新型聚异氰脲酸硬质泡沫材料的制备及性能研究

聚异氰脲酸硬质泡沫材料是由PM-200（异氰酸酯和二苯甲烷二异氰酸盐的混合物）、异氰脲酸苯酐聚醚酯多元醇（IPPEP）或聚环氧丙烷多元醇在异氰酸酯指数为200的情况下制备的。考察了IPPEP对泡沫材料的热稳定性和阻燃性能的影响,并讨论了n（PO）∶n（PA）对IPPEP基泡沫材料力学性能的影响。结果表明：IPPEP的使用使聚氨酯泡沫材料的玻璃化转变温度提高了45℃,热分解温度由510℃提高到540℃,氧指数提高到23.3%。随着n（PO）∶n（PA）的降低,泡沫材料的拉伸强度和压缩强度呈现先增加后降低的趋势。     

头盔衬垫用聚氨酯泡沫塑料的制备与性能研究

介绍聚氨酯（PUR）泡沫塑料的制备原理,对硬质PUR泡沫塑料、半硬质PUR泡沫塑料和聚苯乙烯（PS）泡沫塑料的力学性能及其在不同环境条件下的性能变化进行对比分析,并对成型出的硬质和半硬质PUR泡沫塑料衬垫进行穿透和碰撞试验。结果表明,硬质PUR泡沫塑料的韧性较PS泡沫塑料高,强度较PS泡沫塑料低,但随着密度的增大,硬质PUR泡沫塑料的力学性能与PS泡沫塑料的差距减小;PUR泡沫塑料的耐环境性优于PS泡沫塑料;硬质和半硬质PUR泡沫塑料衬垫的抗穿透性能和碰撞性能满足GJB1564—1992的技术要求,PUR泡沫塑料可以取代PS泡沫塑料用于飞行员头盔衬垫。     

稀土金属氧化物与聚磷酸铵阻燃剂协同作用的研究

从聚合物材料的燃料特点出发，分析和讨论了聚合物材料的阻燃特性。实验采用添加无机阻燃剂聚磷酸铵及稀土金属氧化物，提高了硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的阻燃性能，并研究了添加型无机阻燃剂与硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料氧指数的关系，得出了一些规律性结果，这些结果对进一步研究耐燃的硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料配方有一定的指导意义。     

改性条件对阻燃型硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料性能的影响

选择阻燃剂三聚氰胺和甲基磷酸二甲酯（DMMP）对硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料进行阻燃改性,研究了异氰酸酯指数、水、三聚氰胺以及DMMP添加量对硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料阻燃性能和拉伸强度的影响主次顺序。结果表明,添加三聚氰胺和DMMP可以提高硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的阻燃性能,当三聚氰胺的添加量为25份、DMMP的添加量为25份、异氰酸酯指数为1.15、水添加量为1.5份时,硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的综合性能最佳。     

聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺硬质泡沫塑料

聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺（PMI）硬质泡沫塑料很长时间以来就为大家所知,它是一种交联、闭孔的泡沫塑料,而且由于其优异的机械性能和低的重量而有广泛的应用,特别是生产层状材料、层压材料、复合材料或泡沫复合体,是制造高性能夹层结构的理想芯层材料。综述了聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺（PMI）硬质泡沫塑料的性能特点、制备以及它的一些应用情况。PMI硬质泡沫塑料代表着新型的高性能泡沫塑料的研究方向。     

新型芳香族聚酯多元醇的合成与性能研究

用对苯二甲酸、苯酐、二元醇、三元醇等多元醇为原料制备新型芳香族聚酯多元醇,考察了聚酯多元醇酸值、羟值与其醇酸摩尔比的关系,以及酸值与反应时间的关系,并将其用于制备硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料,讨论了新型聚酯多元醇对硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的性能影响。     

T-ZnO/RPUF复合材料力学性能的研究

实验制备了四针状氧化锌（T-ZnO）晶须/硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料（RPUF）复合材料,研究了复合材料的拉伸性能、压缩性能、冲击性能和阻尼减振性能,并用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）研究了该复合材料的内部形态.结果表明,T-ZnO不能提高复合材料的拉伸性能、压缩性能和冲击性能,但可以提高材料在玻璃态的阻尼性能.     

各因素对聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料垂直燃烧性能的影响研究

以聚醚多元醇、异氰酸酯为主料,通过添加阻燃剂DMMP、三聚氰胺制备了聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料,研究了异氰酸酯指数、水、三聚氰胺和甲基磷酸二甲酯（DMMP）的添加量对聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料垂直燃烧性能的影响。结果表明,当异氰酸酯指数为1.20,水、三聚氰胺、DMMP的添加量分别为2、35、30份时,聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料的垂直燃烧性能最佳,垂直燃烧级别为FV-0,对应的压缩强度为8.86 MPa。     

耐高温聚异氰脲酸酯硬质泡沫塑料的制备

以聚醚多元醇、MDI、三聚催化刑DMP-30、发泡刑、均泡刑等原料，制备了聚氨基甲酸酯改性聚异氰脲酸酯(PU—PIR)硬质泡沫塑料。该硬质泡沫塑料可长期在150℃下使用，是相对于聚氨酯硬质泡塑料的一种耐高温硬质泡沫塑料。可广泛应用于工矿企业设备、管道及建筑业等的隔热保温。     

硬质泡沫塑料耐热性测试方法研究

在分析泡沫塑料受热行为的基础上,对硬质聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺(PMI)、聚氨酯(PUR)、酚醛(PF)及交联硬质聚氯乙烯(PVC)泡沫塑料进行了差示扫描量热(DSC)、热失重(TG)、静态热机械分析(TMA)、马丁耐热温度、热变形温度(HDT)、尺寸稳定性、高温压缩蠕变、均匀受压时高温体积收缩率等热性能测试。研究表明,DSC,TG,TMA等热分析仅反映了硬质泡沫塑料中聚合物部分的耐热性,不能反映硬质泡沫塑料的整体耐热性,也不能反映密度对耐热性的影响;依照GB/T 1699–2003测试马丁耐热温度的方法和依照GB/T 1634–2004测试HDT的方法不适用于硬质泡沫塑料耐热性的测试;依照GB/T 8811–2008测试的尺寸稳定性和依照DIN 53424–1978测试的HDT可以初步作为硬质泡沫塑料耐热性的表征方法;依照GB/T 15048–1994测试高温压缩蠕变的方法以及依据固化工艺条件测试均匀受压时的体积收缩率的方法能够更加准确地表征硬质泡沫塑料的实际耐热性。     

Fabrication of polyamide 12T micro-cellular foams with ultra-high compressive strength via in situ polytetrafluoroethylene fibrillation using supercritical carbon dioxide foaming

The development of micro-cellular foams with ultra-high compressive strength and high volume expansion ratio (VER) is a challenging task. Herein, polyamide 12T (PA12T) micro-cellular foams with ultra-high compressive strength were fabricated via in situ polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) fibrillation using supercritical CO₂ foaming technology and a chain extender. The resulting branched structure showed considerably improved viscoelasticity and foaming performance, thus improving the cell morphology of the PA12T foam and exhibiting high VER. The PTFE fibrillation network induced melt strength enhancement, crystallization nucleation, and cell nucleation. The branched PA12T foam with 1.5 wt% PTFE exhibited the smallest cell diameter (15 μm) and highest cell density (3 × 10⁹ cells/cm³). The compressive strength of the foam (0.50 MPa under 5% strain) was 70% higher than that of pure PA12T. This research offers an effective method for producing high-VER PA12T foams with adjustable micro-cellular structures and excellent mechanical properties.     

Additive manufactured polyamide foams with periodic grid as templates for the production of functional coated carbon-bonded alumina foam filters

For the industrial production of metal melt filters, the replica technique is established since several decades. The polyurethane foams used as templates show a rather random structure with several defects which are transferred into the final filter structure after the replication. In order to generate filters with periodic structure and low amount of defects, a periodic foam model was used and open cell foams were produced by selective laser sintering of aged polyamide 12 (PA12). The PA12 foams were then used as sacrificial templates for the replica technique in the production route of Al₂O₃-C filters with functional coatings based on a cold sprayed Al₂O₃-C coating or a flame sprayed coating based on Al₂O₃. The differences in geometry between the computer-generated model foam, the sacrificial PA12 foam, the foam after carbonization, and the additional functionalized filters with the cold and hot coating were analyzed by computed tomography. Based on CT-data isosurfaces of the foams were generated to virtualize and distinguish the differences. Preliminary mechanical tests showed a higher cold crushing strength for the filters coated via flame-spray technique than the cold coating.     

Preparation and characterization of acrylonitrile–styrene–methylmethacrylate terpolymer as a compatibilizer for rubber blends

Acrylonitrile‐co‐styrene‐co‐methylmethacrylate (AN‐S‐MMA) terpolymer was prepared by bulk and emulsifier‐free emulsion polymerization techniques. The bulk and emulsion terpolymers were characterized by means of Fourierr transform infrared spectroscopy, ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, thermal gravimetric analysis, and elemental analysis. The kinetics of the terpolymerization were studied. The terpolymers were then incorporated into butadiene—acrylonitrile rubber (NBR)/ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber (EPDM) blends and into chloroprene rubber (CR)/EPDM blend. The terpolymers were then tested for potential as compatibilizers by using scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. The terpolymers improved the compatibility of CR/EPDM and NBR/EPDM blends. The physicomechanical properties of CR/EPDM and NBR/EPDM blend vulcanizates revealed that the incorporation of terpolymers was advantageous, since they resulted in blend vulcanizates with higher 100% moduli and with more thermally stable mechanical properties than the individual rubbers. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 3143–3153, 2003     

The effect of chemical composition on the miscibility of styrene/acrylonitrile/fumaronitrile terpolymers with styrene/acrylonitrile copolymers

Blends were prepared of styrene–acrylonitrile–fumaronitrile (SANFN) terpolymers with styrene–acrylonitrile (SAN) copolymers and of SANFN terpolymers with SANFN terpolymers of different compositions. Miscibility was determined by differential scanning calorimetry. For three SANFN terpolymer compositions containing 11–17% fumaronitrile, a range of miscible SAN copolymers was defined. The miscibility can be predicted by using a Flory–Huggins-type mean-field approach.     

PBS基三元共聚物的合成及性能研究

在PBS主链中同时引入己内酯(CL)和1,4-环己烷二甲醇(1,4-CHDM),或CL和二乙醇酸(DGA)得到了PBS-co-PCL-co-CHDM和PBS-co-PCL-co-DGA三元共聚物。通过1H-NMR、FTIR对三元共聚物的结构进行了表征,并采用热分析、广角X射线衍射分析和拉力试验比较了三元共聚物的性能。结果表明:随着CL、1,4-CHDM、DGA的引入,三元共聚物的结晶尺寸有所减小,结晶度降低,与PBS相比晶型略有变化;并且tanδ均增大,而储能模量均降低;在CL同时存在的条件下,1,4-CHDM的加入使共聚物的的玻璃化温度(Tg)上升为-30℃,DGA的加入却使Tg下降为-36℃,但二者的热分解温度仍在300℃以上;改性后三元共聚物的柔韧性增强断,裂伸长率显著提高。     

Synthesis and characterization of suspension terpolymer of N‐cyclohexylmaleimide,methyl methacrylate,and styrene

N‐cyclohexylmaleimide (ChMI) and styrene (St) were polymerized with methyl methacrylate (MMA) at different St feed content by suspension polymerization method. The glass transition temperatures (T_g) of the terpolymers were detected by torsional braid analysis (TBA). Two transition peaks in TBA curves of the terpolymers with a high St content illustrated that these terpolymers have a heterogeneous chain structure and the phase separation occurred. The lower transition temperature, T_g1, was assigned to the random St‐MMA components, and the higher transition temperature, T_g2, was assigned to the St‐ChMI units‐rich segments. Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) revealed that all the terpolymers showed a two‐step degradation process. The tensile strength of the terpolymers decrease with increasing St content while the impact strength tended to increase slightly. The rheological behavior of the terpolymers was also detected. The result illustrated that the terpolymers showed rheological behavior similar to that of pseudoplastic liquid. The apparent shear viscosity decreased with the increasing of St content. All terpolymers have a higher value of flow n than the poly(MMA‐co‐ChMI). © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 918–922, 2006     

Polymers of vinylphosphonic acid,acrylonitrile, and methyl acrylate and their nanofibers

In this study, a small amount of vinylphosphonic acid was used to produce fire-retardant copolymers and terpolymers from acrylonitrile and methyl acrylate. The structures of copolymer and terpolymers were elucidated by ¹H-NMR and phosphorous analysis. Thermal decomposition of vinylphosphonic acid-containing copolymers and terpolymers started at lower temperatures than of poly(acrylonitrile-co-methyl acrylate). Methyl acrylate contributes to the thermal resistance of the terpolymers. Poly(acrylonitrile-co-methyl acrylate-co-vinylphosphonic acid) with a phosphorous content about 0.25% burned at a slower rate and emitted less smoke compared to poly(acrylonitrile-co-methyl acrylate). The burning tests showed that both copolymer and terpolymers containing vinylphosphonic acid behaved as a fire-retardant polymer. The phosphonate and phosphonic acid groups in the copolymer and terpolymers accelerate the cyclization of nitrile groups and inhibit the fire in the gas phase. Nanofibers were successfully produced by the electrospinning method from the copolymers and terpolymers containing vinylphosphonic acid moiety.     

THERMOANALYSIS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF EMULSION COPOLYMER POLY(MMA-PMI-ST)

Terpolymers of methyl methacrylate (MMA), N-phenylmaleimide (PMI) and styrene (St) were synthesized by emulsion copolymerization. The glass transition temperatures (T_g) and the thermostability of copolymers were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and programmed thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. The terpolymers show a considerable increase in decomposition temperature, activation energy of decomposition and T_g with increasing content of PMI. Furthermore, the Vicat softening points of the terpolymers rise with PMI content. The mechanical properties (tensile strength and impact strength) of the terpolymers decrease with increasing PMI content and increase insignificantly with increasing St content.     

Preparation of superabsorbent polymer hydrogels from trialkyl‐4‐vinylbenzyl phosphonium chloride–acrylamide–methylenebisacrylamide terpolymers and their properties

Superabsorbent polymer gels were synthesized by terpolymerization of three kinds of tri‐n‐alkyl‐4‐vinylbenzyl phosphonium chloride (TRVB) with alkyl chains of different lengths, with acrylamide (AAm), and with N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide (MBAAm). The water‐absorption ability and antibacterial activity of the gels against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were investigated. The water content of TRVB–AAm–MBAAm terpolymers increased with increasing phosphonium groups in the terpolymers, while the water content decreased with increasing chain length of alkyl groups in the phosphonium groups as well as an increasing degree of crosslinking in the terpolymers. The water content of the terpolymers was depressed by the addition of NaCl. The degree of effect of NaCl addition became higher as the chain length of alkyl groups in the phosphonium groups of the terpolymers became longer. The tri‐n‐octyl‐4‐vinylbenzyl phosphonium chlorides (TOVB)–AAm–MBAAm terpolymers exhibited high antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli in deionized water. The antibacterial activity decreased in 0.9 wt % NaCl solution. The antibacterial activity of TOVB–AAm–MBAAm terpolymers with almost the same phosphonium content increased with the increasing swelling ratio of the terpolymers. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 78: 1833–1844, 2000     

Thermal Stability of Lubricating Oil Additives Based on Styrene and n-Alkyl Methacrylate Terpolymers

In this work the thermal stability of polymeric additives for the improvement of rheological behavior of mineral lubricating oils was investigated. The systems studied comprised methyl methacrylate (MMA)/dodecyl methacrylate (DDMA)/octadecyl methacrylate (ODMA) and styrene (Sty)/DDMA/ODMA terpolymers. The composition of the terpolymers was determined by the ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and molar mass distribution by the size exclusion chromatography. The thermal degradation of terpolymers was studied by the thermogravimetric analysis. Sty/DDMA/ODMA terpolymers exhibited an improved thermal stability in comparison with MMA/DDMA/ODMA terpolymers of the corresponding compositions. Thus, the temperatures of 50% weight loss were found to be 313°C and 363°C for MMA terpolymer and Sty terpolymer, respectively, where x (MMA) = x (Sty) = 30 mol%.