共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
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国际校准实验室的发展趋势 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
校准实验室是从事计量检测设备校准,向社会提供公正检测数据,实现量值溯源,以保证全国测量统一和难确的技术机构。1887年德国最先成立了以西门子命名的帝国物理技术研究院(PTR),战后成为德国物理技术研究院(PTB)。1893年俄国建立权度总署,十月革命后发展成为以俄国计量工作奠基人门捷列夫命名的全苏计量科学研究院,现为俄罗斯圣彼得堡计量科学研究院。1900年英国建立了以研究计量基准为中心,以应用物理研究为基础的英国物理研究所(NPL)。1901年美国正式成立了美国标准局(NBS)。这些国家级计量研究机构的建立,标志着计… 相似文献
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在2012年3月30日召开的2011年度上海市科学技术奖励大会上,上海市计量测试技术研究院2项科研项目获上海市科技进步奖。
由上海市计量测试技术研究院机械与制造所牵头完成的“微纳米尺度几何量测量和溯源方法研究”项目荣获上海市科技进步二等奖,该项目围绕微米纳米测试与计量领域的一系列关键技术,在相关测试方法、测量仪器研究、量值溯源方法、相关技术的应用开发等方面展开了较为深入的研究,科研成果显著,并取得了较好的社会经济效益。 相似文献
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几何量计量技术大量应用于光学制造业以检测零件质量和控制生产过程,是光学制造业的核心技术,涉及微纳米结构的几何量计量以及平面、球面、非球面、直纹曲面及自由曲面的面形计量.本文综述了德国联邦物理技术研究院支撑光学制造的部分计量技术.介绍了一种测量范围为25 mm×25 mm×5 mm的计量型大范围原子力显微镜(AFM),可灵活多样地测量各种微纳结构.介绍了一种新颖的AFM探针(ACP),可实现微纳结构侧壁形貌的直接、无损测量.介绍了一种应用Flared AFM探针的真三维AFM及其用于减少针尖磨损的矢量探测技术,可应用于各种纳米结构的真三维测量.介绍了可用于平面和中等曲面面形绝对测量的两种方法:差分型激光束偏转法和可溯源多路传感器法(TMS).讨论了面形测量中存在的挑战性难题.介绍了可用于面形测量的高精度三坐标测量机. 相似文献
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准确的纳米几何结构测量是提高集成电路、微纳机电系统和微纳技术产品的质量和性能的关键技术支撑,为了得到准确一致的测量结果,必须实现纳米尺度的量值溯源并建立量值的传递体系。为满足纳米几何结构计量从纳米尺度到毫米尺度的跨尺度计量需求,实验室研制了毫米级纳米几何特征尺寸计量标准装置,集成于该装置中的多自由度激光干涉计量系统,实现了测量结果向米定义SI单位的直接溯源。实验结果表明该系统能够在毫米级的测量范围内,实现纳米级的测量准确度,分辨力达到了亚纳米量级。 相似文献
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The elastic response of molecular organic materials to external mechanical nanoindentations in the nano- and low micronewton
force range can be characterized using ultrasharp cantilever tips of an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). Because clear distinction
between elastic and plastic deformation is achieved, the maximal accumulated elastic energy can be directly determined from
the force vs. penetration curves, giving an estimate of the characteristic energies of the materials. 相似文献
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Nolte R Allie MS Böttger R Brooks FD Buffler A Dangendorf V Friedrich H Guldbakke S Klein H Meulders JP Schlegel D Schuhmacher H Smit FD 《Radiation protection dosimetry》2004,110(1-4):97-102
Well-characterised neutron fields are a prerequisite for the investigation of neutron detectors. Partly in collaboration with external partners, the PTB neutron metrology group makes available for other users neutron reference fields covering the full energy range from thermal to 200 MeV. The specification of the neutron fluence in these beams is traceable to primary standard cross sections. 相似文献
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《Journal of Experimental Nanoscience》2013,8(1):51-62
Doppler velocimetry is widely used in the measurement of nanometre resonance vibrations of micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS). It has excellent sensitivity and precision, but typical engineering applications do not require traceability of these velocity measurements to the SI system. While Doppler velocimetry is, in principle, easy to make traceable to the velocity of light, in practice a frequency-to-voltage conversion in common commercial instruments breaks this traceability unless calibrated. Typically, though, calibration is performed at a much lower frequency than those typical of MEMS devices, without the guarantee that the calibration is applicable in this higher frequency regime. We present a method of traceable measurement of velocity in terms of the velocity of light, valid for the range of frequency and nanometre amplitudes typical of MEMS devices driven to resonance vibration. This is achieved by analysis of sideband amplitudes in the interference spectrum before demodulation of the Doppler signal. These sideband amplitudes can conveniently be measured using a benchtop spectrum analyser, a piece of widely available electrical test equipment. We illustrate the method with measurements on individual AFM cantilevers. In combination with cantilever calibration methods based on MEMS devices this method enables traceable calibration of those cantilevers employed for the measurement of pico- and nanonewton forces between individual biomolecules. 相似文献
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Williams J.M. Smith D.R. Georgakopoulos D. Patel P.D. Pickering J.R. 《Science, Measurement & Technology, IET》2009,3(2):165-174
A digitally controlled voltage generation and measurement unit optimised for high-precision electrical metrology is described. It is optically isolated from the controlling computer and contains specially constructed isolated power supplies allowing continuous operation without the need to recharge batteries. The source has a simple microcontroller that is pre-programmed with firmware to control operation and to carry out simple repetitive measurement tasks, such as generation and quantisation of signals using uniform sampling. The merits of the developed unit are demonstrated by three example applications: (i) the application of the unit to control a Josephson voltage standard, (ii) the implementation of a transfer standard for the calibration of the electronic instrumentation of fatigue testing machines traceable to the primary electrical standards and (iii) the force measurement of an ion thruster traceable to the primary electrical standards at the industrial user level. 相似文献
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Z. J. Jabbour S. L. Yaniv 《Journal of research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology》2001,106(1):25-46
This paper describes the facilities, measurement capabilities, and ongoing research activities in the areas of mass and force at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The first section of the paper is devoted to mass metrology and starts with a brief historical perspective on the developments that led to the current definition of the kilogram. An overview of mass measurement procedures is given with a brief discussion of current research on alternative materials for mass standards and surface profiles of the U.S. national prototype kilograms. A brief outlook into the future possible redefinition of the unit of mass based on fundamental principles is included. The second part of this paper focuses on the unit of force and describes the realization of the unit, measurement procedures, uncertainty in the realized force, facilities, and current efforts aimed at the realization of small forces. 相似文献