模拟的发酵液组分对聚二甲基硅氧烷/陶瓷复合膜渗透汽化性能的影响

对所制备的聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）/陶瓷复合膜进行了渗透汽化性能表征。通过在乙醇-水混合体系中添加不同的模拟发酵液组分;如葡萄糖（多羟基醛）、甘油（多元醇）、丁二酸（有机酸）、KCl（无机盐）;考察了各组分对复合膜渗透汽化性能的影响。研究发现：在333 K下;在乙醇浓度为65 g·L-1的混合物中添加不同浓度的第三组分;有机添加物对膜的渗透汽化性能没有明显影响;而无机盐的加入使膜的分离因子稍有提高。所制备的PDMS/陶瓷复合膜;在上述渗透汽化过程中表现出良好的稳定性和对乙醇的优先选择性;渗透通量和分离因子（醇/水）分别在4.5～4.7 kg·m^-2·h^-1、8.3～10.3之间。     

PDMS/PTFE沸石填充复合膜及渗透汽化性能研究

以MFI疏水沸石作为填充剂,制备了PDMS（聚二甲基硅氧烷）/PTFE沸石填充复合膜,并利用SEM、XRD等手段对其进行了表征。以环己酮/水溶液为分离实验体系,考察了沸石填充量对PDMS/PTFE沸石填充复合膜渗透汽化性能的影响。     

KAUST-8膜的制备及其对乙醇/水体系的渗透汽化分离性能的研究

为实现乙醇作为燃料的高效利用,采用二次生长法制备出亲水性KAUST-8膜并将其对乙醇水溶液进行渗透汽化分离研究。利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、比表面及孔隙度分析仪（BET）和热重等分析手段对KAUST-8晶体和膜材料的形貌、结构和性能进行表征,考察了不同操作温度和进料质量分数下,KAUST-8膜对乙醇水溶液分离效果的影响。结果表明,升高渗透汽化的操作温度,总渗透通量从281.44 g/（m²·h）增加至929.16 g/（m²·h）,分离因子从17.2降低至6.1。在同一渗透汽化温度（25℃）下,增大进料液中水的质量分数,水通量从124.2 g/（m²·h）增加到302 g/（m²·h）,总通量逐渐升高至359.2 g/（m²·h）,分离因子逐步从17.2提高至30.2。     

疏水性SiO2-PDMS渗透汽化膜溶解-扩散性能

制备了疏水性纳米SiO2填充聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)渗透汽化膜,研究了其溶解-扩散性能,计算了复合膜的溶解度参数(δM)及乙醇渗透系数(PE)。结果表明,填加SiO2提高了PDMS膜的乙醇溶解度(SE),SiO2填加量为10%(质量分数,下同)时,复合膜在30℃时的SE为0.0064,而未填加时仅为0.0026;PE值随SiO2含量的增加呈先增加后减小的趋势,SiO2填加量5%时,PE在60℃时为2.52×10-13 m2/s,而未填加时仅为1.42×10-13 m2/s;提高温度有利于乙醇的渗透。以乙醇/水物系为研究对象,结果表明,SiO2-PDMS复合膜渗透汽化性能与其渗透系数的变化趋势基本相同。     

SiO2@ZIF-8复合膜的制备及渗透汽化性能

二氧化硅（SiO₂）膜因其耐高温且孔径可调在分离纯化领域得到了广泛关注,但其表面的无定型结构导致渗透性与选择性相互制约,影响分离效果。以二氧化硅膜为基膜,金属有机框架材料（ZIF-8）对其进行修饰改性,制得 Si O₂@ZIF-8 复合膜,探究了 ZIF-8 合成条件、ZIF-8 添加量及原料液温度对复合膜乙醇渗透汽化脱水性能的影响。结果表明：ZIF-8 规则的孔道结构提供了额外的水分子传输通道,复合膜的渗透侧含水率可达 99.5%,渗透通量提高至 9.6 kg/（m²·h）,分离因子为 1 973。采用 Arrhenius 方程对改性前后膜的渗透通量与温度的关系进行拟合,发现复合膜在渗透汽化过程中水分子的表观活化能更高,随着温度升高水通量增加的更快,分离效果更好。Si O₂@ZIF-8复合膜有效改善了无定型网状结构的缺陷,在渗透汽化有机溶剂脱水方面具有广阔的应用前景。     

脱除废水中挥发性有机化合物的渗透汽化复合膜研究进展

渗透汽化作为一种绿色、高效的膜分离技术,应用于废水中挥发性有机污染物的脱除方面具有显著的优势。本文介绍了渗透汽化技术的原理和特点,综述了目前通常采用的复合膜的特点、种类及其在挥发性有机物处理中的渗透汽化性能,并对渗透汽化复合膜的应用前景进行了展望。     

异烟肼在有机溶剂中溶解度测定及晶习研究

在283.15~323.25 K范围内,利用在线浊度法测定了异烟肼在甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、异丁醇、丙酮、乙腈、乙酸甲酯与乙酸丁酯中的溶解度。数据表明,异烟肼在不同溶剂中的溶解度均随着温度升高而增加。在同一温度下,异烟肼的溶解度与溶剂关系符合如下顺序：甲醇 > 丙酮 > 乙醇 > 正丙醇 > 异丙醇 > 乙酸甲酯 > 异丁醇 > 正丁醇 > 乙腈 > 乙酸丁酯。采用改进的Apelblat、Wilson与NRTL方程对溶解度数据进行了拟合,结果与实验数据有较高的吻合。基于溶解度数据,对异烟肼溶解焓、溶解熵与溶解吉布斯能进行了计算,发现异烟肼溶解过程是吸热熵增过程。分析了甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇与丙酮对异烟肼冷却结晶过程所获产品晶习的影响,确定乙醇为合适的结晶溶剂。     

渗透汽化法分离丙酮水溶液

用自制的ＰＶＡ／ＰＡＮ渗透汽化复合膜进行丙酮脱水的研究。实验研究了不同操作温度对分离系数及渗透通量的影响，并考察了该复合膜在丙酮水溶液中的耐久性。     

PTFE-PDMS/PVDF复合膜制备及其渗透汽化性能

制备了以聚偏氟乙烯PVDF超滤膜为底膜的聚四氟乙烯PTFE超细粉体填充聚二甲基硅氧烷PDMS复合膜,并用于氯仿水溶液体系的渗透汽化。采用SEM和接触角分析研究了膜结构及表面性能。研究了PTFE:PDMS质量比、料液流速、料液浓度对渗透汽化性能的影响;采用串联阻力模型分析了渗透汽化氯仿水溶液的传质过程。研究表明,填充PTFE提高了PDMS膜渗透汽化性能;流量大于200 mL min 1时渗透汽化传质阻力主要由膜阻力控制;在流速低于200 mL min 1时,浓差极化产生的氯仿传质边界层阻力最大可达膜阻力的29倍。     

偶联剂对纳米二氧化硅/PDMS复合膜渗透汽化性能影响的研究

用3种硅烷偶联剂3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(AMES)、γ-(甲基丙烯酰氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷(MEMS)、十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷(HEMS)分别对纳米二氧化硅粒子进行改性,利用制备的改性粒子与PDMS制备了一系列平板复合渗透汽化分离膜,用于乙醇/水溶液分离.实验结果表明:复合膜的渗透汽化性能得到显著的提高.3种改性粒子在提高渗透通量方面:HEMS＞MEMS＞ AMES;在提高分离因子方面,MEMS与AMES对复合膜的影响十分接近,而HEMS远小于前两者.当MEMS改性二氧化硅的质量分数为4％时,在40℃质量分数为10％的乙醇/水溶液中,复合膜的分离因子达到最高值11.17,渗透通量为216.1g/(m2 ·h).     

Chemical modification of poly(substituted-acetylene). IV. Pervaporation of organic liquid/water mixture through poly(1-phenyl-1-propyne)/polydimethylsiloxane graft copolymer membrane

Poly(1-phenyl-1-propyne)/polydimethysiloxane (PPP/PDMS) graft copolymer membranes having various PDMS content were prepared by solvent casting method, and the permeation characteristics at pervaporation were examined upon the aqueous solutions containing organic liquids such as alcohols, acetone, dioxane, acetonitrile, pyridine, and DMF. At pervaporation of ethanol/water mixture, preferential permeation of ethanol was observed for all the copolymer membranes, although PPP membrane showed water permselectivity. The permselectivity of the copolymer membrane also depended on operation temperature, but was independent on the thickness of the membrane. Furthermore, an excellent permselectivity of organic liquids was observed at the pervaporation of several organic liquid/water mixtures except in the case of DMF/water mixture. Observed high selectivity is thought to be due to the depression of the membrane swelling and the high solubility of the liquids into the membrane.     

Liquid–liquid interface induced PDMS-PTFE composite membrane for ethanol perm-selective pervaporation

Pervaporation has great potential in the separation of many significant mixtures. However, excessive penetration of separation layer into the substrate pores enhances the transport resistance of solvent molecules, which impedes the development of pervaporation membrane. In this study, a facile floating-on-water (FOW) method was used to prepare poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)/polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composite membranes. The formation of separation layer and preparation of composite membrane were step-by-step completed through this liquid–liquid interface induced method. The PDMS layer thickness could be precisely regulated from 0.5 to 8 μm. Moreover, the pore penetration could be controlled by optimizing pre-crosslinking density, crosslinking time on water and polymer solution volume. The obtained PDMS/PTFE composite membrane exhibited a high flux of 2016 g·m⁻²·h⁻¹ with the separation factor of 12 when separating ethanol from a 5 wt% ethanol/water mixture. The performance of the membrane could be stable for over 200 h, exhibiting great potential in ethanol perm-selective pervaporation.     

聚偏氟乙烯/聚二甲基硅氧烷渗透气化膜在丁醇分离中的应用

通过相转化法制备PVDF多孔支撑膜,在其上涂覆致密的PDMS分离层制备得到PVDF/PDMS复合膜,用于丁醇的分离纯化。以丁醇水溶液为原料液,流速为1.6 L·min^-1,丁醇浓度为15 g·L^-1,温度为37℃时, PVDF/PDMS复合膜的总通量为158.2 g·m^-2·h^-1,分离因子为17.3。向丁醇水溶液中按丁醇：丙酮：乙醇比例为6：3：1添加丙酮和乙醇模拟发酵液,PVDF/PDMS复合膜的总通量升高到189.5 g·m^-2·h^-1,分离因子降低到14.8。进一步考察了以丙酮-丁醇-乙醇（ABE）发酵液为原料液的渗透气化膜分离性能,发酵液中不存在菌体时,PVDF/PDMS复合膜的总通量和分离因子分别为120.2 g·m^-2·h^-1和19.7,而菌体存在时,复合膜的总通量和分离因子分别为122.1 g·m^-2·h^-1和16.7。与PDMS均质膜相比,PVDF/PDMS复合膜在丁醇分离过程中的分离性能有了显著的提升, 具有潜在的应用价值。     

纳米白炭黑填充硅橡胶复合膜的制备与渗透汽化分离性能

制备以聚酯(PET)为支撑层,白炭黑填充的聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS107)为皮层的硅橡胶复合膜,并以乙醇水物系为料液,对比分析白炭黑增强硅橡胶复合膜的渗透蒸发分离性能,分离因子比空白膜有所提高,在乙醇浓度为3%～5%时,分离因子可达16.09,渗透通量为75.39 g/m2·h;测定填充白炭黑硅橡胶复合膜的拉伸强度,结果表明:拉伸强度可达1.828 MPa,相当于空白膜(0.368 MPa)的5倍.     

PDMS/ceramic composite membrane for pervaporation separation of acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) aqueous solutions and its application in intensification of ABE fermentation process

Pervaporation (PV) has attracted increasing attention because of its potential application in bio-butanol recovery from fermentation process. In this work, PDMS/ceramic composite membrane was employed for PV separation of acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) aqueous solutions. The influence of coupling effect on the molecular transport during the PV process was systematically investigated. The separation performance and transport phenomena of ABE molecules were discussed based on the analysis and calculation of physicochemical properties such as solubility parameter, polarity parameter, interaction parameter, activity coefficient. The results suggested that the ABE separation factor was mainly determined by the intrinsic solubility parameter and driving force. Coupling effect in the ABE multicomponent system was closely related to the interaction parameters between components themselves and between component and membrane. Also, the PDMS membrane was integrated with ABE fermentation to construct an efficient intensification process. It was found that the rate matching of fermentation and in situ removal could improve the ABE productivity by 2 times.     

乙醇/水及乙酸/水体系的渗透汽化分离

以乙醇/水及乙酸/水体系为研究对象,研究了渗透汽化过程中料液浓度、温度因素对分离效果的影响;结合乙醇、乙酸对聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)膜的溶胀特性差别,分析并讨论了两者在渗透汽化过程中可能的分离机理. 研究表明,PDMS膜能够优先透醇,但乙酸分子的缔合物以及羧基与疏水PDMS膜高分子链的强相互作用降低了其在膜中的扩散速率,使低温时乙酸/水体系优先透水,只有当温度在60℃以上时才表现出优先透酸,且分离效果较差.     

Characterization of poly(dimethylsiloxane)‐poly(methyl hydrogen siloxane) composite membranes for organic water pervaporation separation

Hydrophobic composite membranes with a crosslinked poly(dimethylsiloxane)‐poly(methyl hydrogen siloxane) selective layer were prepared by using a new laboratory made catalyst agent. The pervaporation separation of five organic solvent–water mixtures was carried out with these composite membranes, together with swelling experiments in the same feed mixtures. The volatile organic compounds employed were ethanol, methanol, 1‐butanol, acetone, and ethyl acetate. The pervaporation and swelling experiments revealed that both the 1‐butanol and the ethyl acetate solutions showed the highest affinity for the composite membrane. When these components were employed as feed solutions, the membranes showed both high selectivity and high permeation. Mechanical–dynamical experiments of swollen and nonswollen composite membranes were also performed. The relaxation spectra were analyzed in terms of the interaction of the components of the different mixtures with the composite membrane, and the free volume corresponding to the each sample was obtained. Once the membranes had reached an equilibrium swelling, a decrease in the free volume was observed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 546–556, 2001     

Pervaporation membranes based on imide‐containing poly(amic acid) and poly(phenylene oxide)

Three imide‐containing poly(amic acids) were synthesized and used for homogeneous and composite membrane preparation. The transport properties of composite membranes consisting of an imide‐containing poly(amic acid) top layer on an asymmetric porous poly(phenylene oxide) support were studied in the pervaporation of aqueous solutions of organic liquids (ethanol, isopropanol, acetone, and ethylacetate) and organic/organic mixtures (ethylacetate/ethanol, methanol/cyclohexane). For most of the aqueous/organic mixtures, the composite membranes exhibited dehydration properties. Dilute aqueous solutions of ethylacetate were an exception. In these solutions, the composite membranes exhibited organophilic properties, high permeability, and selectivity with respect to ethylacetate. In the pervaporation of methanol/cyclohexane mixtures, methanol was removed with very high selectivity. To account for specific features of pervaporation on the composite membranes, the sorption and transport properties of homogeneous membranes prepared from polymers comprising the composite membrane [imide‐containing poly(amic acids) and poly(phenylene oxide)] were studied. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 2361–2368, 2003