三轴磁传感器分量误差两步校正方法

在三轴磁传感器测量误差校正方面,传统的椭球拟合算法只能实现磁场总量的校正,没有给出明确的测量误差模型参数求解方法,无法保证磁场分量校正效果。针对此种情况,提出三轴磁传感器分量误差的两步校正方法。第一步,建立三轴磁传感器测量误差模型,利用椭球拟合算法求解中间参数;第二步,对中间参数进行解耦,得到实际三轴磁传感器测量误差模型参数,从而实现三轴磁传感器的磁场总量和分量校正。仿真结果表明该方法能够精确求解出三轴磁传感器测量误差模型参数,从而有效实现三轴磁传感器分量误差校正。实验结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于改进Levenberg-Marquardt算法的地磁矢量校准方法

三轴磁传感器误差校准的椭球拟合方法通常要先求得椭球参数,再通过矩阵分解才能得到误差校准参数,这将导致误差校准参数存在无穷多解.为解决此问题,提出了一种基于改进的Levenberg-Marquardt(LM)算法的地磁矢量校准方法.首先使用质子磁传感器提供地磁场真值,利用改进的LM算法直接求解三轴磁传感器误差校准参数,然后利用加速度计测量恒定重力场作为辅助信息校准三轴磁传感器和加速度计坐标系之间的非对准误差.仿真结果表明,本文提出的方法可以使得三轴磁传感器测量地磁总场的均方根误差减小两个数量级,测量地磁分量的均方根误差减小一个数量级;实验结果表明该方法能够大大提高三轴磁传感器测量精度,最终获得加速度计坐标系下的高精度地磁场矢量.     

航姿系统矢量传感器非对准误差及其校正

航姿参考系统中三轴磁强计与三轴加速度计常采用椭球拟合法进行误差校正与补偿,其缺点是校正后不同传感器之间以及传感器坐标系与载体坐标系之间往往还存在非对准误差.由定量分析得知此类非对准误差所引起的航姿参考系统航向角误差具有常值误差与半圆罗差之和的形式.利用地磁矢量与重力矢量的点积为常数这一性质,并结合三维旋转矩阵的小角度近似表达式,对椭球拟合法校正后的传感器非对准误差进行了补偿,在不同磁干扰条件下均可使校正效果得到改善,航向剩余误差(均方根)平均减小30%以上.     

航姿参考系统中磁航向传感器误差标定与补偿

对于航姿参考系统中磁航向传感器的输出精度来说,误差环境对其精确度的影响起着很大的作用.为了校正磁航向传感器的误差,提出了一种基于改进最小二乘法的椭球拟合法,对三轴磁传感器误差做快速标定补偿.首先,对磁航向传感器的误差产生机理进行有效分析,然后,针对分析结果建立误差椭球模型,推导出误差系数的解算公式,利用改进的椭球拟合方法对磁航向传感器进行标定和补偿.实验结果表明,改进的椭球拟合方法能够正确快速的标定补偿磁航向传感器的零偏误差、非正交误差、灵敏度误差,在解决当前磁传感器标定补偿计算量大、操作时间长、标定设备要求高等问题上达到了预期的效果,具有补偿效果显著,简单易行等特点.     

地磁传感器的拟合集成校准

在磁异常探测过程中,地磁传感器由于制作环节的不确定性所造成的自身误差,以及安装探测系统时的安装误差,共同影响地磁传感器测量值的准确性.采用基于椭球拟合的集成误差校准方法,通过传感器三轴旋转所得数据,进行椭球拟合之后,摈弃以往采用方程式之间相对比的方法,利用所拟合椭球的几何特性进行代数求解,所得传感器误差系数完成校准.并...     

三轴磁敏传感器误差分析与校正研究

三轴磁敏传感器被广泛应用于空间磁场测量。但由于非正交性、各通道定标比例系数的不一致性以及各通道零点偏置,三轴磁敏传感器不同的姿态会导致测量结果上的差异,即存在转向误差。首先对三轴磁敏传感器转向误差进行了细致的分析与计算,提出了一种轴间正交化、调整灵敏度和减小零点漂移的转向误差模型。然后,建立了与之对应的神经网络结构以实现对转向误差模型参数的智能辨识。最后,通过建立的误差模型实现了对转向误差的自校正。实验结果表明,所提的自校正方法能有效改善三轴磁敏传感器的性能。     

一种简单的低成本航姿系统标定及修正方法

在对低成本航姿系统进行加速度计与磁力计的标定中,通常磁力计的信噪比更低,仅使用椭球拟合法标定传感器误差参数结果是不够精确的;为了提高标定结果的准确性,提出了一种在多位置条件下基于椭球拟合约束和点积法的误差参数标定及修正方法;首先,在静态多位置下获取15对低噪声的测量数据并进行椭球拟合标定,其次,用补偿后的磁力计数据分布特征构建椭球约束条件,通过点积法计算地磁矢量与水平面夹角,并以其均方差来量化修正效果,对磁力计中可观性差的轴间不正交误差参数和传感器间非对准误差参数进行修正,最终提升标定效果;仿真和实测的试验结果表明,在同等椭球拟合约束下,该方法相比于独立使用椭球拟合法和点积不变法,地磁矢量与水平面夹角的均方差下降了25%以上,且具有简单易用的特点。     

基于递推最小二乘的三轴磁强计在线自校正方法

针对现有三轴磁强计误差校正方法存在计算量大、依赖外界参考信息、不能在线校正等问题,提出一种基于递推最小二乘的误差在线自校正方法。根据Poisson方程对磁场测量模型的描述,导出磁场矢量误差校正模型;基于椭球假设理论,建立校正模型与椭球曲面方程系数之间的关系;推导了基于递推最小二乘的椭球方程系数在线辨识的实现过程,进而求得误差校正参数。实验结果表明:提出的方法能有效校正软磁和硬磁效应引起的数据畸变;采样点磁场强度最大波动幅度由67. 112 8μT降低至14. 064 8μT,误差标准差由15. 828 7μT降低至6. 345 1μT,适用于无外部参考基准下三轴磁强计的误差自动校正。     

三轴磁罗盘的设计与误差校正

介绍了三轴磁罗盘的工作原理,设计了一种利用磁阻传感器和加速度计测定航向角、俯仰角、侧滚角的测量系统.分析了影响磁罗盘测量精度的误差来源,并在此基础上提出了相应的校正方法.实验结果表明,利用这些算法,可使磁罗盘的航向角误差由±9°降到±0.6°,有效地降低了由于制造和安装等引起的误差.这种校正算法不仪适用于磁罗盘,也适用于其它三轴传感器系统.     

舰艇磁性检测中矢量磁传感器的姿态校正

舰艇磁性检测中矢量磁传感器姿态倾斜将导致测量不准确,为此提出了一种矢量磁传感器的姿态校正方法。通过在倾斜磁传感器位置紧密放置一标准磁传感器,以标准测量值为依据采用APO算法反推得出倾斜传感器的姿态角矩阵,根据此矩阵对倾斜传感器测量值进行修正可得到较准确的舰艇磁场测量值。通过仿真和船模实验对该方法进行了验证,实验表明测量精度有了较大改善。该方法可用于工程实际,为提高舰艇磁性检测的精度提供了有益思路。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.