基于World Wide Web的决策支持模型研究

文中通过对基于Ｗｏｒｌｄ Ｗｉｄｅ Ｗｅｂ（ＷＷＷ）上建立决策支持电子环境的研究，利用中介代理的概念，在用户和技术的拥有者之间架起了一座桥梁，构成了决策网，从而使ＷＷＷ上的决策技术得到共享。讨论了其结构、性能和各种功能，为进一步研究ＷＷＷ上的决策支持提供了一条途径。     

Toward support for hypermedia on the World Wide Web

As organizations rush to embrace the World Wide Web as their primary application infrastructure, they should not bypass the benefit of hypermedia support. The Web's infrastructure can serve as an interface to all interactive applications and, over time, will become the graphical user interface model for new applications. Ubiquitous hypermedia support should become the jewel of the Web environment. Through Web integration, hypermedia could become an integral part of every interactive application. With the proper tools to support hypermedia in Web application development, it will become second nature for developers and individual authors to provide supplemental links and hypermedia navigation. However, as organizations adopt the Web as their primary application infrastructure, designers may use Java and other tools to recreate current application functionality, and not take advantage of the Web's hypermedia-augmented infrastructure. If users, designers, MIS departments and organizations don't demand hypermedia support, hypermedia may get lost in the frenzy of Web integration     

A framework for decision support systems evaluation

In this paper, we present a framework for the Decision Support Systems evaluation problem. Using the Gorry-Scott Morton's framework for information systems, we develop several evaluation methods that structure the evaluation process. The framework determines the best methods of evaluation that are suitable to the characteristics of the Decision Support System concerned. Finally, we use the framework to evaluate two widely used Decision Support Systems.     

A framework for systems analysis for decision support systems

Comprehensive and elaborate systems analysis techniques have been developed in the past of routine and operational information systems. Developing support systems for organizational decision-making requires new tools and methodologies. We present a new framework for data collection and decision analysis which is useful for developing decision support systems. This task analysis methodology encompasses (1) event analysis, (2) participant analysis, and (3) decision content analysis. With a proper coding manual, it provides a framework for collecting relevant and detailed information required for decision support design and implementation. Further research is suggested for application and evaluation of the methodology in real-life DSS environments.     

Basic support for cooperative work on the World Wide Web

The emergence and widespread adoption of the World Wide Web offers a great deal of potential in supporting cross-platform cooperative work within widely dispersed working groups. The Basic Support for Cooperative Work (BSCW) project at GMD is attempting to realize this potential through development of web-based tools which provide cross-platform collaboration services to groups using existing web technologies. This paper describes one of these tools, theBSCW Shared Workspace system—a centralized cooperative application integrated with an unmodified web server and accessible from standard web browsers. The BSCW system supports cooperation through “shared workspaces”; small repositories in which users can upload documents, hold threaded discussions and obtain information on the previous activities of other users to coordinate their own work. The current version of the system is described in detail, including design choices resulting from use of the web as a cooperation platform and feedback from users following the release of a previous version of BSCW to the public domain.     

A general framework for time-aware decision support systems

In this paper we present a general framework for time-aware decision support systems. The framework uses the state-of-the-art tOWL language for the representation of temporal knowledge and enables temporal reasoning over the information that is represented in a knowledge base. Our approach uses state-of-the-art Semantic Web technology for handling temporal data. Through such an approach, the designer of a system can focus on the application intelligence rather than enforcing/checking data related restrictions manually. Also, there is an increased support for reuse of temporal reasoning tools across applications. We illustrate the applicability of our framework by building a market recommendations aggregation system. This system automatically collects market recommendations from online sources and, based on the past performance of the analysts that issued a recommendation, generates an aggregated recommendation in the form of a buy, hold, or sell advice. We illustrate the flexibility of our proposed system by implementing multiple methods for the aggregation of market recommendations.     

A research framework for Web-based open decision support systems

With the prevalence of the Web, most decision-makers are likely to use the Web to support their decision-making. Web-based technologies are leading a major stream of researching decision support systems (DSS). In this paper, we propose a formal definition and a conceptual framework for Web-based open DSS (WODSS). The formal definition gives an overall view of WODSS and creates a uniform research framework for various decision support systems. The conceptual framework based on browser/broker/server computing mode employs the electronic market to mediate decision-makers and providers, and facilitate sharing and reusing of decision resources. We also analyze the basic functions and develop an admitting model, a trading model and a competing model of electronic market in WODSS based on market theory in economics. These models reveal the key mechanisms that drive WODSS function efficiently. Finally, an illustrative example is studied to support the proposed ideas.     

基于Web的三峡库区边坡稳定性评价决策支持系统的研制与开发

本文提出了基于Web的三峡库区边坡稳定性评价决策支持系统,并针对三峡库区边坡的实际情况,对系统的需求、功能、业务流程进行了分析,划分了业务模块,并给出了整个系统的框架体系图。     

BASAR: a framework for integrating agents in the World Wide Web

At GMD's Human Computer Interaction Research Division, we are working on a system called BASAR (Building Agents Supporting Adaptive Retrieval). BASAR, a Smalltalk-based program that runs on Unix platforms, involves intelligent agents that actively support construction and management of a user's personal information space. Possible agent tasks include supporting navigation and browsing; simplifying information retrieval; sorting, organizing, and indexing user-jobs; and filtering information from large databases. BASAR's interface is based on the concept of indirect management. That is, computer agents support human users in a cooperative process where both agents and users can initiate communication, monitor events, and perform tasks     

A caching relay for the World Wide Web

We describe the design and performance of a caching relay for the World Wide Web. We model the distribution of requests for pages from the web and see how this distribution affects the performance of a cache. We use the data gathered from the relay to make some general characterizations about the web.     

Strategies for teaching older people to use the World Wide Web

Information is increasingly displayed digitally, yet less than half of the population of the UK use the Internet. Older people are especially unlikely to be Internet users and the consequent risks of digital exclusion must be addressed. A training course in computers and web use for older adults took place at the University of Dundee, with 15 participants. The course approach was to simplify application interfaces and to ensure that basic skills were learnt before more complicated tasks were presented. As part of this process, there was a focus on learning to use the computer before learners were introduced to the web with its wide variety of content. The course outcomes were positive and the authors report them here in order to reflect upon the experience and help others who set out to provide training for older people in web use.

A framework for applying ethics-by-design to decision support systems for emergency management

The development and utilisation of new information and communication technologies presents opportunities and risks, which bring ethical issues to the forefront. Any attempt to minimise the potential negative consequences to individuals, organisations and society resulting from the use of these technologies is challenging. In order to address these challenges, this paper presents an ethics-by-design approach that has been developed and implemented in the context of Decision Supports Systems for Emergency Management. Such systems help manage large and cross-border disasters by supporting decision makers to respond on emergencies in a reasonable way by taking follow-up actions into account. The approach taken in this paper specifically provides means to support the ethical dimensions of these decisions. Actions taken during disasters can have ramifications that persist long after a disaster has passed. The ethics-by-design approach presented here not only informs the design of systems, but also considers the role and training of the decision makers in the design process. The paper builds on the literature on ethics in information systems and makes a contribution to theory by providing a framework to ensure ethical considerations are embedded into the design of systems.     

Caching on the World Wide Web

With the recent explosion in usage of the World Wide Web, the problem of caching Web objects has gained considerable importance. Caching on the Web differs from traditional caching in several ways. The nonhomogeneity of the object sizes is probably the most important such difference. In this paper, we give an overview of caching policies designed specifically for Web objects and provide a new algorithm of our own. This new algorithm can be regarded as a generalization of the standard LRU algorithm. We examine the performance of this and other Web caching algorithms via event- and trace-driven simulation     

An integrated framework for group decision support systems design

Proposed approaches for the development of Group Decision Support Systems (gdss) address behavioral and technical aspects of these systems. However, these approaches generally address only one of these aspects at a time. This paper reviews these approaches and suggests a framework for developing gdss based on an integrated perspective. This proposed framework is comprehensive and integrative as it combines the behavioral characteristics of group decision making with the technical specifications that drive gdss. Software design and future research issues are discussed.     

A Multimedia Presentation Toolkit for the World Wide Web

This paper describes the design and implementation of MPRES, a Multimedia Presentation Toolkit for the WWW. The WWW has seen phenomenal growth over the last couple of years. It has become a vast repository of multimedia information that is accessible to virtually anyone having a browser. MPRES is a multimedia presentation system that allows a user to compose and render a presentation consisting of objects referenced by their URLs (Uniform Resource Locators). It uses the concept of dynamic documents to render on a WWW browser, a sequence of multimedia scenarios, having objects of types such as audio, image, plaintext, HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) document and animation. MPRES Author, the authoring subsystem, allows the user to interactively test and compose such a presentation, using the Netscape Navigator to collect multimedia resources from the WWW. A presentation database stores the presentations and provides a convenient frontend for accessing them. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons,Ltd.     

WWW上的缓存技术

WWW上的缓存技术被认为是改进Web性能的有效技术之一，总观了缓存系统所要解决的问题，针对需要解决的问题，总结了目前为止所提出的各种缓存策略，最后概括了理想的WWW缓存系统应该具备的性能指标。     

A generic framework for multi-criteria decision support in eco-friendly urban logistics systems

In this paper, we present a multi-objective shortest path evolutionary algorithm for comprehensive solutions to real-world manifestations of the classical vehicle routing problem. The shift from being a purely academic pursuit is highlighted by the introduction of a generic optimization framework which accommodates a variety of attributes that commonly occur in industrial applications. Specifically, the paper's main contribution are as follows: (1) consideration for the following real-world constraints: (a) time windows at customer locations, (b) simultaneous pickup and delivery demands, (c) a heterogeneous fleet of vehicles, and (d) the heterogeneity of traffic congestion levels in urban transportation networks; (2) assimilation of all the above attributes into a multi-objective program which aims to minimize environmental impact, while simultaneously addressing the overall operational costs of the routing solution and service quality concerns; a feat that has not been fully realized by known intelligent systems according to the authors’ best knowledge. In order to showcase the efficacy of the proposed algorithm, it is first tested on existing benchmark instances and then applied on a pair of real-world industrial examples from Singapore. These industrial examples serve as a source of new benchmarks which facilitate the study of different routing constraints and their effects on the economic and environmental viability of urban logistics systems.     

A conceptual framework for society-oriented decision support

Inspired by the operation of human social organisation, this paper presents a new architecture—a pyramid-committee—for developing society-oriented intelligence, whose structure imitates the organisation of human society in its decision making. The system takes a pyramid-like hierarchical structure with links in the pyramid forming a semi-lattice, which relate not only to nodes in the same layer, but also to others in different layers. The output of the system is a result of the negotiation and balancing of different interests. For such a system to function, the main difficulties concern the complicated relationships between different factors or agents. Focussing on the airport environment audit, we discuss the development of a model framework and the role of neural networks.