论骨灰瓷的热稳定性

本文以给出的热稳定性判据为依据，从工艺角度出发，并结合骨灰瓷的显微结构特征，分析了影响骨灰瓷热稳定性的诸多因素，以利于在实际生产中合理利用各种原料，合理采取各种工艺制度，达到提高骨灰瓷产品质量，改善其热稳定性之目的。     

白色骨灰瓷试验报告

我厂曾试制和生产了骨灰瓷,它与国际市场上英、日等国出售的传统骨灰瓷色调不同,略呈绿色,我们称绿色骨灰瓷。为了适应国际市场的需要,提高骨灰瓷的白度,我们对骨灰及骨灰瓷的加热变化与物理化学性能之间的关系,做了一点工作,并对提高骨灰瓷的白度提出一点看法。一、骨头制造骨灰瓷用的骨头,据资料介绍一般采用牛骨,英国认为“最适用的骨灰原料是含铁最少的两岁公牛骨”,也有用磷灰石制瓷的,近年来还有用磷酸氢钙和“烧成     

谈谈骨灰瓷

骨灰瓷的定义英国是骨灰瓷的发祥地,有较久的生产历史。英国将取自动物骨灰的磷酸三钙至少含有30%的透明瓷器称为骨灰瓷。美国把至少含有25%骨灰制成的透明瓷器称作骨灰瓷。日本给骨灰瓷下的定义是:以骨灰为助熔剂的软质瓷器,呈乳白色,色调雅致,透     

信息集锦

山东硅院的“合成骨灰及其制瓷（骨灰瓷）技术的研究”获国家发明二等奖骨灰瓷是细瓷中的佼佼者,它是高档高价住商品,长期为英国垄断,其生产技术是严格保守秘密的。用牛骨灰作原料其质量要求极其苛刻,且因它瘠化性能是生产工艺中的难点,故国际上能生产优质骨灰瓷的国家极少。我国也曾生产,但由于原料质量及工艺的原因,始终未能扩大生产。山东省硅酸盐研究设计院在张儒岭院长领导下,将“合成骨灰及其制瓷（骨灰瓷）技术的研究”立项,经过几年的努力完成了任务。该项目经国家科技部评审议定获国家发明二等奖,这是我国日用陶瓷50年来…     

锆英石对骨灰瓷结构和性能影响的研究

本工作分别测定了添加ＺｒＯ２粉和锆英石的骨灰瓷的物理性能和显微结构，对锆对骨灰瓷的作用机理进行了讨论，得到锆可以增强骨灰瓷的力学性能和提高其热稳定性的结果。     

增韧骨灰瓷增韧机理的初步探讨

本文以骨灰瓷传统配方为基础，通过在骨灰瓷坯体中添加氧化锆（ＺｒＯ２），在釉料中加入氧化锆（ＺｒＯ２）和锂辉石．而达到提高骨灰瓷强度、韧性的目的。并对氧化锆和锂辉石在骨灰瓷坯体和釉料中的增韧机理进行了分析与探讨。     

淄博瓷厂三项科研成果通过鉴定

淄博瓷厂承担的骨灰瓷工业性试验,熔融石英质匣钵、钙锆质高温生科乳白釉产品的研制三项科研成果已获成功,目前分别通过了省、市技术鉴定。 骨灰瓷是国际上公认的高级日用细瓷,目前只有少数工业发达的国家能生产。1979年淄博瓷厂科技人员研制出了可与英日两国同种产品相媲美的骨灰瓷,并投入小批量生产,成为我国研制骨灰瓷最早的厂家之一。但因骨灰瓷泥料塑性差,半成品合格率低、烧成范围窄,产品极易变型等问题,未能进行工     

试制骨灰瓷的初步简结

“骨灰瓷”是一种软质陶瓷,应用于制作日用餐具、茶具、咖啡具及美术陈列品。它具有比重较轻、透明度高,瓷面细腻等特点。世界上一些陶瓷生产较发达的国家,如英国、日本等有专门生产骨灰瓷的工厂。经过精心装饰的骨灰瓷在国际市场上按“高档瓷”出售。我厂广大革命职工和科技人员,遵照伟大领袖毛主席的教导:“一定要在不远的将来,赶上和超过世界先进水平”。早在一九六六年就研究试制了骨灰瓷,后来由于受刘少奇和     

增韧骨灰瓷增韧机理的初步探讨

本文以骨灰瓷传统配方为基础，通过在骨灰瓷坯体中添加氧化锆（ＺｒＯ２），在釉料中加入氧化锆（ＺｒＯ２）和锂辉石，而达到提高骨灰瓷强度、韧性的目的。并对氧化锆和锂辉石在崩灰瓷坯体和釉料中的增韧机理进行了分析与探讨。     

强化瓷和高强度日用瓷

解释了强化瓷，并从制作工艺上指出了强化瓷与高强度日用瓷的区别。把机械强度高的骨灰瓷和滑石质日用瓷列为高强度日用瓷。简要叙述了高铝强化瓷和高硅强化瓷的制造工艺，简要说明了骨灰瓷和日用滑石瓷机械强度高的原因。     

骨质瓷生料釉的研制

研制成功了一种适合于骨质瓷一次烧成使用的生料釉，在不降低产品的外观质量与内在性能的情况下，降低了成本，节约了能源，开创了一条骨质瓷生产的新思路。     

Constitution of Bone China: II, Reactions in Bone China Bodies

The reactions which occur on firing bone china are described and discussed with reference to the phase data for the system lime-alumina-phosphorus pentoxide-silica. X-ray examination of variously fired china bodies indicates that up to approximately 1000°C. the mineralogical interactions are similar to those that occur in earthenware; above this temperature the nature of the reactions is characteristic of the bone china body alone. Intimate mixing, high firing temperature, and fluidity of phosphatic melts combine to promote rapid reactions in bone china bodies. Thus, phase data may be applied profitably to problems involving the properties and behavior of bone china bodies at high temperatures. The failure of differential thermal analysis to yield satisfactory information is noted.     

釉料组成对骨质瓷热稳定性及抗折强度的影响

骨质瓷作为高级日用细瓷之一,以其高白度、高透光度和高强度等优良性能在国内外市场深受青睐。但骨质瓷的热稳定性远不如传统的K2O-Al2O3-SiO2系统瓷及滑石质日用细瓷。通常日用细瓷对热稳定性要求是制品水中交换温差达到200℃以上;而目前我国实际生产的骨质瓷制品水中交换温差多在140℃以下,即便是优质的骨质瓷水中交换的温差也只是达到160℃。国内外对提高骨质瓷热稳定性进行了大量的研究,笔者在此基础上探讨釉料组成对骨质瓷热稳定性的影响。笔者就釉料的作用与特点进行了简单介绍,阐述了釉料配置应遵循的原则以及各氧化物在釉料中的作用。其着重计算了基础釉料配方以及调整组成后的各组配方的膨胀系数,及其与坯体膨胀系数的差值,介绍了釉浆制备及施釉工艺;着重叙述了各组配方烧成曲线及温度的确定,以及测定各组烧成试样的热稳定性、白度、抗折强度及坯釉适应性等性能的实验过程和实验结果,并进行简要的分析。最后,通过总实验结果的分析与讨论,得出结论,即通过改变釉料组成提高热稳定性是可行的。     

新骨瓷初探

通过在瓷坯中添加矿化剂的试验，研究了添加不同种类、数量的矿化剂对传统瓷器的烧成温度、变形度、吸水率、透光度等方面的影响，研制成功了一种外观质量上近似于骨瓷的新材质，其生产工艺易于控制，可进行规模生产。     

Phase analysis and microstructure evolution of a bone china body modified with scrap addition

Properties of a commercial bone china body containing varying amount of fired scrap of same material (0-12%) was studied and attempt was made to correlate the same with respect to phase analysis and microstructural evolution. Despite numerous studies on bone china by several authors, knowledge is still insufficient about the chemical reactions taking place among the various raw materials leading to very narrow firing range. In commercial production of bone china wares, loss during biscuit firing is significantly high. In this study attempt has been made to utilize a portion of the fired scrap in a commercial bone china composition and the effect of the same on the formation of the constituent phases has been tried to correlate with the properties developed. Phase analysis of the matured specimens revealed that there was gradual decrease in β-Tri calcium phosphate (β-TCP) content while increase in glassy phase was observed with progressive incorporation of scrap. Scrap incorporated body resulted in early maturity of the specimens as well as development of a very dense microstructure. Presence of scrap did not alter the anorthite phase content. The microstructure consisted of distinct regions of agglomerated spheroidal β-TCP and lath shaped anorthite crystallites in a heterogeneous calcium aluminosilicate glassy matrix.     

负离子材料对骨质瓷坯料性能的影响

将负离子粉,电气石和麦饭石作为负离子材料分别加入骨质瓷坯料中,研究负离子材料对骨质瓷坯料性能的影响规律,确定负离子材料的种类与添加量.结果表明:在骨质瓷坯料泥浆中加入负离子材料能够使骨质瓷坯料泥浆相对粘度和触变性增大,比重变小.麦饭石对样品的烧成收缩的影响最明显.负离子材料的添加量增加,样品的负离子释放量增大,添加负离子粉的样品最为明显.负离子材料影响骨质瓷白度,添加量越多白度降低越明显;在添加量相同的情况下,加入负离子粉的样品白度更高.在骨质瓷坯料中加入负离子材料能够使施釉后烧成的骨质瓷成品仍然具有负离子释放能力.     

Bone china formulated with waste glass

Abstract

Abstract

Bone china is known for its technical and aesthetical quality with distinguishable whiteness, brightness and high mechanical strength. In this work, the use of waste glass was investigated in a bone china composition. This makes the production of this porcelain even more interesting from the environmental point of view, since most of its raw materials are from recyclable sources. Potash feldspar was partially replaced by waste glass, and the technical and slip rheological properties, phase development and microstructure after firing of the ceramic bodies were evaluated. The results revealed that waste glass provides a reduction in firing temperature and large plateau for firing while maintaining the quality of the final porcelain, including thermal expansion and mechanical strength.     

Interactions between an ABS type leadless glaze and a biscuit fired bone china body during glost firing. Part I: preparation of experimental phases

In this paper, part of an extended study, crystalline phases of a biscuit fired bone china body, namely anorthite and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), were produced experimentally to be used in subsequent interface studies for simulation of the interactions during glost firing at different temperatures between an ABS type commercial leadless glaze and the individual phases originally present in the body. The research was undertaken based on the premise that bone china has been a product providing the greatest challenge in moving to a totally leadless glaze. High bulk density and low apparent porosity values were achieved from both the anorthite and β-TCP samples through the suitable heat treatments. The microstructural and chemical characteristics of the experimental phases were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning (SEM), and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy techniques in combination with EDS analysis. The morphological and chemical similarity of the phases to those originally present in a biscuit fired bone china body was clearly demonstrated. This similarity supports the choice of the experimental material for the interface studies undertaken with these phases in the second part of the study.     

Surface modification of bovine bone ash prepared by milling and acid washing process

Bovine bone ash is the main raw material for fabrication of bone china, a special kind of porcelain that has visual and mechanical advantages when compared to usual porcelains. The properties of bone china are highly dependent on the characteristics of the bone ash. However, despite a relatively common product, the science behind formulations and accepted fabrication procedures for bone china is not completely understood and deserves attention for future processing optimizations. In this paper, the influence of the preparation steps (firing, milling, and washing of the bones) on the physicochemical properties of bone ash particles was investigated. Bone powders heat-treated at temperatures varying from 700 to 1000 °C were washed and milled. The obtained materials were analyzed in terms of particle size distribution, chemical composition, density, specific surface area, FTIR spectroscopy, dynamic electrophoretic mobility, crystalline phases and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that bone ash does not significantly change in terms of chemistry and physical features at calcination temperatures above 700 °C. After washing in special conditions, one could only observe hydroxyapatite in the diffraction pattern. By FTIR it was observed that carbonate seems to be mainly concentrated on the surface of the powders. Since this compound can influence in the dispersion stability, and consequently in the quality of the final bone china product, and considering optimal washing parameters based on the dynamic electrophoretic mobility results, we describe a procedure for surface cleaning.     

Constitution of Bone China: III, High-Temperature Phase Equilibrium Studies in the System Tricalcium PhosphateAnorthite-Silica

The primary-phase fields of the system tricalcium phosphate-anorthite-silica are delineated, and the distribution of isotherms is related to the firing of bone china. The system is a true ternary with a eutectic at 11% tricalcium phosphate, 51% anorthite, 38% silica that melts at 1290°± 5°C.