地震作用下钢框架结构竖向连续倒塌可靠度分析

通过建立典型钢框架的连续倒塌分析数值模型,使用拉丁超立方抽样方法抽取随机样本进行可靠度分析,考虑结构参数的不确定性影响,确定完好结构在地震作用下发生局部损坏的概率。以大震作用下可靠度指标最小的构件作为结构的失效构件,基于整体可靠度方法,采用拆除构件法对失效构件进行拆除并施加地震荷载进行分析,得到不同失效模式下受损结构发生连续倒塌条件可靠度指标和失效概率。最后结合失效构件的失效概率,研究结构在地震作用下的连续倒塌全概率可靠度。研究表明,运用可靠度理论对钢框架结构进行连续倒塌可靠度分析,可以直观地得到地震作用下钢框架结构发生连续倒塌的概率,为准确评价钢框架结构在地震作用下的抗连续倒塌能力提供依据。     

高效求解结构体系可靠度的新方法

传统的结构体系可靠度分析方法主要依赖于结构失效路径的分枝和约界技术,难以识别主要失效模式且结构体系失效概率计算工作量巨大。为了提高结构体系可靠度计算效率,以β-约界法和联合失效概率分枝约界法为基础,提出了一种快速求解结构体系可靠度分析方法。首先利用结构分析原理,推导出结构单元的安全余量函数并求出其对应的失效概率,拆除失效概率最大值对应的杆件并施以虚拟力形成新的结构,然后再对新的结构重新分析。循环上述步骤,直至结构形成机构为止,并利用构件的失效概率计算结构体系可靠度。算例对比研究表明,该方法计算过程简单、计算精度较高,可以获得结构的失效路径,适合于大型结构的体系可靠度计算。     

风荷载作用下输电塔结构体系可靠度分析

用荷载增量法结合有限元分析技术,通过枚举列出输电塔体系的主要失效路径,提出了蒙特卡洛概率方法,并通过Matlab软件计算出各输电塔体系的失效概率,最后以一大型输电塔进行了可靠度计算。     

地震作用下钢框架结构抗竖向连续倒塌可靠度分析

为了对偶然荷载作用下结构的抗连续性倒塌进行可靠度研究,采用OpenSEES软件建立钢框架连续倒塌分析数值模型,考虑到钢框架结构材料和荷载的不确定性,使用拉丁超立方抽样方法生成钢框架结构随机样本,并采用随机Pushover算法对钢框架结构进行分析,计算得到X、Y两个方向不同地震水平下各钢柱承载能力及变形能力的可靠度指标,根据抗震可靠度相关理论确定目标可靠度指标,通过比较各柱的可靠度指标和目标可靠度,对结构在地震作用下最可能失效构件进行识别。基于所识别的最可能失效构件,结合所生成的100组钢框架结构随机样本,采用拆除构件法对钢框架结构在单柱失效和多柱失效等工况下进行抗连续倒塌IDA分析,得到随机IDA分析曲线。通过结构连续倒塌极限状态方程,计算得到损伤结构发生连续倒塌的概率及连续倒塌条件可靠度指标。采用基于风险的结构连续倒塌概率表达式,分析地震作用下钢框架结构发生局部破坏后的连续倒塌全概率可靠度,为准确评价钢框架结构在地震作用下的抗连续倒塌能力提供依据。     

钢筋混凝土框架结构底部相邻两柱失效的抗连续倒塌性能研究

为研究钢筋混凝土结构在角柱和相邻边柱同时失效情况下的抗连续倒塌性能,采用12点等效均布荷载加载系统,对移除角柱和相邻边柱后的钢筋混凝土梁-板-柱子结构进行PUSHDOWN加载,并对钢筋混凝土子结构的破坏模式、承载能力、变形能力、钢筋局部应变、支座水平位移及边梁扭转变形进行分析。试验结果表明：角柱和相邻边柱同时失效的钢筋混凝土梁-板-柱子结构反应与悬挑板相近,梁与板无法形成有效的压拱机制、悬链线机制或薄膜机制来抵抗连续倒塌的发生。采用有限元软件DIANA建模对试验结果进行了数值模拟分析,证明了数值模型的合理性。采用塑性铰线法对试验屈服荷载和第一极限荷载进行分析,理论分析结果表明,与试验结果相比,塑性铰线法的分析结果偏于保守。     

建筑结构可靠性理论应用与发展

介绍了建筑结构可靠性的概念及分析步骤,阐述了目前识别结构体系主要失效模式的理论和算法,并对结构体系的分类以及失效概率计算方法作了具体说明,对促进结构体系可靠性理论研究具有积极的指导意义。     

桥梁多灾害设计荷载系数确定方法探讨

目前美国的桥梁设计多采用荷载与抗力系数法规范(LRFD),其荷载系数和抗力系数是以概率为基础的极限状态方程的形式求得的。荷载与抗力系数规范(LRFD)主要标定常规荷载和单个极端荷载,没有考虑多个极端荷载的情况,而且LRFD对于单个极端荷载的考虑并没有基于概率基础。该文针对多种极端荷载下荷载系数设计存在的问题,将多种极端荷载视为随机过程,以失效概率为纽带,提出荷载系数设计的分项失效概率概念。基于LRFD极限状态方程的形式,提出解决多种极端荷载作用下的MH-LRFD荷载系数计算方法,并给出当仅有两种极端荷载下,桥梁结构多灾害设计荷载系数的一般计算步骤。     

同塔多回输电线路杆塔可靠指标及失效概率分析

输电线路杆塔结构可靠指标及失效概率的分析研究,目前已经广泛应用于实际工程当中,本文着重研究了500kV同塔四回输电线路杆塔的可靠指标及失效概率。对于风荷载占控制因素的杆塔结构,本文研究了可靠指标计算参数组合对于杆塔失效概率的影响,同时计算了500kV同塔四回典型杆塔的可靠指标及失效概率,提出基于输电杆塔可靠度理论的杆塔风险规避的建议。     

地震作用下钢框架结构竖向连续倒塌可靠度分析

通过建立典型钢框架的连续倒塌分析数值模型,使用拉丁超立方抽样方法抽取随机样本进行可靠度分析,考虑结构参数的不确定性影响,确定完好结构在地震作用下发生局部损坏的概率.以大震作用下可靠度指标最小的构件作为结构的失效构件,基于整体可靠度方法,采用拆除构件法对失效构件进行拆除并施加地震荷载进行分析,得到不同失效模式下受损结构发...     

随机性验证荷载对既有建筑结构构件可靠度的影响分析

对既有建筑结构构件进行安全性评定时,容易推断其在已服役时间内的随机性验证荷载。以混凝土受弯、大偏压和轴压三类构件为例,研究了随机性验证荷载作用下结构构件可靠指标的时变规律。不考虑抗力退化时构件可靠指标和失效概率的时变规律分析表明：①经5年左右的验证荷载作用后,构件的失效概率均趋于与服役时间成正比;既有结构评定时的构件失效概率回复至零,且失效概率增长速率基本与原设计构件相同;②评定时的已服役时间越长、评估使用年限越短、永久荷载占比越大,验证荷载引起的构件可靠指标基本增量越大,而三类构件之间的可靠指标基本增量差异不大;③验证荷载引起的可靠指标综合增量由可靠指标基本增量和评估使用年限缩短引起的可靠指标增量构成,且后者大于前者;④评估使用年限不超过5年和已服役时间的一半时,验证荷载的有利作用较显著,采用基于良好结构状态的评定方法评定既有结构构件的安全性时应限定评估使用年限和已服役时间。完整的结构构件时变可靠指标分析应同时考虑抗力退化、验证荷载作用以及评估使用年限缩短的影响,验证荷载作用及评估使用年限缩短可抵消部分因抗力退化引起的可靠指标降低。     

负弯矩区Π型组合梁的连接强度与刚度

研究了加肋腹板连续组合梁的横向连接刚度和强度。采用横向腹板劲肋 ,加强了组合梁刚性上翼缘 (混凝土板 )对工字梁下翼缘的横向约束 ,能有效提高组合梁的侧向失稳荷载 ,但在钢梁上翼缘与钢筋混凝土板连接区域会产生较大的横向集中力。该集中力会导致混凝土板与下部钢梁上翼缘连接区的强度破坏 ,在设计中必须予以考虑     

A multi-level structural assessment strategy for reinforced concrete bridge deck slabs

This paper proposes a multi-level assessment strategy for reinforced concrete bridge deck slabs. The strategy is based on the principle of successively improved evaluation in structural assessment. It provides a structured approach to the use of simplified as well as advanced non-linear analysis methods. Such advanced methods have proven to possess great possibilities of achieving better understanding of the structural response and of revealing higher load-carrying capacity of existing structures. The proposed methods were used for the analysis of previously tested two-way slabs subjected to bending failure and a cantilever slab subjected to a shear type of failure, in both cases loaded with concentrated loads. As expected, the results show that more advanced methods yield an improved understanding of the structural response and are capable of demonstrating higher, yet conservative, predictions of the load-carrying capacity. Nevertheless, the proposed strategy clearly provides the engineering community a framework for using successively improved structural analysis methods for enhanced assessment in a straightforward manner.     

Reliability analysis for highway bridge deck assessment

An assessment procedure based on structural system reliability principles, has been developed for highway bridges with concrete or composite decks. It concentrates on the ultimate flexural limit state of slabs and takes account of the fact that the failure of the structure is dependent on the combination of the applied loads, their variability, both spatial and in amplitude, and on the variability of geometric and material properties. Recognising that each of a number of topologically distinct collapse mechanisms may contribute to the overall probability of system failure, an optimisation technique is used in conjunction with structural reliability analysis in order to establish for each mechanism the critical geometry and the associated probability of occurrence.The procedure can be implemented in the assessment of existing bridge structures, where the use of plastic analysis may reveal strength reserves not utilised in design and, hence, alleviate the need for strengthening. By modelling the bridge as a virtual series system and analysing a finite number of collapse mechanisms, bounds on system failure probability in flexure can be estimated. An example of its intended use is presented for a solid slab concrete bridge deck.     

双头锚在上海新国际博览中心(一期)工程中的应用

解决钢筋混凝土无梁楼盖柱顶冲切问题的常用方法有 :增加板厚、提高混凝土强度、加大柱的截面 (设置柱帽 )、配置箍筋或弯起钢筋。这些方法或增加成本 ,或增加施工难度 ,具有一定的缺陷。在此 ,介绍了上海新国际博览中心工程采用双头锚提高楼盖 (板 )抗冲切能力的方法。该方法成本低 ,施工可操作性强     

响应面法在结构可靠度分析中的应用研究

响应面法可以应用于大型复杂结构隐式极限状态方程的可靠性分析,然而至今可靠度响应面法的计算精度仍是未完全得以解决的问题.本文分析了响应面法计算结构可靠度的实质,指出了已有可靠度响应面法研究中存在的认识误区,并揭示了可靠度响应面法计算误差的真正原因.在此基础上,提出了改进响应面法用以解决传统响应面法收敛失败和计算误差大的问...     

Collapse test and moment capacity of the Ruytenschildt reinforced concrete slab bridge

A large number of existing reinforced concrete solid slab bridges in the Netherlands are found to be insufficient for shear upon assessment. However, research has shown additional sources of capacity in slab bridges, increasing their total capacity and possibly changing their failure mode. Previous testing was limited to half-scale slab specimens cast in the laboratory. To study the full structural behaviour of slab bridges, testing to failure of a bridge is necessary. Research on load testing is carried out in order to develop load testing guidelines. In August 2014, a bridge was tested in two spans. The bridge was load tested, and additional cycles until yielding occurred in the reinforcement were added to the experiment. Though calculations with current design provisions showed that the bridge could fail in shear, the field test showed failure in flexure before shear. The unity check for flexure was determined. The experiment shows that the methods for rating of existing reinforced concrete slab bridges are conservative.     

连续双向板支座负弯矩钢筋的断点

讨论了钢筋砼连续双向板当棋盘式布置活荷载时的破坏构及其与负弯矩钢筋断点的关系．通过塑性理论分析（屈服线法）给出负弯矩钢筋断点的解析式子．     

既有钢筋混凝土框架原位推覆试验研究

为研究既有结构地震损伤和破坏的特点,利用上世纪80年代初建造的一栋3层钢筋混凝土框架结构,进行了原位推覆试验。试验以原结构切割出的一单跨单开间框架为对象,其余部分作为反力装置。鉴于外砖墙的不对称性,水平加载力分布模式由按楼层倒三角分布的地震加速度乘以对应各加载点分配质量确定。根据结构的试验破坏过程,分析了结构的破坏机理,对其抗震性能作出评价。研究结果表明:墙体不对称布置引起结构严重扭转;梁、柱铰机制均未出现;结构的破坏是以底层柱剪切破坏为特征的脆性破坏。建议对既有老建筑结构抗震评估时,必须考虑梁、柱剪切破坏模式,并考虑楼板及墙体刚度的参与作用。     

Spatial time-dependent reliability analysis of reinforced concrete slab bridges subject to realistic traffic loading

Resistance and loads are often correlated in time and space. The paper assesses the influence of these correlations on structural reliability/probability of failure for a typical two-lane reinforced concrete (RC) slab bridge under realistic traffic loading. Spatial variables for structural resistance are cover and concrete compressive strength, which in turn affect the strength and chloride-induced corrosion of RC elements. Random variables include pit depth and model error. Correlation of weights between trucks in adjacent lanes and inter-vehicle gaps are also included and are calibrated against weigh-in-motion data. Reliability analysis of deteriorating bridges needs to incorporate uncertainties associated with parameters governing the deterioration process and loading. One of the major unanswered questions in the work carried out to date is the influence of spatial variability of load and resistance on failure probability. Spatial variability research carried out to date has been mainly focused on predicting the remaining lifetime of a corroding structure and spatial variability of material, dimensional and environmental properties. A major shortcoming in the work carried out to date is the lack of an allowance for the spatial variability of applied traffic loads. In this article, a two-dimensional (2D) random field is developed where load effects and time-dependent structural resistance are calculated for each segment in the field. The 2D spatial time-dependent reliability analysis of an RC slab bridge found that a spatially correlated resistance results in only a small increase in probability of failure. Despite the fact that load effect at points along the length of a bridge is strongly correlated, the combined influence of correlation in load and resistance on probability of failure is small.