特性、制备、分析方法、应用前景作一综述,并重点讨论其生理功能,为在功能性食品、药物、化妆品等领域的深入研究和开发提供参考。     

益生素、益生菌与结肠癌

介绍了益生素和益生菌及其作用机理。在动物模型中，有大量的数据证实益生素和益生菌能够预防癌症．而在人体内还没有直接实验证据。它们抑制癌症的确切机理目前尚不清楚，其抑制机理可能是：肠道菌群代谢活动的改变，肠道理化环境的改变，潜在的致癌物质的黏附和降解，肠道菌群的改变、抗癌或抗诱变物质的形成、提高宿主的免疫应答、影响宿主的生理活动以及发酵不能被消化的食物并形成有益代谢产物。     

组学技术与果蔬采后质量和安全控制

果蔬可以提供营养, 有利于人类健康, 而果蔬的后熟及其与环境的相互作用会影响果蔬采后的质量和安全。对果蔬生物学过程的了解和掌握是减少果蔬采后损失和保障果蔬采后质量和安全的关键。在过去的10多年, 基于组学技术的系统生物学在了解果蔬后熟及其与环境相互作用的分子机制方面得到了越来越多的应用。本文对此做了细致的总结, 指出了存在的不足, 并提出了未来的发展方向。     

天然香精香料与生物技术

天然香精香料是高价值的精细化工产品和食品添加剂,但原料来源有限且提取成本高。利用生物技术生产这类产品具有广阔的前景。简述了发酵工程、酶工程、细胞工程和基因工程在香精香料中的应用,并探讨了生物技术在香精香料中的应用前景。     

节能节水型印染助剂和设备的现状

从节能、节水、缩短工艺流程和环保的角度出发,介绍了国内外研制开发的一系列新型节能、节水型印染助剂和染整设备。     

Heritability and correlations for body condition score and dairy form within and across lactation and age

The objectives of the current study were to investigate the relationship between body condition score (BCS) and dairy form and changes in genetic parameters for BCS and dairy form within and across lactations and age. Body condition score and dairy form were obtained from the Holstein Association USA, Inc. Records were edited to include those cows classified between 24 and 60 mo of age and between 0 and 335 d in milk (DIM). A minimum of 20 daughters per sire and 15 cows per herd-classification visit were required. The dataset consisted of 135,178 records from 119,215 cows. Repeatability, multiple trait, and random regression models were used to analyze the data. All models included fixed effects for herd-classification visit, age within lactations 1, 2, and 3 or higher, and 5th-order polynomials for DIM. Random effects included sire and permanent environment for all models. Random regression models included age at classification nested within sire or DIM and lactation number nested within sire. Genetic variance for both BCS and dairy form was lowest in early lactation and highest in midlactation. Genetic correlations within and across lactations were high. The genetic correlation between DIM 0 in lactation 1 and DIM 305 in lactation 3 was estimated to be 0.77 for BCS and 0.60 for dairy form. The genetic correlation estimate between 30 mo of age at classification and 50 mo of age at classification was 0.94 for both dairy form and BCS. The repeatability models appeared to generate accurate evaluations for BCS or dairy form at all ages and stages of lactation.