PNC型压电式高温涡街流量传感器

高温涡街流量传感器是根据卡门涡街理论，采用高温压电陶瓷制成的敏感器件，本传感器使用ＰＮＣ型改性偏铌酸铅高温压电陶瓷，这种陶瓷的主要参数为Ｔｃ５６２（℃），Ｋｔ０．１４，ｄ３３７６（ｐｃ／Ｎ），ε＾Ｔ３３／ε，２２０，文章给出了主要压电参数的温度特性和ＰＮＣ型高温涡街流量传感器的实测参数及主要技术性能。     

锆钛酸铅镧陶瓷裂尖处由电场诱发90°的电畴变的实验研究

用传统陶瓷工艺合成制备（Ｐｂ０．９６Ｌａ０．０４）（Ｚｒ０．４０Ｔｉ０．６０）０．９９Ｏ３（ＰＬＺＴ）铁电陶瓷,并用Ｘ射线衍射对其结构进行了测定,表明室温下ＰＬＺＴ陶瓷为铁电四方相结构：ａ＝ｂ＝０．４０５５ｎｍ,ｃ＝０．４１０９ｎｍ,ｃ／ａ＝１．０１３,将ＰＬＺＴ陶瓷极化后,在抛光面进行压力为４９Ｎ的Ｖｉｃｋｅｒｓ压痕,并施加强度为０．４Ｅｃ,０．５Ｅｃ,０．６Ｅｃ（Ｅｃ＝１１０Ｖ／ｍｍ）的侧向电     

压电陶瓷驱动器材料

介绍一种压电应变常数ｄ３１大于３００×１０＾－１２ｍ／ｖ，居里温度大于１５０℃，介电常数小于５０００的压电陶瓷驱动器材料。     

Fe0.5Sr0.5CoO3酒敏陶瓷性能的研究

本文通过在Ｆｅ０．５Ｓｒ０．５ＣｏＯ３酒敏陶瓷基体中掺杂不同量的Ｎｂ２Ｏ５、ＣｄＯ、Ｌａ２Ｏ３、ＳｎＯ２等，研究了氧化物掺杂对酒敏陶瓷灵敏度峰值温度的影响。结果表明：这四种掺杂物都能一定程度降低Ｆｅ０．５Ｓｒ０．５ＣｏＯ３酒敏陶瓷的灵敏度峰值温度，且掺杂量为３％（摩尔比）左右时，该陶瓷的敏感度最好。     

Si3N4／纳米SiC复相陶瓷的研究

采用纳米ＳｉＣ粉体制备了Ｓｉ３Ｎ４／纳米ＳｉＣｐ复相陶瓷。研究了制备工艺、纳米ＳｉＣ含量对材料性能及显微结构的影响,并对材料显微结构特点与强韧化机制进行了分析 。结果表明：添加２０ｖｏ％〈１００ｎｍ的ＳｉＣ粉体时,复相陶瓷的室温抗弯强度达８５６ＭＰａ,当添加１０ｖｏ％上述ＳｉＣ粉体时,复相陶瓷的增韧效果最佳,断裂韧性达８．２７ＭＰａｍ＾１／２,比基体材料提高了２３％。     

PLZT陶瓷的介电弛豫行为与A位有序

用传统粉末工艺合成了（Ｐｂ＿（０．８６５）Ｌａ＿（０．０９））（Ｚｒ＿（０．６５）Ｔｉ＿（０．３５））Ｏ＿３陶瓷（ＰＬＺＴ９／６５／３５）。Ｘ射线研究表明：试样中存在着Ａ位准体心立方有序超结构，有序畴的平均尺寸为１０～２０ｎｍ。测定了１０个频率下介电常数与温度的关系，并将介电常数最大值的温度Ｔ＿ｍ与对应的频率ｆ用Ｖｏｇｅｌ－Ｆｕｌｃｈｅｒ公式拟合，得到物理上合理的激活能及指数前项值，这表明试样的介电弛豫行为与自旋玻璃态类似。基于Ａ位有序超结构及类似于自旋玻璃态的极化行为，对试样的极化全过程进行了探讨。     

PSN掺杂对锆钛酸铅特性的改善

研究了通过掺杂Ｐｂ（Ｓｎ１／３Ｎｂ２／３Ｏ３［ＰＳＮ］对Ｐｂ（ＴｉｙＺｒ２）Ｏ３系陶瓷热稳定性及老化特性的改善,试验表明加入一定量的ＰＳＮ组成的陶瓷体系,居里温度提高,高温下的热稳定性和老年特性均得以改善,满足了高温下高性能的压电换能元件的需要。     

单步法合成铌镍酸铅基铁电陶瓷及其性能

采用单步法合成了铌镍酸铅基铁电陶瓷，研究了合成过程中钙钛矿结构的形成及其介电铁电性能。X射线衍射结果表明，加入65mol％过量的PbO即可形成单一的钙钛矿相，观察其微观结构、测试其介电和铁电性能，结果表明，1200℃为最佳烧成温度，此温度烧结的陶瓷样品可以获得18000的介电常数。该方法为合成铅基弛豫铁电体提供了新的途径。     

PMZNT驰豫铁电陶瓷在不同外电场下的介电特性

对PMN－PZN－PT弛豫铁电陶瓷在不同外电场下的介电特性进行了研究。结果表明：直流偏压场与交流测试场对弛豫铁电体的作用相反,增大偏压场导致介电常数的降低,而增大测试场则使介电常数升高。同时频率色散度也呈现了不同的变化趋势。利用超顺电理论及多畴态模型对上述结果进行了定性分析。     

溶胶—凝胶法合成PLZT微细粉末

以金属异丙醇盐为原料，用溶胶－凝胶法合成了ＰＬＺＴ（Ｌａ／Ｚｒ／Ｔｉ为９／６５／３５）微细粉末。研究了ｐＨ值、溶剂、干燥过程等工艺条件对胶凝时间和凝胶性能的影响。通过Ｘ射线衍射分析，热重及差热分析，研究了由凝胶至ＰＬＺＴ粉末的转变过程以及凝胶结构和焙烧温度对ＰＬＺＴ粉末性能的影响。实验证明，约在５２０℃凝胶转变为ＰＬＺＴ固溶体；在５５０℃下焙烧制备的ＰＬＺＴ粉末粒径小于０．２μｍ。     

Synchronous improvement of piezoelectric property and temperature stability in PSN-PMN-PT ceramics by forming composites with ZnO

Relaxor ferroelectric materials with high piezoelectric properties always suffer from low phase transition temperature, making them difficult to satisfy the demands for high-temperature environment applications. In this work, we proposed a composite approach to improve the piezoelectricity and temperature stability of PSN-PMN-PT ceramics at the same time. The ZnO nanoparticles as a second phase were introduced into the PSN-PMN-PT matrix to form composite ceramics. When the ZnO content reaches 5 mol%, the piezoelectric constant d₃₃ increases from 529 pC/N for pure PSN-PMN-PT ceramic to 590 pC/N. Meanwhile, the retained d₃₃ after annealing at 200 °C keeps 92% of the value before annealing, indicating the thermal depolarization behavior is suppressed by the composite method. The synchronous improvement of the d₃₃ and thermal depolarization behavior for PSN-PMN-PT/ZnO composite ceramics is related to the local electric field and stress field caused by the addition of ZnO particles. Our results pave a simple and effective way to develop next-generation PT-based relaxor ferroelectric ceramics.     

Preparation and Characterization of Relaxor Ferroelectric 0.65Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.35PbTiO3 by a Polymerizable Complex Method

A modified polymerizable complex (PC) method for the preparation of the relaxor ferroelectric 0.65Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃–0.35PbTiO₃ (PMN–PT) ceramics has been developed using a novel water-soluble Nb precursor. The effects of Pb content and sintering temperature on the structure, morphology, composition, and electrical properties of PMN–PT powders and ceramics were investigated systematically. It was found that the modified PC method could effectively reduce the initial crystallization temperature of the perovskite phase to 500°C. For PMN–PT samples with 15% excess Pb content sintered at 600°C for 2 h, the 87% perovskite phase can be achieved, which is much higher than that in conventional solid-state reactions and other solution-based methods at the same temperature. On further increasing the sintering temperature to 1100°C, the perovskite phase content basically remains constant. This is attributed to the Pb-deficient pyrochlore phase formation. On increasing the sintering temperature to 1250°C, the dielectric constant and remnant polarization of PMN–PT ceramics significantly improved due to the larger grain sizes, enhanced density, and the decreasing pyrochlore phase. PMN–PT ceramics with a 98.5% content of the perovskite phase have been fabricated at 1250°C. It displays typical ferroelectric relaxor characteristics with a remnant polarization of 18 μC/cm², a coercive field of 9.6 kV/cm, a piezoelectric coefficient of d ₃₃=360 pC/N, and room-temperature and maximum dielectric constants of 3600 and 10 500 at 1 kHz, respectively.     

Performance enhancement of soft-PZT5 piezoelectric ceramics using poling technique

Pb(Zr_1−xTi_x)O₃ (PZT) ceramics are the most widely used piezoelectric ceramics due to their excellent performance. It has been reported that the direct current poling (DCP) apply on alternating current poling (ACP) relaxor-PbTiO₃ ferroelectric crystals can further improve the piezoelectric properties. Herein, we report the dielectric and piezoelectric properties of soft-PZT5 ceramics under DCP, ACP, and ACP + DCP methods. The piezoelectric coefficient d₃₃ of the soft-PZT5 ceramics was 560 pC/N using ACP+DCP at room temperature (RT), which is 4% higher than the ACP-treated sample (540 pC/N) and 24% higher than the DCP-treated sample (450 pC/N). The ideal poling temperatures of DCP and ACP were found to be 120°C and 60°C, showing optimal d₃₃ values of 540 pC/N and 565 pC/N, respectively. The ACP and ACP+DCP samples show the same aging trend. After 30 days of aging, the d₃₃ values of the DCP, ACP, and ACP+DCP soft-PZT5 ceramics were 415 pC/N, 500 pC/N, and 510 pC/N, respectively, showing decreases of 12%, 8%, and 9%, respectively. This work indicates that the ACP+DCP method is an effective method to improve the piezoelectric properties of soft-PZT5 ceramics.     

Effect of composition and grain size on dielectric,ferroelectric and induced strain behavior of PLZT/ZrO2 composites

Lead lanthanum zirconate titanate ceramics (PLZT) are well known for their excellent dielectric, piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties. In this study, PLZT 9/70/30, 9/65/35 and 9/60/40 ceramics were prepared by vibro-milling mixed-oxide method. All compositions of powders were uniaxial pressed in pellets and sintered at the temperatures of 1200–1275 °C with various soaking times of 2, 4 and 6 h. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed that all the PLZT samples had perovskite structure with ZrO₂ as a second phase and PLZT/ZrO₂ composite structure was formed. Dielectric behavior at the frequency of 1 kHz showed broad peak indicating relaxor ferroelectric behavior and the difference of the temperature at maximum dielectric at different frequencies increased when Zr:Ti ratio increased. Polarization with electric field (P-E loop) at room temperature showed that when Zr:Ti ratio increased, the coercive field decreased resulting from crystal structure change from tetragonal to rhombohedral. Induced strain with electric field depended on microstructure where the value of S_max/E_max tended to decrease with increasing grain size. It can be concluded that dielectric and ferroelectric behavior predominantly depended on composition of PLZT ceramics and induced strain behavior predominantly depended on grain size of PLZT ceramics.     

Microstructure and electrical performance of Sm2O3-doped BCTSG lead-free ceramics

This work aims to upgrade the comprehensive electrical properties of BaTiO₃-based ceramics (1-x)[(Ba_0.94Ca_0.06)(Ti_0.92Sn_0.08)]-xSm₂O₃-0.06 mol% GeO₂ [abbreviated as (1-x)BCTS-xSm-0.06G]. First, piezoceramics were synthesized via a conventional solid-state method. Next, the phase structures, surface topographies, ferroelectric domains were evaluated using XRD, XRD Rietveld refinements, SEM, OP-PFM, TEM. The results demonstrate that all the ceramics possess an orthorhombic-tetragonal (O-T) phase when at room temperature. Significantly, optimized piezoelectricity is gained at x = 0.03 mol% (piezoelectric constant of d₃₃ = 630 ± 20 pC/N and planar electromechanical coupling factor of k_p = 61%). The ferroelectric domains of ceramics were examined using OP-PFM and TEM, which ulteriorly indicate that the favorable piezoelectricity is attributed to the coexistence of the O-T phase boundary and the subdued energy density of the domain wall. Furthermore, all the ceramics are confirmed to be relaxor ferroelectrics, with the relaxor degree increasing with the increasing content of Sm₂O₃.     

Densification and properties of oxygen sintered CuO-doped PIN-PMN-PT ceramics

Relationships between sintering temperature and annealing atmosphere on microstructure and dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties of reactively sintered CuO-doped Pb(In_1/2Nb_1/2)O₃-Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-PbTiO₃ (PIN-PMN-PT) ceramics were investigated. Uniform 2−3 μm grain size, dense CuO-doped PIN-PMN-PT ceramics are obtained when oxygen sintered versus a bimodal grain size microstructure when sintered in air. Oxygen sintered ceramics have excellent properties including d₃₃ = 300–315 pC/N, E_C = 7.7–8 kV/cm, and tan δ < 1.5%. The MPB region was mapped for ternary compositions doped with 0.5 mol% CuO and sintered in O₂. MPB 25PIN-40PMN-35PT demonstrated the maximum piezoelectric properties with d₃₃ = 565 +/− 23 pC/N and k_p = 0.64 +/− 0.01. Sintering from 1050 °C to 1200 °C increased the coercive field from 8.5 to 11.5 kV/cm and reduced dielectric losses from tan δ = 1.8% to 0.8% by facilitating diffusion of CuO into the lattice and creating domain wall pinning defect dipoles as evidenced by an increase in the internal field bias of P-E loops.     

Preparation and characterization of Pb(Lu1/2Nb1/2)O3–Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3–PbTiO3 ternary ferroelectric ceramics with high phase transition temperatures

To explore new relaxor‐PbTiO₃ systems for high‐power and high‐temperature electromechanical applications, a ternary ferroelectric ceramic system of Pb(Lu_1/2Nb_1/2)O₃–Pb(In_1/2Nb_1/2)O₃–PbTiO₃ (PLN–PIN–PT) have been investigated. The phase structure, dielectric, piezoelectric, and ferroelectric properties of the as‐prepared PLN–PIN–PT ceramics near the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) were characterized. A high rhombohedral‐tetragonal phase transition temperature T_R‐T of 165°C and a high Curie temperature T_C of 345°C, together with a good piezoelectric coefficient d₃₃ of 420 pC/N, were obtained in 0.38PLN–0.20PIN–0.42PT ceramics. Furthermore, for (0.8?x)PLN–0.2PIN–xPT ceramics, the temperature‐dependent piezoelectric coefficients, coercive fields and electric‐field‐induced strains were further studied. At 175°C, their coercive fields were found to be above 9.5 kV/cm, which is higher than that of PMN–PT and soft P5H ceramics at room temperature, indicating PLN–PIN–PT ceramics to be one of the promising candidates in piezoelectric applications under high‐driven fields. The results presented here could benefit the development of relaxor‐PbTiO₃ with enhanced phase transition temperatures and coercive fields.     

Synthesis and properties of Bi0.5(Na1−x−yKxAgy)0.5TiO3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics

Bi_0.5(Na_1−x−yK_xAg_y)_0.5TiO₃ piezoelectric ceramics were prepared by conventional ceramic processes. X-ray diffraction patterns show a pure perovskite structure, indicating that the K⁺ and Ag⁺ ions substitute for the Na⁺ ions in Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃. The temperature dependence of the dielectric constant and dissipation factor shows all ceramics to experience two phase transitions: from ferroelectric to anti-ferroelectric and from anti-ferroelectric to paraelectric. The transition temperature from ferroelectric to anti-ferroelectric and the temperature at which the dielectric constant reaches its maximum value decrease with the increase of K⁺ amount. At room temperature, the ceramics containing 17.5–20 mol% K⁺ and 2 mol% Ag⁺ exhibit high piezoelectric constant (d₃₃ = 180 pC/N) and high electromechanical coupling factor (k_p = 35%).     

(K0.5Na0.5)(TaxNb1-x)O3无铅压电陶瓷的性能特征

采用传统电子陶瓷制备工艺制备了(K0.5Na0.5)(TaxNb1-x)O3无铅压电陶瓷。研究了不同Ta含量下(K0.5Na0.5)(TaxNb1-x)O3陶瓷的晶相组成及性能特征。结果表明,(K0.5Na0.5)(TaxNb1-x)O3陶瓷在低Ta含量时形成单一斜方相固溶体,但Ta含量达到0.08mol后则有K6Ta10.8O30次晶相产生。随着Ta的加入,陶瓷的体积密度逐渐增大,居里温度(Tc)逐渐降低。当Ta含量为0.08mol时陶瓷具有良好的铁电、压电性能和介电稳定性能,其压电常数d33为76pC/N。     

Structure‐property relationships in BiScO3–PbTiO3–PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3 ceramics near the morphotropic phase boundary

The phase structure, dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties of (1?2x)BiScO₃–xPbTiO₃–xPbMg_1/3Nb_2/3O₃ ceramics (x = 0.30‐0.46) were studied. It was found that an increase in x leads to a structural phase transition between the rhombohedral and tetragonal phase via an intermediate monoclinic phase and to a crossover from the nonergodic relaxor state to the ferroelectric one. It was proposed that at x > 0.42 the phase transition changes from second to first order. The assumption about the existence of a tricritical point on the phase diagram at x ≈ 0.42 with the enhanced dielectric response has been made. The observed structure‐property relationships of the studied solid solutions are discussed. It is shown that the solid solutions with x = 0.42 are characterized by the high piezoelectric parameters (d₃₃ = 509 pC/N, d₃₁ = ?178 pC/N, d_h = 153 pC/N), which makes possible their applications in sonar equipment.