快速凝固Al-Fe基合金的组织演化和相选择

对Ａｌ－７．８３Ｆｅ,Ａｌ－５．１６Ｆｅ（ｗｔ％）两种Ａｌ－Ｆｅ快凝条带中不同冷速部位组织进行了ＴＥＭ分析,着重考察了Ａｌ－Ｆｅ快凝合金的组织演化演化及其各竞争初生相的析出次序。结果表明,Ａｌ－Ｆｅ合金快凝组织与成分及熔体的冷速有关,对一定成分的合金,当增加其熔体冷速时,亚稳ＡｌｍＦｅ相优先于Ａｌ６Ｆｅ相析出,初生α－Ａｌ相优先金属间化合物相析出,当合金中Ｆｅ含量越低,形成无一金属间化合物的相单－     

化学键性质机械合金化过程中非晶形成能力的影响

研究了Ｂ２型金属间化合物ＦｅＡｌ和ＦｅＴｉ的机械合金化过程，发现的相同的试验条件下，ＦｅＡｌ形成化学无序的固溶体，ＦｅＴｉ形成结构无序的非晶态，此现象可用ＦｅＡｌ的化学键为金属－离子混俣键，而ＦｅＴｉ的化学键为金属－共价－离子混合键来解释。     

Fe—Al系金属间化合物本征脆性的电子理论

利用电子理论计算了Ｆｅ３Ａｌ和ＦｅＡｌ金属间化合物的价电子结构和键能。分析了电子分布和晶体键络特性与其室温脆性之间的关系，提出了韧化Ｆｅ－Ａｌ系金属间化合物的可能途径。     

Fe_3Al基合金耐腐蚀性能研究进展

Ｆｅ－Ａｌ基合金是当前金属间化合物研究的热点，本文结合自己的工作总结了国内外Ｆｅ３Ａｌ金属间化合物耐腐蚀性能研究的大量文献，简要地综述了Ｆｅ３Ａｌ基合金高温腐蚀、热腐蚀及水溶液腐蚀性能研究的发展，并对当前研究中的问题及今后的发展趋势作了论述。     

Fe3Al基合金耐腐蚀性能研究进展

Ｆｅ－Ａｌ基合金是当前金属间化合物研究的热点，本文结合自己的工作总结了国内外Ｆｅ３Ａｌ金属间化合物耐腐蚀性能研究的大量文献，简要地综述了Ｆｅ３Ａｌ基合金高温腐蚀，热腐蚀及水溶液腐蚀性能的发展，并对当前研究中的问题及今后的发展趋势作了论述。     

（Ni,Fe）Al金属间化合物的快速凝固组织与室温塑性

用单辊快速凝固法制备（ＮｉＦｅ）Ａｌ金属间化合物并研究其组织与室温塑性。结果表明，Ａｌ－４５Ｎｉ－５Ｆｅ（原子分散）在快速凝固条件下可形成内部为亚微米级针状亚晶的等轴晶粒，具有高达３．１％的弯曲塑性，Ａｌ－３５Ｎｉ－１５Ｆｅ和Ａｌ－２５Ｎｉ－２５Ｆｅ的快凝组织则为柱状晶，弯曲塑性仅有１．１％１．０％，针状亚晶是一定成分的（Ｎｉ，Ｆｅ）Ａｌ在快速凝固条件下形成的亚稳相，其形成机制和快速凝固过程中原子     

高能球磨制备纳米晶Al－Cu合金

利用高能球磨工艺制备了纳米晶Ａｌ－Ｃｕ合金。发现按Ａｌ_（５０）Ｃｕ_（５０）配比纯元素粉末高能球磨时，形成了纳米晶的Ｃｕ_９Ａｌ_４金属间化合物。初步探讨了高能球磨纳米晶金属间化合物的形成过程。     

Al-TiO2-C-Ti-Fe体系反应过程研究

采用ＤＳＣ和ＸＲＤ对不同Ｆｅ含量Ａｌ－ＴｉＯ２－Ｃ－Ｔｉ－Ｆｅ体系的燃烧反应过程进行了研究。结果表明,Ａｌ－ＴｉＯ２－Ｃ－Ｔｉ－Ｆｅ体系的反应是分步进行的。在高温区以金属间化合物的分解及Ｔｉ、Ｃ反应为主;在低温区则随着Ｆｅ含量的不同存在不同的反应：Ａｌ－ＴｉＯ２－Ｃ－Ｔｉ以Ａｌ、Ｔｉ的反应为主,Ａｌ－ＴｉＯ２－Ｃ－Ｔｉ－２０ｗｔ％Ｆｅ以Ａｌ、Ｔｉ及Ａｌ、Ｆｅ反应为主,同时还存在Ａｌ、ＴｉＯ２及Ｆｅ、Ｔｉ反应,而Ａｌ－ＴｉＯ２－Ｃ－Ｔｉ－５０ｗｔ％Ｆｅ则以Ｆｅ、Ａｌ和Ｆｅ、Ｔｉ反应为主。     

金属间化合物的高温腐蚀与防护

综述了有序金属间化合物，主要是Ｎｉ－Ａｌ，Ｔｉ－Ａｌ和Ｆｅ－Ａｌ系金属间化合物高温腐蚀与防护方面的研究结果，包括它们的氧化腐蚀机理、合金元素对其氧化腐蚀性能的影响以及它们所需的高温涂层等。     

汽车用热镀锌板Fe—Al合金层的研究

用Ｘ射线衍射，萃取碳复型样品的电子衍射等方法对汽车用热镀反Ｆｅ－Ａｌ合金的组织结构进行了分析，结果表明，当锌液中的Ａｌ浓度小于０．１５％时，Ｆｅ－Ａｌ层主要由Ｆｅ２Ａｌ５金属间化合物组成。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...