PE-HD／煤粉／OMMT复合阻燃材料制备及性能研究

用有机改性蒙脱土（OMMT）含量为30％（质量分数，下同）的OMMT母料及超细煤粉，通过双螺杆熔融挤出法制得了组成不同的系列PE-HD／煤粉／OMMT复合阻燃材料。用X射线衍射分析、极限氧指数测定等对其插层结构及阻燃性能进行了表征。结果表明，PE-HD／煤粉／OMMT复合材料中OMMT呈现插层型结构，煤粉的加入可以提高复合材料的阻燃性。当煤粉和OMMT含量分别为15％和4．5％时，PE-HD／煤分／OMMT复合材料极限氧指数最高达到21％。热重分析及扫描电子显微镜分析表明，PE-HD／煤粉／OMMT复合阻燃材料阻燃性能的提高归因于大量致密层状炭结构的形成。     

OMMT -卤-锑阻燃体系对 PA6／LGF 复合材料的影响

利用有机蒙脱土（ OMMT）协同溴代环氧树脂（ BER）、三氧化二锑（ Sb2 O3）通过熔融插层法制备OMMT-卤-锑阻燃长玻纤增强尼龙6复合材料（OMMT/FR/PA6/LGF）,通过极限氧指数（LOI）、垂直燃烧（UL-94）、锥形量热分析（CONE）、热失重分析（ TGA）、扫描电镜（ SEM）等方法研究了不同质量比的OMMT-卤-锑阻燃体系对OMMT/FR/PA6/LGF复合材料成炭、阻燃、燃烧、力学性能以及热稳定性的影响。结果表明,当OMMT添加量为2％, BER/Sb2 O3添加量为10％时,二者表现出优异的协同阻燃效应,不仅能促使OMMT/FR/PA6/LGF复合材料生成的炭层结构最为致密、均匀、连续,氧指数值最高且能保持FV-0级,还对复合材料的力学性能影响相对最小。     

有机蒙脱土对EVA/ATH复合材料燃烧性能的影响

采用熔融共混法制备了乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物/氢氧化铝/有机蒙脱土(EVA/ATH/OMMT)复合材料,通过氧指数仪、热重分析仪、烟密度仪等对复合材料的燃烧性能进行了测试和分析。结果表明:OMMT的加入,使复合材料形成了致密的炭层;炭层的阻隔作用虽然加重了复合材料的阴燃,导致其氧指数降低,却能减缓复合材料的燃烧速度、抑制燃烧时的滴落,同时提高了复合材料的热稳定性;此外,由于炭层具有较大的比表面积和较多的表面吸附活性中心,因此可以吸附材料燃烧时产生的烟雾,从而显著降低了复合材料的发烟量。     

废旧PE-HD/OMMT纳米复合材料热氧老化性能和燃烧性能研究

以废旧高密度聚乙烯（PE-HD）和蒙脱土（MMT）为原料,采用熔融插层法制备纳米复合材料,考查制备工艺对该材料热氧老化性能和燃烧性能的影响。结果表明,PE-HD复合MMT或有机蒙脱土（OMMT）后,抗热氧老化性能显著降低,阻燃性能增强;十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）、OMMT、马来酸酐（MAH）和过氧化二异丙苯（DCP）加入量分别增加时,PE-HD/OMMT纳米复合材料的抗热氧老化性能无显著变化,阻燃性能呈现先增强后降低或稳定的趋势;当CTAB加入量为1 %、OMMT加入量为3 %、MAH和DCP加入量为1.5 %时,PE-HD/OMMT纳米复合材料的极限氧指数达到19.4 %,阻燃性能最好。     

SEBS／蒙脱土复合材料结构与阻燃性能的研究

根据蒙脱土（MMT）特殊的片层结构,采用熔融插层法制备热塑性弹性体SEBS／蒙脱土插层复合材料。通过X射线衍射仪、透射电镜等表征手段研究复合材料的微观结构。使用锥形量热仪评价复合材料的燃烧性能。结果表明,有机蒙脱土（OMMT）片层的间距为1．948nm,SEBS／5％OMMT体系的片层间距为4．307nm,说明聚合物SEBS插入有机蒙脱土片层之间。SEBS／OMMT复合材料具有较低的热释放速率和质量损失速率,且随着OMMT添加量的增加,其热释放速率峰值降低愈明显。通过对复合材料的阻燃性能和微观结构的分析,探讨了其阻燃机理。     

PS/MMT复合材料的结构与燃烧性能

将聚苯乙烯(PS)树脂与不同种类蒙脱土(MMT)进行熔融复合制备PS/MMT复合材料,通过X射线衍射(XRD)和高分辨透射电子显微镜(TEM)对复合材料的结构进行分析,采用氧指数法和锥形量热法研究复合材料的燃烧性能.结果表明:用有机蒙脱土(OMMT)制备的PS/OMMT复合材料,是一种插层型复合材料,而用蒙脱土原土(N...     

纳米蒙脱土和尼龙6对聚丙烯无卤体系协同阻燃作用

聚丙烯／聚磷酸铵是典型的无卤膨胀阻燃体系,只有添加大量的聚磷酸铵才能达到阻燃目的,但是往往会使聚丙烯力学性能明显下降。为了使PP达到阻燃效果的同时不明显降低其力学性能,本文通过极限氧指数（LOI）、力学性能、热重分析（TG）、扫描电镜（SEM）等分析表征手段,研究了纳米有机蒙脱土（OMMT）和尼龙6（PA6）对马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯（PP-g-MAH）增容的聚丙烯／聚磷酸铵（APP）无卤阻燃体系的燃烧性能和力学性能影响规律。研究结果表明：纳米有机蒙脱土和尼龙6对聚丙烯具有协同阻燃作用,对体系力学性能影响较小;当蒙脱土含量为4phr、尼龙6含量为8phr时,体系的极限氧指数达到25．1％;蒙脱土和尼龙6的加入可明显提高聚丙烯的热失重温度,增加残余物质量分数。     

四溴双酚-A阻燃体系在HIPS／OMMT复合材料中的阻燃性研究

采用熔融插层法分别制备高抗冲苯乙烯／有机蒙脱土（HIPS／OMMT）复合材料和四溴双酚-A／三氧化二锑（TBBPA—Sb2O3）体系阻燃的HIPS／OMMT复合材料,透射电镜研究表明,有机蒙脱土均匀地分散于HIPS基体当中,形成了插层复合结构,锥形量热仪和氧指数仪研究表明：与纯的HIPS相比,HIPS／OMMT复合材料的阻燃性和抑烟性有所提高,但阻燃性的提高幅度较有限：与仅添加OMMT时的HIPS／OMMT复合材料相比,添加相同量OMMT时TBBPA—Sb2O3体系阻燃的HIPS／OMMT复合材料的热释放速率（HRR）和热释放速率峰值（PHRR）均有所降低,氧指数有所增加,且随TBBPA—Sb2O3阻燃剂添加量的增加阻燃性能的提高越明显,但TBBPA—Sb2O3的加入会导致聚合物燃烧过程生烟速率和生烟量的显著增加．因此此类阻燃剂的加入量不宜过高。     

膨胀型阻燃剂和有机蒙脱土协同阻燃聚丙烯的研究

采用熔融插层法制备了聚丙烯/膨胀型阻燃剂/有机蒙脱土（PP/IFR/OMMT）阻燃复合材料。探讨了OMMT对PP膨胀阻燃体系的影响,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、极限氧指数、热重分析(TG)、力学性能测试对阻燃复合材料的阻燃性、热稳定性及力学性能进行了研究。结果表明,PP高分子链插层进入OMMT层间,形成了插层型复合材料。OMMT与IFR具有明显的协同阻燃性。OMMT添加量为2份时,复合材料的极限氧指数达到31 %,较单独添加IFR时高出30 %;与纯PP相比,复合材料残炭率明显提高。随着OMMT含量的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和冲击强度均呈现先上升后下降的趋势,当OMMT含量为3份、IFR含量为22份时,复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和冲击强度达到最大值。     

IFR/OMMT协同阻燃长玻纤增强聚丙烯的阻燃性能和热稳定性能研究

以膨胀阻燃剂(IFR)和有机蒙脱土(OMMT)协效阻燃剂对长玻纤增强聚丙烯复合材料(LGFPP)进行阻燃改性,研究OMMT与IFR阻燃剂的协同效应对LGFPP阻燃性能和热稳定性能的影响。采用氧指数(LOI)和热失重分析(TGA)表征LGFPP的阻燃性能和热稳定性能,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)观察燃烧后的炭层形貌。结果表明,OMMT的加入提高了LGFPP/IFR体系的阻燃性能和热稳定性能;当OMMT添加量为2%时,体系的氧指数达到24.2%,燃烧后的残炭物形成致密的硅酸盐保护层。     

硅酸盐纳米短纤维增强EVA复合材料的阻燃和力学性能

以氢氧化镁[Mg(OH)2]和微胶囊红磷（MRP）为阻燃剂制备了无卤阻燃乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物（EVA）复合材料。通过极限氧指数、热失重分析和力学性能研究了硅酸盐纳米短纤维 (SNF) 以及马来酸酐接枝乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物（EVA-g-MAH）的加入对EVA阻燃性能和力学性能的影响,并通过扫描电子显微镜对其断面形貌和残炭表面形貌进行了观察和分析。结果表明,加入适量的EVA-g-MAH可以提高复合材料的极限氧指数和力学性能,加入12份的EVA-g-MAH后,材料的拉伸强度可达到10.2 MPa,断裂伸长率达到521 %,极限氧指数为39%,垂直燃烧达到V-0级别;加入适量的SNF后,可以显著提高复合材料的拉伸强度,当添加20份的SNF后,复合材料各性能最优,拉伸强度为12.3 MPa,断裂伸长率为210 %,极限氧指数为38%,垂直燃烧达到V-0级别。     

无机填料填充PE-LD/EVA合金的导热及阻燃性能

采用氧化铝（Al2O3）为导热填料、氢氧化镁［Mg(OH)2］为阻燃填料,以低密度聚乙烯（PE-LD）和乙烯醋酸乙烯共聚物（EVA）为基体树脂制备导热阻燃复合材料。通过导热性能测试、燃烧行为表征（极限氧指数和垂直燃烧测试）以及热重分析研究了PE LD/EVA/Al2O3/Mg(OH)2复合材料的导热性能、阻燃性能及热稳定性。结果表明,含有50份Al2O3及50份Mg(OH)2的复合材料,在PE-LD/EVA质量比为1/1时,热导率可达到1.21 W/m·K;材料的阻燃性能及热稳定性都随 EVA 含量的增加而增大,极限氧指数从27.0 % 提高到31.5 %,UL 94 垂直燃烧从无等级提高到V-0级,残炭率从46.5 %提高到57.7 %。     

4A分子筛和SiO2对EVA/IFR复合材料性能的影响

以聚磷酸铵(APP)复配季戊四醇(PER)为膨胀型阻燃剂(IFR)制备了无卤阻燃乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)/IFR复合材料,通过极限氧指数仪、热失重分析仪及扫描电子显微镜研究分析了4A分子筛和SiO2的加入对复合材料阻燃性能、热稳定性能及复合材料残炭表面形貌的影响。结果表明,加入4A分子筛可以明显提高复合材料的极限氧指数,当添加1份4A分子筛时,复合材料的极限氧指数达到31%,比未添加时提高了2%;4A分子筛的加入使复合材料在燃烧过程出现熔融滴落现象;继续加入SiO2可以进一步提高复合材料的极限氧指数,当添加3份SiO2时,复合材料的垂直燃烧测试达到V-0级。     

A novel intumescent flame‐retardant system for flame‐retarded LLDPE/EVA composites

A new intumescent flame retardant (IFR) system consisting of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and charing‐foaming agent (CFA) and a little organic montmorillonite (OMMT) was used in low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE)/ethylene‐vinyl acetate (EVA) composite. According to limiting oxygen index (LOI) value and UL‐94 rating obtained from this work, the reasonable mass ratio of APP to CFA was 3 : 1, and OMMT could obviously enhance the flame retardancy of the composites. Cone calorimeter (CONE) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were applied to evaluate the burning behavior and thermal stability of IFR‐LLDPE/EVA (LLDPE/EVA) composites. The results of cone calorimeter showed that heat release rate peak (HRR‐peak) and smoke production rate peak (SPR‐peak) and time to ignition (TTI) of IFR‐LLDPE/EVA composites decreased clearly compared with the pure blend. TGA data showed that IFR could enhance the thermal stability of the composites at high temperature and effectively increase the char residue. The morphological structures of the composites observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) demonstrated that OMMT could well disperse in the composites without exfoliation, and obviously improve the compatibility of components of IFR in LLDPE/EVA blend. The morphological structures of char layer obtained from Cone indicated that OMMT make the char layer structure be more homogenous and more stable. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Influence of the pentaerythritol phosphate melamine salt content on the combustion and thermal decomposition process of intumescent flame‐retardant ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymer composites

Pentaerythritol phosphate melamine salt (PPMS) as a single‐molecule intumescent fire retardant was synthesized and characterized. The influence of the PPMS content on the combustion and thermal decomposition processes of intumescent‐flame‐retardant (IFR) ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) composites was studied by limiting oxygen index (LOI) measurement, UL 94 rating testing, cone calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The LOI and UL 94 rating results illustrate that PPMS used in EVA improved the flame retardancy of the EVA composites. The cone calorimetry test results show that the addition of PPMS significantly decreased the heat‐release rate, total heat release, and smoke‐production rate and enhanced the residual char fire performance of the EVA composites. The IFR–EVA3 composite showed the lowest heat‐release and smoke‐production rates and the highest char residue; this means that the IFR–EVA3 composite had the best flame retardancy. The thermogravimetry results show that the IFR–EVA composites had more residual char than pure EVA; the char residue yield increased with increasing PPMS content. The analysis results for the char residue structures also illustrated that the addition of PPMS into the EVA resin helped to enhance the fire properties of the char layer and improve the flame retardancy of the EVA composites. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42148.     

凹凸棒土增强EVA/NBR阻燃复合材料的性能研究

以氢氧化镁（MH）和红磷（RP）为阻燃剂（FR）制备了乙烯醋酸乙烯共聚物/丁腈橡胶(EVA/NBR)阻燃复合材料,并将凹凸棒土（AT）引入到EVA/NBR阻燃复合材料中,以提高其力学性能、耐油性、燃烧性能及热稳定性。结果表明,含有10 份（质量份,下同）AT的阻燃复合材料,其拉伸强度为10.4 MPa,断裂伸长率为627.1 %;浸油后拉伸强度变化率从-29.3 %降低到-13.2 %,断裂伸长率变化率从-25.2 %降低到-8.6 %,且质量增大变化率从10.7 %降低到3.4 %;极限氧指数达到了32.2 %,UL 94垂直燃烧从无等级提高到V 0级;700 ℃时残炭量从29.3 %提高到35.6 %;浸油前后断面观察发现,加入AT后阻燃复合材料的断面更加致密。     

Flame retardant epoxy complex produced by addition of montmorillonite and carbon nanotube

Flame retardant additives of montmorillonite (MMT) and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) were embedded in epoxy resin to improve the resin's resistance to oxidation. The MWCNTs reduced the degradation rate of the epoxy complex and increased the char yield, and also increased the limiting oxygen index in a first order relationship with char yield. MMT acted as an energy storage medium to hinder thermal transfer within the epoxy complex. The thermal activation energy increased upon addition of MMT/MWCNT. Addition of MMT and MWCNT significantly improved the flame retardant and anti-oxidation properties of the epoxy complex.     

Halogen‐free intumescent flame‐retardant ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer system based on organic montmorillonite and graphene nanosheets

Halogen‐containing flame retardants are not preferred for environmental reasons. Herein, a halogen‐free intumescent flame‐retardant ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA/IFR) system containing organic montmorillonite (OMMT) and graphene nanosheets (GNSs) is fabricated with well dispersion structure, enhanced thermal‐oxidative resistance at high temperature. Interestingly, the amount of residual chars from thermogravimetric analysis is increased to 12.7 wt % at 700 °C, the EVA/IFR composite containing both OMMT and GNSs exhibits the best flame retardancy with the lowest peak heat release rate value of 529.58 kW m^?2, and the highest limited oxygen index value of 24.8%. The excellent flame retardancy is attributed to the formation of complete and compact protective char layer. Furthermore, the decreases of the mechanical properties caused by the addition of IFR are relieved and a high volume resistivity is maintained when combining OMMT and GNSs in the EVA/IFR system together. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46361.     

Synthesis,characteristic of a novel flame retardant containing phosphorus and its application in poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate)

A novel flame retardant (SPDH) containing phosphorus was synthesized through the reaction of 10‐(2, 5‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐9, 10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO‐HQ) and synthesized intermediate product 3, 9‐dichloro‐2, 4, 8, 10‐tetraoxa‐3, 9‐diphosphaspiro(5.5)undecane‐3, 9‐dioxide (SPDPC). The structure and properties of SPDPC and SPDH were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). After blending with poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) (EVA), the flame‐retardant properties of EVA/SPDH composites were estimated by cone calorimeter, limited oxygen index (LOI) and UL‐94 tests, whereas the thermal stabilities were investigated using TGA. The morphological microstructure of the char formed by EVA/SPDH composite after combustion in cone calorimeter was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that the flame retardant and thermal stability were improved by incorporation of SPDH. The rich foamy char layers were observed from the residues after combustion in a cone calorimeter, which exactly benefits the improvement of thermal stability and flame retardant property of materials. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

钼酸铵对EVA/NBR复合材料燃烧性能及热稳定性的影响

采用共混法在乙稀醋酸乙烯共聚物/丁腈橡胶（EVA/NBR）复合材料中加入钼酸铵（AHM）,通过烟密度测试、燃烧行为测试及热重分析研究了钼酸铵对复合体系的燃烧性能、抑烟性及热稳定性的影响。结果表明,添加1.0份（质量份,下同）AHM的复合材料的最大烟密度值降低到59.5 %,且烟密度等级仅为34.7,极限氧指数可达到33.3 %,UL 94垂直燃烧等级达到V-0级别,且燃烧时最大热释放速率从302 kW/m2降低到241 kW/m2;加入AHM后,复合材料的热稳定性提高;加入AHM后,烟密度实验后的残炭表面形貌更加致密。