复合除磷剂的使用与分次投加方式对除磷效果的影响

为使出水TP达到《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)中Ⅳ类标准(TP≤0.3 mg/L),研究比较了FeCl_3、Al_2(SO_4)_3、FeCl_3和Al_2(SO_4)_3按n(Fe:Al)=3:1比例配制的复合除磷剂,以及复合除磷剂在分次投加方式下的除磷效果。结果表明:初始TP浓度为5 mg/L时,复合除磷剂比单独使用FeCl_3、Al_2(SO_4)_3除磷效果好,当除磷剂投加量为100 mg/L时,复合除磷剂磷去除率为96.4%,分别比Al_2(SO_4)_3、FeCl_3高出9.49%、1.68%;多次投加除磷剂时以二次和三次投加时效果较好,当复合除磷剂投加量为100 mg/L,二次投加除磷剂时,磷去除率为98.2%,比一次投加、三次投加时高出1. 8%、0.44%;实际水样连续流试验选择二次投加除磷剂,出水TP含量可稳定达到地表水Ⅳ类标准,并且出水浊度也从2.63 NTU降低至0.99 NTU,去除率达到了62.4%。综合考虑除磷剂消耗量和成本,选择复合除磷剂应用于实际生产较好,每处理1 t含磷量5mg/L的废水成本约为0.22元。     

工业含磷废水除磷研究

在常温条件下，以低廉的氯化镁、碳酸氢铵作沉淀剂加入到含磷废水中除磷时，得到的一次处理液因含磷高无法达标排放。本文利用聚合氯化铝（PAC）和聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）作复合混凝剂，对其进行进一步除磷研究，实验研究证明，加入复合混凝剂的效果优于单独使用，并可使处理后的废水达到国家二类水排放标准。     

脱硫废水资源化处理高磷废水研究

以高磷废水为处理对象,提出了脱硫废水资源化除磷方案。考察了Mg~(2+)浓度、pH、脱硫废水与高磷废水混合体积分数(FPR)和初始磷浓度对除磷效果的影响,结果表明,升高pH有利于除磷,Mg~(2+)浓度对除磷效果的影响不大;初始磷浓度越大,脱硫废水除磷效率越高;当初始钙磷比(物质的量比)大于2.0,pH≥10时,磷去除率可维持在95%以上,出水磷质量浓度小于0.5 mg/L。XRD、SEM结果表明,中性条件下,沉淀物主要为CaHPO_4·2H_2O;碱性条件下,沉淀物主要为Ca_3(PO_4)_2·n H_2O,Mg~(2+)会掺入晶体相,形成白磷钙石。     

用于市政废水除磷的聚合氯化铝铁絮凝剂研究

以价廉的铝酸钙粉为原料，研制了一种用于市政废水除磷的高效低耗的聚合氯化铝铁（PAFC）无机高分子复合絮凝剂．研究内容包括：PAFC的制备方法研究，PAFC用量对模拟废水和实际废水除磷、除浊效果的影响，废水经PAFC处理后pH值的变化情况，废水酸度对除磷效果的影响，PAFC与常见商品絮凝剂除磷性能的比较研究。试验结果表明：自制的铝铁复合絮凝剂的除磷效果好于传统的铁盐和商品铝铁盐；除浊效果也较好，除浊率可达到95％以上；废水处理后pH值也较稳定。PAFC用于市政废水有较优异的除磷、除浊性能。     

PAC-PDMDAAC无机/有机复合絮凝剂除磷研究

研究了无机／有机复合絮凝剂PAC-PDMDAAC用于废水除磷,探索了PAC-PDMDAAC复合絮凝剂除磷的最佳配比范围和最佳用量。研究表明,在最佳条件下对模拟废水磷去除率为94．4％,浊度去除率为97％。本实验还将该复合絮凝剂应用于实际生活废水,对于实际废水的磷去除率为95％,浊度去除率为94．5％,达到国家含磷污水排放一级标准(GB8978-1996)。     

上海丰远环保科技有限公司

<正>新产品介绍——废水处理系列产品除磷混凝剂除磷除镍混凝剂FY新型高效除磷剂FY除磷除镍铜混凝剂FY脱色剂FY脱色除磷剂COD去除剂除氨氮、COD、BOD、重金属离子等☆功效:除镍、除磷、除浊(SS)、去除水中COD、BOD及重金属离子等功能显著,特别是处理含镍废水效果更佳。◆除磷混凝剂对含磷废水磷的去除达99.9以上;◆除磷除镍混凝剂对电镀废水中的磷和镍能一步去除;     

国外文摘

LUDWIGCH等GWF Wasser Abwasser(西德)126[5]257-263(1985) 本文是建设奥地利Neusiedl湖的集水区域,实行除磷和脱氮的两处生物学法处理废水施设的概况报告。为了除磷,完全脱氮是非常重要的。在Wulkatal废水处理场用硫酸铁做化学沉淀剂,添加量恰好在Fe/P(重量)=1的除磷情况下,化学除磷和生物学法除磷两者形成了良好的组合。可以获得含磷1.4mg/l的水质。而Eisbachtal废水处理场在最佳条件下,生物学除磷可达90%以上。维也纳市处理能     

锌对含磷废水化学特性的影响

涂装行业锌系磷化工艺产生含锌磷化废水。本文研究采用Fe2（SO4）3和CaCl2为沉淀剂处理该种废水时,锌对溶液中磷的化学特性的影响。以化学法处理废水时,锌引起金属磷酸盐沉淀的pH发生变化,比理论计算值偏高。以CaCl2为沉淀剂处理锌系磷化废水时,除磷的最佳pH大于10．72,高于Yonghui Song等人用纯磷酸盐和纯钙盐反应得出的最佳pH值7．0～9.0;而除锌的pH值大于8．00,采用CaCl2处理废水能同时达到去锌除磷的要求。以Fe2（SO4）3处理废水时,除磷最佳pH为4．10,高于理论计算值3．18。     

聚合氯化铝、聚合硫酸铁、聚合硫酸铝铁除磷效果对比研究

以人工配制含磷废水和实际含磷废水为研究对象,重点考察了聚合氯化铝(PAC)、聚合硫酸铁(PFS)和聚合硫酸铝铁(PAFS)的最佳除磷pH值范围、最佳投加量范围以及对不同类型含磷废水的除磷性能。结果表明,3种絮凝剂均在pH=6的条件下除磷效果最佳,其中,PFS表现出良好的除磷性能,是一种高效除磷混凝剂。     

垃圾焚烧飞灰处理涂装磷化废水

探索了垃圾焚烧飞灰在处理涂装磷化废水方面的资源化利用途径,通过红外光谱(FT-IR)分析、比表面积(BET)与孔径(BJH)测试,探讨了处理机制。结果表明,飞灰去除涂装废水中高含量的磷、镍效果均十分显著,常温30 min磷与镍的去除率均达到99%以上,受温度、振荡转速影响小,涂装废水进水不需调节pH。出水中各指标均达到GB8978-1996一级排放标准,且未产生新的重金属污染。飞灰在处理过程中未出现多孔性结构,吸附作用不是除磷的主要机制;化学沉淀是除磷、除镍的主要机制,原水中的以镍为主的重金属离子在为除磷过程提供阳离子同时也得到去除。飞灰中可溶性重金属与磷酸盐发生沉淀反应,在处理废水的同时稳定化了重金属,处理后飞灰浸出液中Zn、Pb的含量分别降低了86.1%、95.2%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。