废旧锂离子电池综合回收研究进展

随着锂离子电池需求的不断增长，尤其是电动交通行业，大量锂离子电池将会在未来几年因寿命和更新换代等问题而退役。废旧锂离子电池如果处理不当，就会造成环境污染和资源浪费等严重后果。因此，废旧锂离子电池的回收利用越来越受到研究学者的关注。系统介绍了废旧锂离子电池综合回收最新进展，主要有预处理、浸出、分离提纯等工艺。针对各个工艺的具体原理、研究现状、优缺点进行了详细评述。最后，对废旧锂离子电池综合回收的发展前景进行了展望。     

废旧三元锂离子电池正极材料回收技术研究进展

三元锂离子电池因其性能优越,在国内外便携式电子设备和新能源汽车中得到广泛应用.随着对锂离子电池需求量的不断增大,大量的锂离子电池将迎来"退役"高峰期.为实现有价金属资源的循环利用,降低固体废物处理对环境的影响,废旧锂离子电池的回收利用受到了广泛的关注.通过对三元锂离子电池进行资源化回收利用,可以获得有价金属或直接制备电池材料.为了提高物料的有效回收率,通常采用预处理的方法来分离集流体和正极活性材料,实现物料的有效分离及进一步的后处理.然后,采用冶金处理的方法从正极活性材料中提取金属和分离杂质,其包括高温冶金和湿法冶金处理工艺.最后,结合材料合成的方法进一步制备得到电池材料或化合物.在现阶段的研究中,高温冶金过程面临着物料损耗大、能耗高、环境不友好等问题;湿法冶金过程存在酸耗大、除杂效率低、工艺流程长等问题.正极材料的再生过程、回收成本以及再合成材料的性能是限制其应用的重要因素.本文主要介绍了废旧三元锂离子电池回收过程及方法,包括预处理、高温冶金、湿法冶金、正极材料再生等,分析比较了其存在的主要问题,为废旧三元锂离子电池的资源化技术发展提供参考.最后,提出了废旧三元锂离子电池正极材料的回收应向绿色环保、短流程和低能耗的方向发展.     

废旧锂离子电池中有价金属回收工艺的研究进展

锂离子电池广泛应用于移动电子设备、电动汽车和储能等领域,但由于生命周期有限和产品的更新换代,导致其报废数量与日俱增.对典型废旧锂离子电池的组分进行分析,并对有价金属回收的主要技术过程(包括预处理过程,钴的浸出过程,化学纯化过程和钴酸锂的修复再生过程等)进行了综合评述.在此基础上,提出了今后废旧锂离子电池资源化和无害化的发展建议.     

浅议废旧动力锂离子电池的回收办法

正我国在2013年开始推广新能源汽车时,因动力锂离子电池的数量少,产品的回收比较简单,所以通过常规的行政体系或者企业的自主行为就可以回收上述少量的动力锂离子电池。但是2015年后,新能源行业的快速扩张,带来了金属资源利用规模的日益扩大[1]。通常电动汽车上的动力锂离子电池剩余容量降低到初始容量的70%～80%时,便不再适应于电动汽车动力需求,大部分废旧动力锂离子电池通过梯度利用转     

废旧锂离子电池回收技术进展

锂离子电池自1990年问世以来,呈蓬勃发展之势。由于当前我国经济粗放型发展,高产量带来了高消耗,国内有限的钴、锂资源并不能满足生产需要,废旧锂离子电池及其生产废料中含有丰富的金属元素,如果将这部份金属资源加以回收利用,完全可以弥补当前需求缺口。     

废旧动力锂离子电池回收再利用产业化进展

正我国废旧动力锂离子电池回收工业上主要以湿法为主,回收正极材料中有价金属,采用无机酸溶解,萃取分离得到金属化合物作为产品出售。主要锂电池回收企业以回收三元正极材料为主,一些小型企业正在回收磷酸铁锂正极材料,但技术水平较低本文介绍了清华大学在锂离子电池回收再利用方面产业化的进展情况。一、前言我国已经成为全球最大新能源汽车市场,2014年电动汽车销售量为7万辆,2015年为30万辆,2016年达到     

还原熔炼失效锂离子电池制备Co-Cu-Fe合金

为了从失效锂离子电池中高效回收有价金属,研究了用碳还原熔炼法回收失效锂离子电池的新方法.通过化学分析、X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和能谱分析等研究方法对熔炼锂离子电池得到的Co-Cu-Fe合金和熔渣进行了分析,实验结果表明,以碳为还原剂还原熔炼失效锂离子电池的方法是可行的,电池的主要有价金属能富集在Co-Cu-Fe合金中,电池中的铝箔可做为金属热还原剂还原钴氧化物.熔渣中仍有钴和铜以微小颗粒形式的机械夹杂,造成合金中有价金属的损失.减少熔渣中的金属夹杂损失、提高合金中钴和铜的回收率是今后研究中需要解决的关键问题.     

废旧锌锰干电池制备锰锌铁氧体研究进展

废旧锌锰干电池含有大量可以回收利用的有用资源,本文针对利用废旧锌锰电池制备锰锌铁氧体技术,系统的分类综述了利用废旧锌锰电池制备锰锌铁氧体技术国内外研究的最新进展,指出制备高附加值的锰锌铁氧体将是未来资源化回收利用废旧锌锰干电池的发展趋势,也对利用废旧锌锰电池制备锰锌铁氧体提出了建设性的意见。     

废旧锂离子电池制备硬脂酸钴的研究

以废旧锂离子电池为原料,用湿法工艺提取锂离子电池中的钴制备硬脂酸钴。研究了溶剂体系、反应温度以及乙醇用量对硬脂酸钴性能的影响,得到制备硬脂酸钴的较好合成工艺条件。并分别采用原子吸收光谱、动态热机械分析、扫描电镜等对样品进行了表征。     

浅谈废旧锂电池回收

随着新能源汽车的发展,新能源汽车核心的动力电池也在迅速增加。目前如何安全回收、环保处理、加强废旧动力电池的规范化循环利用,已经成为行业人士关注的焦点。在废旧电池的处理过程中,根据处理方式主要有梯次利用和拆解回收;根据工艺的不同可以划分为:常用回收工艺一般包括化学回收、物理回收、生物回收和联合法四类。未来的废旧锂电池回收技术研究将围绕预处理步骤中的安全问题、二次处理步骤中的污染防治、深度处理步骤中的完全回收、废旧锂离子动力电池中各成分的综合回收利用四个方向展开。     

我国电子废弃物回收工艺研究进展

总结了处理电子废弃物的传统基本技术及其特点。针对传统工艺的缺陷综述了我国具有处理流程简单、成本低、资源利用率较高等优点的电子废弃物回收新工艺的研究进展,重点介绍了机械物理复合工艺处理废旧家电、废旧电池及废旧PCB板。同时提出了我国电子废弃物资源化方面的一些新动向和潜在的问题。     

考虑政府补贴和不同回收渠道的再制造闭环供应链最优决策研究

为研究政府分别实施再制造补贴和回收补贴下不同回收渠道对再制造闭环供应链的决策影响,建立以制造商为领导者,零售商和回收商为跟随者的闭环供应链的Stackelberg主从博弈模型,对比分析两种补贴方式下不同回收渠道的最优定价和回收策略。结果表明,补贴金额的多少会降低产品价格和批发价,刺激消费,提高回收率,增加闭环供应链上所有参与方的利润,而与补贴类别无关;当存在双回收渠道时,回收商与零售商之间回收的竞争强度影响产品售价、回收率和制造商的利润,而回收转移价格仅与补贴类型有关。最后,通过实例分析探讨不同补贴与不同回收渠道对闭环供应链的影响。     

Integrated approach for disassembly processes generation and recycling evaluation of an end-of-life product

An integrated approach for noble recycling is presented that puts forward the functional value of products and components. In a first step, the approach determines all feasible automatic disassembly sequences and in a second step all applicable recycling activities. This allows one to determine the most appropriate recycling process for an end-of-life product considering concurrent recycling techniques. The feasible automatic disassembly sequences are established by simulation in a virtual environment. The required generic disassembly product model, as well as the generic disassembly activity model, is presented by means of static and dynamic object-oriented diagrams. The recycling evaluation establishes an efficient solution responding to economic and ecological decision criteria. It is calculated applying a Goal-Programming approach transforming the multi-objective linear problem into a monocriteria linear program. The techno-economic decision model applied is Linear Activity Analysis. It allows one to integrate the generated disassembly processes based on single disassembly activities as well as other recycling techniques.     

政府干涉下闭环供应链的回收渠道选择策略

了提高回收效率,在政府对制造商的回收行为进行干涉下建立了制造商回收、零售商回收和混合回收决策模型,分别从消费者、政府、制造商、零售商和供应链整体五个角度研究了回收渠道的选择策略。结果表明,零售商总是希望参与回收;从其他四个角度来看,回收渠道选择主要受回收渠道竞争强度的影响,政府干涉对渠道选择影响不大。     

基于智慧物流的高校快递包装回收流程再造与优化研究

目的 通过对高校快递包装回收的流程进行再造和优化,以提高高校快递包装回收水平。方法 对现有流程进行分析,发现存在的问题,并提出再造思路和实施办法。结果 新流程可以有效节约资源,提高高校快递包装回收效率。结论 适应智慧物流发展趋势,高校快递包装回收流程再造和优化势在必行。     

几种典型铜铝接头的应用和分离技术探讨

阐述了铜铝接头在制冷工业及电子封装工业中的应用,简要介绍了采用的接头形式、焊接方法及焊接材料;综述了国内外焊接接头分离研究的现状,并针对回收铜铝接头能耗太高的现状,在铜铝接头的回收过程中引进基于4R(Reduce,Reuse,Remanufacture,Recycle)的再制造思想。同时对铜铝接头回收过程中采用的两种分离方法进行了探讨。     

Carbon fibre reinforced composite waste: An environmental assessment of recycling,energy recovery and landfilling

The environmental benefits of recycling are assessed against other end-of-life (EOL) treatments for Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) waste. Recycling via pyrolysis, incineration with energy recovery, and disposal via landfilling are compared. To account for physical changes to materials from use and recycling, equivalence between recycled and virgin materials is calculated based on the ability to produce a short fibre composite beam of equivalent stiffness. Secondary effects of using Recycled Carbon Fibre (RCF) in a hypothetical automotive application are also analysed. Results underline the ecological constraints towards recycling CFRPs and demonstrate that benefits from recycling are strongly linked to the impacts of the selected recovery process, the materials replaced by RCF in a secondary application, and also to the type of secondary application in which they are used.     

Energy and environmental aspects in recycling lithium-ion batteries: Concept of Battery Identity Global Passport

The emergence and dominance of lithium-ion batteries in expanding markets such as consumer electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy storage are driving enormous interests and investments in the battery sector. The explosively growing demand is generating a huge number of spent lithium-ion batteries, thereby urging the development of cost-effective and environmentally sustainable recycling technologies to manage end-of-life batteries. Currently, the recycling of end-of-life batteries is still in its infancy, with many fundamental and technological hurdles to overcome. Here, the authors provide an overview of the current state of battery recycling by outlining and evaluating the incentives, key issues, and recycling strategies. The authors highlight a direct recycling strategy through discussion of its benefits, processes, and challenges. Perspectives on the future energy and environmental science of this important field is also discussed with respect to a new concept introduced as the Battery Identity Global Passport (BIGP).     

回收工程的现状与展望

随着对环境问题及工业生态系统认识与研究的深入，回收工程已远远超出了单一材料再生利用这一原始领域，并逐渐发展成为一个新兴的综合性交叉学科。近年来，国外在这一领域投入力度颇大，并取得了一定的研究成果，回收工程的研究已初具规模并形成体系。本文首先介绍了回收工程的含义和发展的驱动力；接着对国外汽车及日子电器产品的回收、回收工程的研究状况进行了论述；最后结合我国的现实状况，对我国回收工程的发展提出了几点建议     

Green technology of liquid biphasic flotation for enzyme recovery utilizing recycling surfactant and sorbitol

Liquid biphasic flotation (LBF) system has been recognized as an efficient, green, economically sustainable and biocompatible technique for biomolecules separation and purification. The main drawbacks of the conventional process of biomolecules separation are expensive production cost, utilization of phase components that are inefficiently recycled and global pollution due to high chemical consumption and wastage. In this paper, a novel approach of LBF system for lipase recovery utilizing recycling phase components comprising surfactant and xylitol was investigated. The scope of this study focuses on pollution prevention as well as clean and environmentally friendly process for enzyme extraction via LBF. The green process proposed in this study uses phase-forming components that have recovery and recycling abilities for minimal use of chemicals for enzyme extraction. This novel method utilized Triton X-100 and xylitol for lipase extraction from Burkholderia cepacia. A few parameters were optimized to obtain high lipase separation efficiency and yield. Based on the ideal conditions of LBF, the average lipase separation efficiency and yield are 86.46 and 87.49%, correspondingly. Phase components recycling were proposed in order to reduce the chemicals consumption in LBF system. Upscaling of the recycling study exhibited consistent result with the laboratory scale. It was found that 97.20 and 98.67% of Triton X-100 and xylitol were recovered after five times of recycling and that a total of 75.87% of lipase separation efficiency was obtained. Recovery and recycling of phase components in the extraction process are established as the principal green chemistry method, which yields high separation efficiency and is economically feasible on an industrial scale.