基于定向天线的移动自组网路由协议研究

同等功耗下,定向天线能够产生更高的增益,提供更大的传输范围,提高网络的空间复用度和吞吐量,天线选择的方向性又降低了邻近结点之间的相互干扰,采用定向天线能够给移动自组网带来潜在性能的提高。对基于定向天线的移动自组网路由协议进行研究,简单介绍了定向天线,总结了引入定向天线产生的路由问题,对现有的一些典型定向路由协议进行了分类、介绍和比较,最后对引入定向天线带来的好处进行了分析。     

一种适于波束切换移动自组网的邻居发现改进算法

基于多波束切换的移动自组网系统在未来通信中具有广阔的应用前景,邻居发现是基于多波束切换的移动自组网系统的关键技术之一。现有基于多波束切换的移动自组网邻居发现算法在波束交叠情况下无法选择最优通信波束,为了解决基于多波束切换的移动自组网邻居发现过程中的最优通信波束选择问题,提出一种改进算法,在邻居发现过程中增加接收信号质量评估机制,增强网络的稳定性,提高网络吞吐量,并通过仿真验证了在波束交叠的情况下系统的累计平均接收电平优于传统方法。     

采用定向天线的移动自组网路由技术研究

定向天线能有效提升移动自组网路由协议DRP的性能。文章对移动自组网中引入定向天线的好处作了简要介绍,重点对其关键技术进行了归纳研究,最后对定向路由的研究现状进行了小结。     

采用定向天线的MANET邻居发现算法研究

在无线多跳移动自组织网(MANET)中采用定向天线(特别是波束成形天线)有一系列优点。这一技术能增加单跳传输的距离、减小干扰、提高空间复用度,从而能显著增大系统容量。然而,适应于采用全向天线的传统MANET的媒质接入控制(MAC)、功率控制、邻居发现、路由等方法必须作相应的修改。在分析前人相关研究的基础上,针对MANET使用定向天线情况下的邻居发现机制及算法进行了深入研究,提出了2种采用定向天线的MANET的邻居发现算法———非辅助TD模式的定向邻居发现算法与非辅助TRD模式的定向邻居发现算法。这2种算法与目前已提出的其他定向邻居发现算法的最大区别是,它们不需要依赖GPS或其他辅助信息就能独立实现邻居发现。     

基于 IBE 的移动自组网安全接入机制

文中研究基于IBE的移动自组网安全接入机制,解决移动自组网拓扑动态变化、高时效性、快速切换等条件下的高效认证问题。对比分析各种认证机制的优缺点以及适用的环境,针对移动自组网内部的接入认证、动态组网认证、跨域认证,分别设计相关的认证流程及安全接入实现途径,保证骨干网、接入子网互联互通时的安全可控,为建设移动自组网安全防护体系提供理论依据和技术支撑。     

一种定向无线自组网邻居发现算法

针对使用定向天线的无线移动网络在自组网过程中邻居搜索时间较长且不确定性较大等问题,提出了一种根据二进制编码序列确定收发模式的异步邻居发现算法,通过为每个节点分配独立的二进制编码来确定节点的收发模式,并根据收发状态给出确定的节点波束扫描方式。讨论了应用于该算法的编码需要满足的条件,并给出一个满足要求的编码序列组,在节点时间异步情况下完成邻居发现的时长具有确定的上界。仿真结果表明,相较其他确定时长的异步邻居搜索算法,该算法能够提高节点间相互发现概率,缩减节点邻居发现的平均和最大用时。     

基于机器学习的移动自组网MAC协议研究综述

MAC协议设计是移动自组网的一项重要关键技术,主要通过有效的多节点协商机制,实现各节点对空间、时间、频率等有限资源的合理共享,完成各节点的随机接入和资源分配功能。随机接入和资源分配问题通常可用最优化和马尔科夫决策问题表述,机器学习可成为提升移动自组网MAC协议性能的有力手段之一。该综述在分析机器学习和移动自组网MAC协议特点基础上,结合现有研究成果,介绍了基于机器学习的关键技术原理和仿真性能,展望了未来研究方向。现有研究成果表明,基于机器学习的MAC协议设计性能改善显著。     

基于定向天线的移动自组网TDMA协议研究

传统的移动自组网大多采用全向天线组网,为提高传输距离、减少时隙冲突、提高时隙利用率,因此在组网过程中引入定向天线。为解决移动自组网中因引入定向天线带来的时隙冲突问题,论文从研究较为成熟的DTRA协议出发,通过在帧结构中增加随机微时隙的方式来减少时隙冲突。为给网络中各节点提供高效、公平的时隙分配策略,论文改进了DTRA协议中的时隙预留过程,提出了基于节点自身缓存队列数分配不同优先级时隙数目的动态时隙分配算法。通过提出的DTDMA协议与DTRA协议进行的对比仿真,验证了提出的DTDMA协议能够有效减少时隙冲突,且协议在保证高优先级节点可多申请数据时隙的前提下,改善了节点接入信道的公平性。     

基于定向天线的移动自组网TDMA协议研究

传统的移动自组网大多采用全向天线组网,为提高传输距离、减少时隙冲突、提高时隙利用率,因此在组网过程中引入定向天线。为解决移动自组网中因引入定向天线带来的时隙冲突问题,论文从研究较为成熟的DTRA协议出发,通过在帧结构中增加随机微时隙的方式来减少时隙冲突。为给网络中各节点提供高效、公平的时隙分配策略,论文改进了DTRA协议中的时隙预留过程,提出了基于节点自身缓存队列数分配不同优先级时隙数目的动态时隙分配算法。通过提出的DTDMA协议与DTRA协议进行的对比仿真,验证了提出的DTDMA协议能够有效减少时隙冲突,且协议在保证高优先级节点可多申请数据时隙的前提下,改善了节点接入信道的公平性。     

基于自适应波束天线自组网的能量效率拓扑控制

 针对自适应波束定向天线自组网,运用样方统计法推导自组网高概率连通的关键传输半径和邻居数K,提出一种基于邻居数的分布式拓扑控算法DK-Neigh,构建结点出度等于(或略小于)K的有向连通拓扑图.仿真结果表明:DK-Neigh可以保证网络连通率大于96%;当天线波束宽度小于60时,DK-Neigh的结点节能比全向天线K-Neigh算法提高15%.DK-Neigh在保证网络高概率连通的同时减少结点能耗,提高网络能量效率.     

An overview of using directional antennas in wireless networks

Compared with omni‐directional antennas, directional antennas have many merits, such as lower interference, better spatial reuse, longer transmission range, and improved network capacity. Directional antennas enable numerous emerging outdoor and indoor applications, which have been addressed in many recent studies. Despite the advances in wireless networks with directional antennas (DAWNs), there are many research challenges in all layers of DAWNs. This paper presents a detailed study on recent advances and open research issues on DAWNs. Firstly, we briefly introduce the classification of directional antennas, antenna radiation patterns, antenna modes, and the challenges in the physical layer of DAWNs. We then present research issues on the medium access control (MAC) layer, followed by the current solutions as well as open research problems on the MAC layer of DAWNs. In addition, we also discuss the research issues on the routing layer and the transport layer. Moreover, other research challenges on the performance evaluation of DAWNs and a brief introduction of indoor DAWNs are given in this paper as well. In conclusion, we summarize the current research issues on DAWNs as well as prospects in the future. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Measurement‐based link scheduling for maritime mesh networks with directional antennas

The proliferation of wireless transceivers and the availability of the unlicensed band has given a boost to the deployment of wireless networks, with IEEE802.11/WiFi being the major driver in this arena. In this research, we consider a wireless mesh network designed for long‐distance communication with a typical deployment scenario of a maritime mesh network. This network uses an antenna system made up of multiple fixed‐beamwidth antennas. Compared to most other directional antenna schemes which use directional antenna for transmission and omni‐directional antenna for reception, our system uses directional antennas for both transmission and reception where a pair of transmitter–receiver antennas needs to be aligned and have an acceptable channel quality before transmission can take place. Through efficient use of directional antennas for both transmission and reception, and spatial reuse in transmission, we are able to realize a high‐capacity mesh network. In this paper, we present a practical approach to achieve contention‐free medium access, namely, a measurement‐based link‐scheduling algorithm. We evaluate the performance of the link‐scheduling algorithm using simulations and show that it is able to exploit the spatial diversity provided by the directional antennas to outperform comparable schemes for wireless mesh networks. We also briefly discuss implementation issues to demonstrate the viability of the approach. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Throughput analysis in mobile ad hoc networks with directional antennas

A major obstacle stunting the application of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) is the lack of a general throughput analysis theory for such networks. The available works in this area mainly focus on asymptotic throughput study (order sense) in MANETs with omnidirectional antennas or directional antennas. Although the order sense results can help us to understand the general scaling behaviors, it tells us little about the exact achievable throughput. This paper studies the achievable throughput of a MANET where each node is equipped with a directional antenna of beamwidth θ for transmission. A generalized two hop relay scheme with packet redundancy f is adopted for packet routing. Based on the Markov chain and automatic feedback theory, we explore a general theoretical framework that enables the achievable throughput analysis to be conducted for a directional antenna-based MANET. Based on the results of the achievable per node throughput, we further explore the throughput optimization problem for a fixed beamwidth θ and determine the corresponding optimal setting of f to achieve the optimal throughput. Numerical studies are also conducted to demonstrate the efficiency of these models.It shows that the maximum achievable throughput obtained from our theoretical framework matches nicely (with at most 7% difference) with that obtained from simulation under a realistic model.     

Performance of PKI-based security mechanisms in mobile ad hoc networks

Security for ad hoc network environments has received a lot of attention as of today. Previous work has mainly been focussing on secure routing, fairness issues, and malicious node detection. However, the issue of introducing and conserving trust relationships has received considerably less attention. In this article, we present a scalable method for the use of public key certificates and their revocation in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). With the LKN-ad hoc security framework (LKN-ASF) a certificate management protocol has been introduced, bringing PKI technology to MANETs. In addition a performance analysis of two different revocation approaches for MANETs will be presented.     

A method of accurate determination of azimuthal distribution of received RF power

In this paper, we introduce a method for the determination of directional distribution of received RF power, with angular resolution independent of receiving antenna radiation pattern. The proposed method is based on a series of measurements taken while rotating, at fixed predefined steps, a usual directional antenna of known radiation pattern on the azimuthal plain. It is proved that the resolution accuracy of the measurement method depends only on the angular step of the antenna rotation and it is independent of the antenna beamwidth. As a result of this feature, the proposed method allows the determination of the RF power angular distribution with fine resolution using a directional antenna of much wider beamwidth for the measurements. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Addressing deafness and hidden terminal problem in directional antenna based wireless multi-hop networks

We address deafness and directional hidden terminal problem that occur when MAC protocols are designed for directional antenna based wireless multi-hop networks. Deafness occurs when the transmitter fails to communicate to its intended receiver, because the receiver’s antenna is oriented in a different direction. The directional hidden terminal problem occurs when the transmitter fails to hear a prior RTS/CTS exchange between another pair of nodes and cause collision by initiating a transmission to the receiver of the ongoing communication. Though directional antennas offer better spatial reuse, these problems can have a serious impact on network performance. In this paper, we study various scenarios in which these problems can occur and design a MAC protocol that solves them comprehensively using only a single channel and single radio interface. Current solutions in literature either do not address these issues comprehensively or use more than one radio/channel to solve them. We evaluate our protocol using detailed simulation studies. Simulation results indicate that our protocol can effectively address deafness and directional hidden terminal problem and increase network performance.     

MANETs在军事通信中的应用

MANETs是目前通信技术领域的焦点之一,它具有极强的适应和生存能力,其应用前景十分广阔。首先介绍了MANETs的概念、结构和特点,阐述了MANETs在军事通信中的重要作用,并提出了一种应用阶段的过渡结构。最后指出了MANETs应用于军事通信中的关键技术和研究方向。     

一种基于定向天线的自组网多址接入协议

文中提出一种基于定向天线的自组织网多址接入协议DA-STDMA。该协议利用方向性天线定向波束增益特性,保证在高速可靠传输条件下,提升系统的容量,同时可以防止信息截获,提升系统的抗干扰性能。经过理论计算,DA-STDMA协议在信道利用率上与采用全向天线相比有显著提高。文中建立了DA-STDMA协议仿真模型,通过对比空间复用度、网络吞吐量等系统性能,DA-STDMA协议利用定向天线比全向天线性能有明显提升。同时仿真研究也表明,定向天线的定位算法对整个系统建链的收敛时间产生一定影响。     

VANETs路由协议的研究进展

车辆自组织网络是传统自组织网络派生出的一个分支,其与应用场景高度相关.传统路由协议不能有效的适用于车辆自组织网络,因此,针对车辆自组织网络提出了许多新的路由协议.首先在总结车辆自组织网络的特性后,分别介绍了单播路由、广播路由和地域性多播路由的概念,然后着重分析和总结了近年来具有代表性的路由协议的核心路由机制及其优缺点,...