随机波束成型多用户分集系统反馈量化研究

移动通信系统中，下行的随机波束成型多用户分集利用了用户信道彼此独立随机衰落的特性，通过合理调度用户，系统可获得较好的系统短时吞吐率及用户公平度性能，是一种简单高效的多天线多用户分集系统方案。这种技术需要各个用户向基站反馈量化的信道质量信息，本文提出了一种简便易行的最优量化反馈门限的求解方法，并定量分析了反馈量化对于这种多用户分集系统性能的影响。文中分析表明，系统按照用户数、信噪比等系统参数取得最优反馈门限，可以在反馈量与系统吞吐率之间取得良好的折中关系。反馈门限对系统参数敏感程度的研究表明，在实际系统设计时，系统有必要根据运行时系统参数的变化情况调整所用的反馈量化门限。     

Rician信道下基于信道均值信息的自适应反馈方案

在多天线多用户下行系统中,当信道为莱斯(Rician)衰落时,基于瑞利(Rayleigh)信道假设设计出的有限反馈方法将会导致系统反馈开销的浪费。该文提出了一种适用于Rician信道的自适应反馈方案。该方案根据各用户信道的均值信息计算出相应的信道方向分布函数,然后利用其函数设计判决门限来调整各用户的量化反馈码本,使各用户量化码本中的码字矢量更加集中在用户信道矢量方向周围。另外,该方案可以自适应于不同的信道分布,在保证一定的量化误差下,根据信道均值的大小自适应调节各用户的反馈比特数,显著减少了用户的反馈量。仿真结果表明,与基于Rayleigh信道假设的有限反馈方案相比,该文提出的自适应反馈方案在不降低系统的吞吐率性能的前提下显著降低了用户的反馈开销。     

基于码本的有限反馈非酉矩阵预编码多用户MIMO系统

该文提出了一种基于码本的有限反馈非酉矩阵预编码下行多用户MIMO系统。该方案根据用户反馈的信道信息SINR在发送端进行调度和预编码来提高系统容量。预编码的码本设计依据格拉斯曼空间装箱原理,并将码本中的向量按其相关性构成非酉矩阵来提高预编码增益和抑制多用户共道干扰。新方案反馈量少、复杂度低,在相同情况下比传统的单用户MIMO系统和基于码本的酉矩阵预编码多用户MIMO系统都具有更好的性能。     

一种低反馈开销多用户MIMO-OFDM系统功率最小化方案

该文利用凸规划理论中的库恩-塔克条件,为基于TCM编码的多用户MIMO-OFDM系统中实时业务资源优化问题提出了一种低反馈开销的功率最小化方案。该方案首先设计速率、功率和等效信道量化门限的码本,然后根据当前的信道状态信息分配子载波并对等效信道增益量化,最后基站给用户广播资源分配结果。仿真结果表明:相比其它方案,该文提出的方案有效降低系统能耗并且具有反馈开销低的特点。     

中继网络中减少反馈的多用户调度算法

针对多用户中继网络中上行反馈负荷过大的问题,本文提出了一种减少信道状态信息反馈的半分布式调度算法（RRFD）。基于反馈中断概率及总用户数,基站与中继分别设置信道状态反馈门限。每一调度周期内,通过与门限的比较,用户决定是否反馈相应链路信息,基站根据用户反馈情况决定系统采用何种传输模式。文中还对AF协议下采用该算法时的反馈用户数及平均可达速率等性能指标进行了理论推导。仿真结果表明,系统性能与数学推导相一致,与此同时,本文提出的算法可极大程度（90%以上）的减少系统反馈量,并显著降低了系统反馈中断概率,减小了容量损失。      

利用公共信道部分反馈信道信息的多用户分集方案及其性能

通过定量分析利用随机波束成型技术的多用户分集系统的吞吐率性能,在此基础上提出利用公共信道部分反馈信道信息的多用户分集方案并分析了它的性能,证明通过设置合理的门限,部分反馈信道度量几乎不降低系统吞吐率,但可以大量节省上行反馈的开销,当采用合适的多址方式,在一定带宽下,系统可以容纳更多的用户。     

基于信道反馈的MIMO-OFDM系统多用户分集研究

利用包含信道质量的反馈信息,多用户分集能显著提高无线通信系统的性能。然而,在多载波多天线(MIMO-OFDM)的架构下, 反馈所有用户的所有信道质量信息(CQI)将占据大量的无线资源,从而降低了频谱效率,因此各种有限信道反馈算法被提出来减少系统的反馈开销。该文主要研究了基于两种典型的有限信道反馈的多用户分集增益,并与理想反馈进行了对比。系统平均频谱效率数学表达式的推导考虑了可选调制方式有限的特性,更符合实际。仿真用于评估各种反馈算法下的多用户分集性能,其结果与理论分析相当匹配。并且只要恰当地选取反馈参数,有限信道反馈算法可以在不损失多用户分集增益的前提下,极大的降低反馈开销,这为设计实际系统的信道反馈提供了参考。     

基于部分信道信息的自适应资源分配

在保证一定吞吐量前提下,为了降低传输功率,文中提出了一种基于部分信道反馈信息的多用户OFDM系统子载波分配方案。该方案利用少量已反馈子载波的状态信息来线性推导未反馈子载波的信道增益。仿真结果表明,在平坦瑞利信道衰落中,相比传统方式该方案在不增加反馈开销的前提下该方案能够大幅度地改善系统的性能,提高资源利用率。     

多用户MIMO-OFDM系统低速率CSI反馈方法及信道容量分析

该文针对闭环多用户MIMO-OFDM系统提出一种基于线性预测的低速率CSI (Channel State Information)反馈方法。根据相关带宽将OFDM子载波划分成多个子带,移动台对每个子带的CSI作线性预测,并对预测误差进行量化编码后反馈给基站;基站使用相同的线性预测滤波器将反馈来的预测误差恢复成CSI,然后在每个子带上通过迫零-波束赋形实现多用户空间复用。同时,该文还在采用注水定理分配发射功率的条件下,从理论上分析了下行链路信道容量。数值仿真结果显示,每个反馈数据的实部或虚部仅用1bit量化时,本方法仍能够以较高的精度恢复CSI。与目前3GPP LTE标准所采用的基于码书的反馈方案相比,该方法能够在反馈开销相同情况下,有效地抑制同信道干扰,大幅提高系统容量。     

存在估计误差的有限反馈MIMO性能分析

考虑的是利用有限反馈技术的下行多用户多天线系统。接收端通过信道估计获得信道状态信息,采用随机矢量量化信道信息并反馈码子的序号,发送端利用部分信道信息,采用波束成型的预编码技术实现多用户数据传输。考虑接收端信道估计存在误差,并对由此带来的系统性能影响进行分析,给出吞吐率损失的上界,以及使有限反馈系统保持固定空分复用增益,信道估计误差方差的限制条件和反馈比特数随发送功率的变化关系。     

Feedback threshold with guaranteed QoS in multiuser OFDM systems

A threshold setting scheme is proposed based on the resource management and limited feedback theory in multiuser orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. In adaptive resource allocation, the factors denoting the quality of service (QoS) and fairness are both considered as the user weight. From the aspect of feedback outage probability, the proposed algorithm sets the threshold for each user related to its weight, which brings enough feedback to the user with greater weight. Analysis and simulation results show that, compared with the threshold ignoring weights, the proposed scheme has much lower feedback load while with better QoS.     

A Probabilistic Channel Quantization Scheme Based on Max-SNR Resource Allocation in Multiuser OFDM Systems

This letter discusses channel quantization problem in multiuser orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems based on maximum subchannel signal-to-noise ratio (Max-SNR) resource allocation (RA). It is assumed that subcarriers are assigned to users according to Max-SNR RA. Then, a probabilistic quantization scheme is derived to obtain the higher rate-sum capacity via equal power approximation for water-filling. Simulation results show the proposed scheme achieves a great performance gain compared to equal distance quantization in both high-SNR and low-SNR cases. However, if 5% capacity loss is allowed, two additional feedback bits are required for the low-SNR instance due to the larger approximation error.     

A low-complexity space-time OFDM multiuser system

Exploiting the Fourier basis structure both in the space and the time domains, we develop a low-complexity multiuser space-time coding scheme, multiuser (MU) angle-frequency coding scheme (MU-AFCS), to properly schedule the data streams of each user with respect to its corresponding angle-frequency channel structure for downlink wireless systems. With the proposed approach, a large amount of space resource left over by one user, in clustered multipath wireless channels, can be easily identified and used by the others without serious signal collision in the space domain. In doing so, low channel capacity resulting from poor channel structures in systems, allowing only single-user transmission at a time, can be greatly boosted. The key advantage of this approach is that only limited feedback of channel state information to the transmitter is required while multiuser macro-diversity is sufficiently exploited. In addition, the complexity of the proposed approach is much lower than that of the existing ones serving similar purposes. Through theoretical analyses and computer simulations, we demonstrate that the MU-AFCS can significantly increase the channel capacity as compared to the traditional orthogonal resource division MU multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems.     

一种新的多用户分集系统信道量化与反馈算法

该文为了解决MIMO-OFDM系统中反馈信息占据大量无线资源的问题,提出一种新颖的信道量化与反馈算法,包括成簇、量化、反馈3个步骤。成簇利用频域相关性,将相邻子载波组成簇,以簇为基本反馈单元。量化考虑实际系统中可选调制方式的有限性,以量化信息表明簇内子载波可采用的调制方式。反馈通过簇排序和门限设置,只将部分具有竞争力的簇信息传送给基站。这种算法具有反馈信息量少、频谱效率损失小等特性,文中均有详细的理论推导,并通过仿真进行了验证。     

A Low Complexity Resource Allocation Method for OFDMA System Based on Channel Gain

In orthogonal frequency division with multiple access (OFDMA) systems dynamic radio resource allocation improves overall performance by exploiting the multiuser diversity gains. A key issue in OFDMA is the allocation of the OFDM subcarriers and power among users sharing the channel. This paper proposes a new rate adaptive resource allocation scheme in the OFDMA downlink transmission system. Our proposed algorithm is based on the users’ sensitivity to the subcarrier allocation which means how frequency selective is the channel from the user’s perspective. As a result of frequency selectivity of the channel, different subchannels of the same user experience different levels of fade. However, how different they undergo fading could be measured by difference between maximum and minimum channel gain of that user. Our proposed method is based on difference between maximum channel gain and minimum channel gain for each user and uniform distribution of power among subcarriers. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves higher capacity over fixed TDMA method, and reported suboptimal methods with acceptable rate proportionality.     

Transmit power adaptation for multiuser OFDM systems

In this paper, we develop a transmit power adaptation method that maximizes the total data rate of multiuser orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems in a downlink transmission. We generally formulate the data rate maximization problem by allowing that a subcarrier could be shared by multiple users. The transmit power adaptation scheme is derived by solving the maximization problem via two steps: subcarrier assignment for users and power allocation for subcarriers. We have found that the data rate of a multiuser OFDM system is maximized when each subcarrier is assigned to only one user with the best channel gain for that subcarrier and the transmit power is distributed over the subcarriers by the water-filling policy. In order to reduce the computational complexity in calculating water-filling level in the proposed transmit power adaptation method, we also propose a simple method where users with the best channel gain for each subcarrier are selected and then the transmit power is equally distributed among the subcarriers. Results show that the total data rate for the proposed transmit power adaptation methods significantly increases with the number of users owing to the multiuser diversity effects and is greater than that for the conventional frequency-division multiple access (FDMA)-like transmit power adaptation schemes. Furthermore, we have found that the total data rate of the multiuser OFDM system with the proposed transmit power adaptation methods becomes even higher than the capacity of the AWGN channel when the number of users is large enough.     

Rate adaptive resource allocation for OFDM downlink transmission

In this paper, we present a multiuser rate adaptive resource allocation for OFDM downlink transmission. This new algorithm assign one bit at a time to user that has the minimum total power in the subcarrier that requires the least additional power. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves a higher capacity than previous existing algorithms and distributed the overall capacity more fairly among users.     

Robust Non-linear Precoder for Multiuser MISO Systems Based on Delay and Channel Quantization

In multiuser multiple-input single-output (MISO) systems, non-linear precoder is able to achieve the theoretical sum capacity of downlink channel with perfect channel state information (CSI). However, the perfect CSI is not available at the transmitter in practical system, especially in frequency division duplex (FDD) system where the imperfect CSI is the delayed, quantized channel direction information relayed back from the receiver through a dedicated feedback channel. So the performance of conventional non-linear precoder degrades significantly. In this paper, a robust non-linear Tomlinson–Harashima precoding (THP) based on sum mean squared error (SMSE) minimization for the downlink of multiuser MISO FDD systems is proposed. The proposed precoder is robust to the channel uncertainties arising from channel delay and quantization error. Furthermore, an improved non-linear THP with channel magnitude information (CMI) consideration is introduced to compensate the instantaneous CMI shortage at the transmitter. Additionally, the computational complexity of both proposed precoders can be reduced remarkably by Cholesky factorization with symmetric permutation. Simulation results demonstrate the improvement in bit error ratio performance and illustrate the SMSE performance of the proposed algorithms compared with conventional THP with perfect CSI in the literature.     

A transmit preprocessing technique for multiuser MIMO systems using a decomposition approach

We introduce a transmit preprocessing technique for the downlink of multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. It decomposes the multiuser MIMO downlink channel into multiple parallel independent single-user MIMO downlink channels. Some key properties are that each equivalent single-user MIMO channel has the same properties as a conventional single-user MIMO channel, and that increasing the number of transmit antennas of the multiuser system by one increases the number of spatial channels to each user by one. Simulation results are also provided and these results demonstrate the potential of our technique in terms of performance and capacity.     

Joint signal precoding in the downlink of spread-spectrum systems

The downlink capacity tends to be the limiting factor in future communications systems. We propose two schemes for the downlink of code-division multiple-access systems that help reduce the multiuser interference by jointly precoding the transmitted signal based on knowledge of the downlink channel. Methods that operate on blocks of bits are first developed and a bitwise simplification of these for systems with large processing gains are derived. The use of multiple transmit antennas are also considered. These methods provide a substantial capacity increase without requiring complex multiuser detectors at the mobile terminals, and can be applied for instance to time-division duplex systems, which have reciprocal channels.