PS-b-PEA嵌段共聚物的合成与表征

采用“活性”自由基聚合的方法合成了不同分子量的苯乙烯和甲基丙烯酸乙酯[polystyrene-block-poly(ethyl methacrylate),PS-b-PEA]嵌段共聚物。并用凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)和红外光谱(FTIR)对所合成的共聚物进行了表征,实验结果显示:在4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-氧化物自由基(HTEMPO.)和偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)存在下,苯乙烯聚合反应所得到的聚苯乙烯分子量分布在1.18~1.2范围,分子量随聚合时间的延长而增大(7 200~69 300 g/mol);将该聚苯乙烯溶于甲基丙烯酸乙酯,在(130±2)℃时可以重新引发甲基丙烯酸乙酯的聚合反应,且甲基丙烯酸乙酯的聚合反应具有“活性”聚合的特征,共聚物的数均分子量及分布分别在57 800~107 800 g/mol和1.22~1.26范围,共聚物由FTIR表征显示:在聚苯乙烯接上聚甲基丙烯酸乙酯后,在1 158 cm-1及1 727 cm-1出现其甲基丙烯酸乙酯的特征吸收峰,说明共聚物为嵌段共聚物。     

交联PMMA微球表面PS刷子的合成与表征

将含有双键的甲基丙烯酸-2-氨基乙酯化学锚接在交联聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微球表面,然后用过氧化苯甲酰引发苯乙烯发生氮氧调控自由基原位接枝聚合反应,将聚苯乙烯接枝在交联聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微球表面,制备了PS刷子层.用凝胶渗透色谱和红外光谱对所合成交联聚苯乙烯接枝聚甲基丙烯酸乙酯共聚物进行了表征,实验结果显示：在2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-氧自由基存在下,苯乙烯的聚合反应为＂活性＂自由基聚合,所得到的聚苯乙烯分子量分布在1.13～1.28范围,分子量随聚合时间的延长而增大（7 000～68 000 g/mol）.接枝聚合物红外光谱显示聚苯乙烯被接枝到了交联聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微球表面.AFM 表征显示交联聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微球尺寸在0.3～1.6 μm 范围.     

氮氧稳定自由基聚合与原子转移自由基聚合结合制备梳形支化聚苯乙烯的反应行为

为了实现对梳形支化聚苯乙烯结构的精确控制,采用核磁共振(1H-NMR)、多角度激光散射联用凝胶渗透色谱(GPC-MALLS)和气相色谱(GC)表征聚合物结构和观察反应动力学,研究了苯乙烯(St)与对氯甲基苯乙烯(p-CMS)氮氧稳定自由基共聚合(NMP)制备P(St-co-CMS)的反应行为以及以P(St-co-CMS)为大分子引发剂引发苯乙烯原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)制备梳形支化聚苯乙烯的反应行为。结果表明,在反应温度为130℃,苯甲醚为溶剂,BPO/HTEMPO为引发体系引发St与p-CMS的氮氧稳定自由基共聚合过程中,St和p-CMS的转化速率接近,p-CMS按其在单体混合物中的比例均匀进入共聚物分子链,共聚物分子量随转化率增加线性增大,P(St-co-CMS)的组成和分子量可控。在反应温度为100℃,苯甲醚为溶剂,CuCl/PMDETA为催化体系,P(St-co-CMS)为引发剂引发St的ATRP反应体系中,氯甲基全部用于引发St聚合,形成梳形支链;低转化率阶段,聚合物分子量随转化率增加呈线性增长,分子量分布较窄;在较高转化率下,聚合体系发生交联,形成凝胶;P(St-co-CMS)中p-CMS含量越高,凝胶越早发生。通过选择不同p-CMS含量的P(St-co-CMS)为大分子引发剂以及将苯乙烯转化率控制在一定范围,制得了主链分子量在25000~30000、支链数目在6.3~42.6、支链分子量在6000~17000的一系列梳形支化PS。     

P2VP-b-PS-b-PI三嵌段共聚物的RAFT合成及表征

以S-十二烷基-S’-(α,α’-二甲基-α’’-乙酸)-三硫代碳酸酯(DDMAT)为链转移剂,通过可逆加成-断裂链转移自由基聚合(RAFT)方法制备了窄分布的聚2-乙烯基吡啶。再以该聚合物为大分子链转移剂,引发苯乙烯的RAFT聚合,得到聚2-乙烯基吡啶-b-聚苯乙烯(P2VP-b-PS)的两嵌段共聚物。以P2VP-b-PS为RAFT试剂,合成聚2-乙烯基吡啶-b-聚苯乙烯-b-聚异戊二烯(P2VP-b-PS-b-PI)的三嵌段共聚物。运用1H NMR、IR和凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)等技术对产物的结构和分子量及分子量分布进行表征,采用原子力显微镜(AFM)观察三嵌段共聚物薄膜的微相分离结构。结果表明,所得三嵌段共聚物P2VP72-b-PS136-b-PI300分子量分布较窄(PDI=1.69),合成过程具有活性/可控聚合特征,聚合物薄膜经溶剂退火处理后出现了明显的微观相分离结构。     

原子转移自由基聚合法合成嵌段共聚物P4VP-b-PtBA

使用原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)法在异丙醇溶液中聚合得到大分子引发剂聚4-乙烯吡啶(P4VP-Cl)。进而使其引发丙烯酸叔丁酯(t BA)进行ATRP反应,得到了P4VP-b-Pt BA嵌段共聚物。使用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、核磁共振(1H-NMR)和凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)分析聚合物的结构和分子量。结果表明:所得聚合物结构明确且分子量及分子量分布可控。     

H型两亲嵌段共聚物PSt2-PEG-PSt2的合成

设计合成了结构对称的H型两亲嵌段共聚物二(聚苯乙烯)-聚乙二醇-二(聚苯乙烯)(PSt2-PEG-PSt2).聚乙二醇与2,2-二氯乙酰氯通过酯化反应合成的大分子引发剂,引发苯乙烯(St)单体的原子转移自由基聚合反应,得到一系列H-型嵌段共聚物.并表征了产物的分子量及其分布与结构.     

H型两亲嵌段共聚物PSt2-PEG-PSt2的合成

设计合成了结构对称的H型两亲嵌段共聚物二(聚苯乙烯)-聚乙二醇-二(聚苯乙烯)(PSt2-PEG-PSt2).聚乙二醇与2,2-二氯乙酰氯通过酯化反应合成的大分子引发剂,引发苯乙烯(St)单体的原子转移自由基聚合反应,得到一系列H-型嵌段共聚物.并表征了产物的分子量及其分布与结构.     

ATRP合成线性苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物

以α-溴代异丁酸叔丁酯(t-BBiB)为引发剂,CuBr/2,2′-联二吡啶(Bpy)为催化体系,在70℃下经原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)反应进行苯乙烯(St)和丙烯腈(AN)共聚合合成苯乙烯/丙烯腈共聚物。采用GC、~1H NMR和GPC对聚合反应过程和聚合产物进行了分析和表征。结果表明:单体浓度的半对数曲线与聚合时间呈线性关系,聚合物摩尔质量随单体转化率的上升而线性增加,而且摩尔质量分布在1.2～1.3之间,表现出活性聚合反应特征。随着聚合反应的进行,共聚物组成趋向于原始单体组成,大分子链存在梯度结构。     

PEO-b-PS两亲性嵌段共聚物的合成与表征

以PEO-Br为大分子引发剂,CuBr/2-2’-联吡啶为催化体系,采用原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)方法制得了一系列分子量可控且分子量分布窄的两亲性嵌段共聚物,通过1H-NMR、GPC、DSC等测试手段对其进行了表征,研究结果表明嵌段共聚物随着聚氧乙烯含量的降低,结晶度(Xc)、结晶熔融温度(Tm)、结晶温度(Tc)降低;当共聚物中聚氧乙烯的含量降为45%时,嵌段共聚物已无结晶现象。     

可生物降解苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物的合成工艺研究

以苯乙烯与马来酸酐为聚合单体,在适宜的条件下合成得到可降解的苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物。考察了引发剂用量、反应温度、反应时间、物料比等因素对SMA共聚物中马来酸酐含量及特性粘数的影响。结果表明,BPO量为0.3%、n(St)/n(MA)=1.2∶1、聚合反应温度125℃、聚合反应时间3 h,可以得到相对分子质量Mn=27 303、分子量分布Mw/Mn=1.873 736的SMA共聚物。利用红外谱(IR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)对产物进行了表征确认。     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

三种煤样燃烧热的测定

本文通过三个厂家提供的三种煤样燃烧热的测定,由测定结果综合得出3号煤样燃烧最完全、燃烧热也最大,是三个煤样中最好的一种。     

Semi-empirical equation of state of metals. Equation of state of aluminum

A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO₂) of density 0.08 g/cm³. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008.     

水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。     

小议汽车涂装工艺设计对涂装成本的影响

论述了涂装工艺设计对涂装设备投资、涂装生产成本的影响。     

Measurement of the gradient of viscosity with composition of mixtures of non-ideal gases

A perturbation viscometer is a differential capillary viscometer that measures the logarithmic viscosity gradient of the viscosity-composition curve for gas mixtures. Measurements are made at different gas mixture compositions. Integration of the logarithmic viscosity gradients measured over the full composition range gives the mixture viscosity relative to the viscosity of one of the pure components of the gas mixture. This method is attractive because, for measurements of equal precision, integration of the gradients is potentially an order of magnitude more precise than measurement of the viscosities directly. It can also work at high and low temperatures and perhaps high pressures.The perturbation viscometer has been used to make measurements on ideal gas mixtures at ambient and elevated temperatures. The situation is more complicated when the gas mixtures are non-ideal. Extra effects due to density differences, molar volume change on mixing and differential thermal expansion may be measured in addition to the desired viscosity change producing systematic errors in the results. Thus, a more sophisticated apparatus is required. The standard perturbation viscometer has been modified to separate out the extra effects to permit measurement of the true change in viscosity. In addition, the theoretical operation of the modified apparatus has been revised to account for the design changes to permit calculation of the viscosity-composition profiles from the results.The apparatus has been tested using helium-HFC-125 mixtures and two new viscosity-composition profiles are presented for these mixtures at 23 and . Internal consistency tests have been used to confirm that the data produced are of high quality with an estimated uncertainty in the viscosity ratio data at of 0.9% and at of 1.5%.     

Calorimetric and Computational Study of Enthalpy of Formation of Diperoxide of Cyclohexanone

A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out.     

塔设备改造选型的分析

就当前扩产增容中塔设备设计和改造时板式塔和填料塔的选型问题加以分析。在评述目前国内常用的几种塔板和新型填料之后，着重介绍一种新型塔板（导向梯形浮阀塔板）和一种新型填料（波环填料——乾隆帕克）。     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitin on the properties of chitin crystallites

In the present article, chitin from crab shell was systematically deacetylated using a NaOH treatment with control of the reaction time. The degree of deacetylation, monitored using solid-state NMR, revealed that the reaction was pseudo-first order. Based on this, swollen and NaOH-saturated particles are proposed as the reaction system. The weight loss of the partially saponified and neutralized samples after HCl hydrolysis increased linearly with the degree of deacetylation. The crystallinity of the samples was found to increase after acid hydrolysis. According to conductimetric titration, the surface charge density of the crystallites, after acid hydrolysis, was found to increase with base treatment time. The effect of surface charge on the formation of a chiral nematic phase, due to the rodlike nature of the crystallites, was explored. These results show that because the contribution of charged particles to the ionic strength was significant the double layer compression was affected, especially since the surface charge density was close to the Manning limit. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65:373–380, 1997