浅谈不锈钢阴极在云铜的生产试验及应用

总结了云铜与昆明理工大学联合开发的不锈钢永久性阴极在云铜的试验和生产使用.在试验和生产使用过程中集中考察了阴极板的表面性质、附着力、剥离性、耐腐蚀性;阴极板边缘的绝缘材料、绝缘形式和使用寿命;阴极板导电横梁的材质、形式和性能;铜在不锈钢阴极表面结晶的外观形态差异等.     

永久性不锈钢阴极板在铜精炼中的应用

不锈钢由于其优异的耐腐蚀和机械性能,在绝大多数电解铜精炼生产中得到广泛应用。本文介绍了奥氏体不锈钢和双相不锈钢阴极板的性能特点及其在电解液中的腐蚀现象。并对不锈钢阴极板的局部腐蚀和均匀腐蚀等进行了一系列试验,结果表明在电解铜精炼工艺中,双相不锈钢LDX2101可以取代奥氏体不锈钢316L作为永久不锈钢阴极。     

永久不锈钢阴极板变形修复及悬垂度检验方法

不锈钢阴极板技术的推广改善了阴极铜的质量,但经长时间使用后的不锈钢阴极板会出现悬垂度超差、板面光洁度降低的情况,必须加以修复。结合山东某冶炼厂不合格的不锈钢阴极板委托修复项目,提出了修复措施,并提出了一种简单、快捷的阴极板悬垂度检验方法。     

基于三维误差空间模型的阴极板垂直度检测方法

随着现代铜行业的发展和进步,ISA法铜电解和铜湿法电积（电解）工艺由于其显著的优越性,已成为铜行业的主流,针对这两种工艺,它们在电解过程中都用到耐酸不锈钢板作为阴极,所以现在不锈钢阴极板已广泛应用于铜电解工业生产中。实际生产中,不锈钢阴极板在日常铜电解生产和吊装运输过程中,受行车吊装、阴极铜剥离等各种不利因素的影响,部分不锈钢阴极板会产生不良形变,如纵向变形、横向形变和应力形变等,为了能检查阴极板变形导致垂直度不好的问题,设计了一种基于三维误差空间模型的阴极板垂直度检测系统,可对不同程度形变的不锈钢阴极板板面进行自动、快捷的悬垂直度检查,使其有问题的阴极板能准确的剔除来矫正,这道工序在现代电解自动化系统建设中,具有极好的推广意义。     

长沙市长宏金属材料有限公司

<正>免更换、免维护、节电型阴极板长沙市长宏金属材料有限公司在参考国内外湿法冶金用不锈钢阴极板导电结构的基础上,经过与众多科研机构通力合作,将铜棒与不锈钢制作成不锈钢包铜复合材料,设计开发出"免更换、免维护、节电型"阴极板,该阴极板具有以下优点。1)免更换。将电解金属锰阴极板导电铜排改为不锈钢包铜复合棒,只留出与汇流铜排接触部分裸露,这样保护导电铜排不腐蚀、不变形,从而大大提高导电铜棒的使用寿命(可达10年以上),1根不锈钢包铜复合棒最少可配套2块不锈钢阴极板,从而大幅降低电解金属锰厂家用于阴极板铜排的投资金额。     

KIDD工艺阴极板变形原因探究与治理

金隆公司在K IDD法电解投产初期,遇到了不锈钢阴极板变形问题。为此,金隆在2008年组织了对阴极板变形问题的治理攻关,通过对机组设备、行车作业、物料状况以及槽面装出槽作业的跟踪调查、调整与管理,同年7月取得了阴极板变形问题治理的阶段性成果,极大地提高了PC电解的生产效率。本文介绍了金隆K IDD电解工艺不锈钢阴极板变形原因以及解决变形问题的一些举措。     

铜电解不锈钢阴极板修复

在电解铜过程中,阴极剥片机组剥阴极铜时,不锈钢阴极板板面反复的受到机械力挤压、弯曲,操作工不正确的操作习惯,致使阴极板板面出现弹簧板现象(板材凹凸反复)、板材边缘有凹凸拉伸、褶皱变形(塑性变形)等现象,从而影响生产,因此需要修复,以期能够提高阴极板的重复使用效率。通过实验调整校平机不同辊径、辊距,测量阴极板板面垂直度、水平度,对实验数据进行分析,确定合适的辊径、辊距和校平力为不锈钢阴极板修复奠定了基础。     

长沙市长宏金属材料有限公司

<正>免更换、免维护、节电型阴极板长沙市长宏金属材料有限公司在参考国内外湿法冶金用不锈钢阴极板导电结构的基础上,经过与众多科研机构通力合作,将铜棒与不锈钢制作成不锈钢包铜复合材料,设计开发出"免更换、免维护、节电型"阴极板,该阴极板具有以下优点。1)免更换。将电解金属锰阴极板导电铜排改为不锈钢包铜复合棒,只留出与汇流铜排接触部分裸露,这样保护导电铜排不腐蚀、不变形,从而大大提高导电铜棒的使用寿命(可达10年以上),1根不锈钢包铜复合棒最少可配套2块不锈钢阴极板,从而     

研制剥锰片机取得成果

在锰电解时,金属锰电积在不锈钢阴极板上,锰片由阴极板上剥离下来,呈块状装桶或装袋后出售。阴极板上经处理卮再返回电解槽使用。以前,国内各电解锰厂一直用手工锤击方法进行剥离,其缺点是:劳动强度大,阴极板     

钛钢阴极母板的使用

种极生产,是电解铜生产中的重要关键。目前,国内外仍多沿用铜制或不锈钢作阴极母板,未行电解前,其表面须经特殊处理、周边包以绝缘材料或涂腊和表面沾皂剂等工序,然后置于电解槽进行电解获取始极片。该法每道工序均较严细,否则,使电积于母板上的铜难于剥离,则需多花劳动力;铜制和不锈钢母板在电解过程中一遇烧板,铜片更无法剥离,往往使母板不能再用而报废;上述两种板材使用寿命都比较短,铜制母板易受电解液酸     

High Temperature Tribological Studies on Surface Engineered Tool Steel and High Strength Boron Steel

The popularity of hot sheet metal forming processes in the recent years has necessitated research efforts to improve tool life and control the friction level during hot forming operations. In this work, the tribological properties of tool steel and ultra high strength boron steel (UHSS) pairs at elevated temperatures have been studied by using a special hot sheet metal forming test rig that closely simulates the conditions prevalent in the real process. This test involves linear unidirectional sliding of a preheated UHSS sheet between two tool steel specimens where new workpiece material is continuously in contact with the tool surface. The study is aimed at investigating different surface treatments/coatings applied on either the tool or sheet surface or on both. The results have shown that it is possible to control the coefficients of friction through surface treatments and coatings of the tool and workpiece materials. The application of a coating onto the sheet material has a greater influence on the friction compared to changing the tool steel surface. After running‐in, the investigated tool steel variants show almost similar frictional behaviour when sliding against the same sheet material. Although coating the UHSS sheet reduces friction, it abrades the tool surface and also results in transfer of the sheet coating material to the tool surface.     

Ti和Nb对超低碳氮Cr18不锈钢回复再结晶的影响

超低碳氮Cr18铁素体不锈钢,由于碳、氮元素含量较低,其耐腐蚀性、塑性均有所改善,可进行深加工、焊接等,其冷轧板可作为汽车排气系统、电梯面板等的原材料。研究了添加不同含量Ti、Nb对超低碳氮Cr18铁素体不锈钢热轧板和冷轧板的回复再结晶及再结晶晶粒尺寸的影响。结果表明,含0.29%Nb的热轧板和冷轧板的回复再结晶被显著延迟,而且再结晶晶粒明显细化。     

High performance nano-structured stainless steel sheet

High-strength steels have been attracting more and more attention of people,Unfortunately.deterioration of ductility limited their applications.To solve this problem,a nano-structured stainless steel sheet is developed to combine high strength and high ductility.Processing of the surface mechanical attrition treatment(SMAT) was introduced to obtain a nano-grain layer on the double surface of the stainless steel sheet.The microstructure of the nanostructured steel sheet is characterized by an alternate distribution of coarse grained layer and nanocrystalline layer.Then the dual surface nano-crystallized stainless steel sheets were co-warm rolled at 500℃.The experimental results reveal that the mechanical properties of the nanostructured steel exhibit high yield strength in the range of 700 -950 MPa and tensi le strength higher than 930 MPa.Moreover,elongation to fracture reaches to 15%-48%, together with a uniform elongation stabilized to 13%-45%.     

世界不锈钢工艺技术和市场的现状和发展

世界上大部分不锈钢是由二次冶金工艺－ＡＯＤ或ＶＯＤ生产的。为了在生产不锈钢时减少氩气消耗和对耐火材料的需求，以及降低硅铁的用量，发展了ＥＡＦ／ＬＤ（ＭＲＰ）／ＶＯＤ三步炼钢法。在２～３ｍｍ厚的不锈钢板的市场上，廉价的不锈钢热轧板开始与冷轧板竞争。在今后１０年中，世界不锈钢的需求可望以每年５％～６％的速度增加。     

Sensors to Monitor CFRP/Concrete Bond in Beams Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

The use of inexpensive electrochemical impedance spectroscopy based sensor technology for nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of bond degradation between external carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) reinforcement and concrete is examined. Copper tape on the surface of the CFRP sheet, stainless steel wire embedded in the concrete, and reinforcing bars were used as the sensing elements. Laboratory experiments were designed to test the capability of the sensors to detect the debonding of the CFRP from the concrete and to study the effect of short-term (humidity and temperature fluctuations) and long-term (freeze-thaw and wet-dry exposure and rebar corrosion) environmental conditions on the measurements. The CFRP sheet was debonded from the concrete, and impedance measurements were taken between various pairs of electrodes at various interfacial crack lengths. The dependence of the impedance spectra, and of the parameters obtained from equivalent circuit analysis, on the interfacial crack length was studied. Capacitance parameters in the equivalent circuit correlated strongly with the interfacial crack length and can be used to assess the global state of the bond between CFRP sheets and concrete. Impedance measurements taken between embedded wire sensors can be used to detect the location of debonded regions.     

Producing multicomponent SHS-compacted cathodes based on refractory titanium compounds for vacuum-arc coatings

The technological features of and a device for manufacturing multicomponent cathodes of arc evaporators using SHS compaction are considered. Physically, an SHS-compacted cathode is a four-layer function-gradient product and consists of a metallic base in the form of a water-cooled bottom part of a regular cathode, an evaporating operating layer, an intermediate layer, and the SHS solder layer required for joining the synthesized material with the base. Compositions and weight characteristics of layers that allow us to produce defect-free multicomponent SHS-compacted cathodes based on stainless steel are presented.     

Solidification and microstructure of a high alloy stainless steel

The steel considered in the present work can be classified as a 6Mo austenitic stainless steel, which has a much higher corrosion resistance than many other commercially available stainless steels. However, because of macrosegregation during solidification of ingot casting, the high alloy content in the steel, especially Mo, N, C, enhances precipitation of intermetallic phases such asa phase. Such precipitation mainly occurs in the center of the material and has normally no significant effect on mechanical properties or surface corrosion resistance. The introduction of modern production methods such as continuous casting of slabs for stainless sheet production has reduced the macrosegregation tendency and related precipitation. However, the microsegregation in a small scale may be enhanced as the higher cooling rate prevents the diffusion in the solidified region. In the present work, the continuous casting solidification process was simulated in a laboratory gradient     

反向凝固法生产复合奥氏体不锈钢薄带的研究

采用１．２ｍｍ厚的１５Ｆ热轧板为母带,以奥氏体不锈钢１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９作为覆层材料,在实验室条件下研究了反向凝固法生产复合奥氏体不锈钢薄带的可行性。实验表明,随着母带在钢液中浸渍时间的增加,新相层的生长经历“快速生长”、“平衡相持”和“迅速回熔”阶段,新相层厚度着钢液过热度的增加而近似线笥地减少。此外,线带表面状态、母带在钢液中的浸渍时间及过热度对铸带质量有显著影响,控制合适的工艺参数可以获得质量优     

Mechanism of anisotropic lamellar fractures

Texture banding is common in sheet steels, especially in highly alloyed steels. Anisotropie plastic flow during tensile straining is known to cause cold-rolled and annealed ferritic-stainless-steel sheet to exhibit “ridging” or “roping” in the plane of the sheet even though there is no banding due to grain size, carbides, or inclusions. It has been observed that groups of grains having a common crystallographic orientation can appear in ribbon-like form and can result in anisotropic banding. In ferritic stainless steel, such bands frequently consist of the cube-on-face texture component imbedded as layers in a cube-on-corner matrix. In the present study, it was demonstrated that in tensile deformation, such “texture” banding results in anisotropic plastic flow, causing thin sheet to ridge on the surface, and thick sheet to develop cracks that propagate in planes parallel to the sheet surface. In this study, room-and low-temperature tension tests were conducted at low and high strain rates on samples of thin and thick AISI Type 430 ferritic-stainless-steel sheet, and room-temperature impact tests were conducted on the thick sheet. The results showed that, at low temperature or high strain rates, the banded cube-on-face texture component imbedded in other matrix orientations, such as the cubeon-corner texture, or a purely cube-on-face textured matrix, tends to cause lamellar fracture of the sheet. This was especially true in thick sections. The proposed mechanism is a generalized crystal-plasticity phenomenon that is applicable to any material in which texture-orientation banding or clustering effects occur and the mechanism may be one of several possible causes of “splitting” which is sometimes observed in highstrength alloy-steel plates, such as line-pipe plates, when fractured dynamically.