固体吸附制冷技术的研究进展

介绍了国内外固体吸附制冷技术的最新研究进展，主要包括地吸附工质对的研究，对循环方式的研究和对发生器的研究，重点介绍了高效回热循环的工作方式和吸附床传热过程的强化方法，最后对吸附制冷的研究现状做了总结，指出研究的难点和解决的方向，并分析了工程应用前景。     

基于图像处理技术的循环流化床流体动特性的研究

综述了国内外循环流化床流体动力特性可视化研究的概况，对该领域研究的现状和结果进行了分析和总结。上海交通大学在流化床燃烧气固两相流可视化研究方面做了大量细致的工作，取得初步成果，文中对此做了评述。对于如何摄得清晰且可信度高的图像，如何通过二次开发对图像进行有效处理，获得定量信息，并进而建立可资应用的理论模型，是可视化研究的主攻关键和独到之处。     

多孔介质中往复流动下超绝热燃烧技术的进展与前景

多孔介质中往复流动下的超绝热燃烧被认为是目前最先进的燃烧技术之一，对其原理、发展背景和关键技术做了简介，并分别从基础研究和应用研究两方面，对该技术迄今的研究进展进行了综述。最后，指出了以往研究的不足，并对该领域今后应当着重开展的研究工作进行了探讨。     

总辐射表性能的测试研究

根据WMO和ISO关于总辐射表的性能指标，对我国气象观测台站使用的总辐射表（型号为DFY4和TBQ－2）进行了全面的性能测试，主要研究了灵敏度和长期稳定性，以及非线性，温度特性，余弦响应，方位响应，倾斜响应，时间响应，零位漂移等对灵敏度的影响，通过大量的实验数据和分析研究，得出了总辐射表测量误差的主要来源，这对于控制仪器质量，提高太阳总辐射测量的准确度以及对太阳辐射的研究是非常有益的。     

供热规划区热储模型研究

地热尾水回灌作为一种处理手段和维持热储压力的一种方法，已在很多地热田有过实践，它对于开采第三系以上的热储层，控制地面沉降和环境保护有着重要的意义。本文针对低焓热储地热田研究了回灌的影响、回灌率、热储渗透率的分布，针对对井回灌开采供热系统做了理论分析，研究了回灌对维持热储压力的水平范围和冷峰面的作用，对井的合理井间距等，将对井模拟研究应用于天津地热田。     

以色列巧用太阳能

能源贫乏的以色列非常重视对太阳能的研究和应用。近年来，以色列大力研究和开发工业用太阳能，并取得了可喜成果。     

乙醇柴油的应用研究进展

乙醇在柴油机上应用可以有效降低汽车尾气中有害物质的含量，国内外一些机构对乙醇柴油进行的大量试验研究工作中助溶剂和排放是研究的两个焦点，在对乙醇柴油的助溶剂和排放进行研究的同时还对乙醇柴油理化性质及应用情况进行分析，提出今后的研究重点和发展方向。由于乙醇在柴油中的加入致使燃料闪点大幅度降低，安全性变差，需要在推广应用中加强宣传及规范管理。     

出口形式对防浪级阻力性能影响的研究

燃气轮机进气系统的结构和气动性能是燃气轮机装舰技术研究的重要组成部分。针对这方面的要求，进行了燃气轮机进气防浪级的设计及数值模拟计算，为设计制造高性能的船用燃气轮机进气系统提供可靠的依据。对进气防浪级作的数值计算和实验研究，其结果是相当令人满意的，研究方法对燃气轮机进气系统的研究有一定的参考价值和指导意义。     

燃烧器喷射角度对W型火焰锅炉炉内空气动力场的影响

对引进的360MW的W型火焰锅炉进行冷态模型研究，用热线风速仪测试炉内流场，研究了燃烧器喷射角度对炉内空气动力场的影响规律，研究表明，随着燃烧器喷射角度的减小，一，二次风对炉膛前后墙（即水冷壁）的冲作用显减小，同时，高温烟气对喉口和炉拱的冲刷速度和角度也有所减小，这样可有效防止水冷壁的高温腐蚀，减轻水冷壁，炉拱和喉口处的结渣程度，但烟气向下的行程有缩短的趋势，这对煤粉的完全燃烧不利。     

微型/便携式发电系统原动机-微型/小型内燃机的研究

随着便携式电子产品和微机电系统(MEMS)的迅速发展，对电源能量密度的要求不断提高。为了满足这种需求，近年来，科学家们已经开始研究利用微型／小型内燃机作为微型／便携式发电系统原动机。本文对目前国内外该领域的研究进行了归纳和总结，结合本研究小组的研究工作，对存在的问题和需要解决的关键技术进行了评述，并介绍了未来较有应用前景的微型／便携式发电系统原动机。     

机车称重调簧算法的研究及应用

在合理假设的基础上,建立了机车称重的几何参数模型。在测定轮重的基础上,根据一、二系悬挂刚度和车体、转向架的扭曲刚度,应用MATLAB优化算法,系统计算出各悬挂点的垫片调整量。该方法结合机车称重结果,用现代的计算机技术和检测技术实现了智能化并且精确地解决了机车称重及调簧问题。     

纤维素和木质素含量对稻草、锯末热解及燃烧特性的影响

利用热重分析仪分析了生物质中纤维素和木质素含量对稻草、锯末热解及燃烧特性的影响。在热解过程中,生物质中纤维素含量较高的锯末,与纤维素含量较低的稻草相比,燃料失重要大。在燃烧过程中,通过实际生物质与纤维素和木质素混合物的对比,发现稻草和锯末的燃烧分为挥发分的脱除和焦的燃烧两个阶段,且燃烧特性与焦的形貌密切相关。     

低压透平与电机驱动方案的比较分析

通过低压透平驱动方案和电机驱动方案的比较,并结合热与分析手段,对工艺方案进行科学评价,最后选择低压透平驱动动设备,达到合理利用蒸汽、优化装置的能源利用。     

Flow dynamical behaviors and characteristics of aligned and staggered viscous pumps

The flow dynamical behaviors and characteristics of the aligned and staggered viscous pumps are numerically investigated by two-dimensional laminar model. The flow fluxes and driving powers of the pumps are calculated and compared in dimensionless quantities by considering the effects of pump type, Reynolds number, rotor eccentricity, and rotor spacing. The increase of Reynolds number can reduce the dimensionless flow flux and increase the dimensionless driving power, while the rotor eccentricity can enlarge the dimensionless flow flux and driving power. The rotor spacing can also play an important role in the dynamical performance of the aligned and staggered pumps. As rotor spacing rises, the flow stream lines between the two cylinders can bend more smoothly, so the flow flux grows with the driving power dropping, and these phenomena mostly exist in the pump with small rotor spacing. On the other hand, the vortex between the two cylinders probably develops as rotor spacing rising, then the flow flux is reduced with the driving power increasing, and these phenomena mainly exist in the pump with large rotor spacing. According to the simulation results and mechanism analyses, the staggered pump with optimal rotor spacing has the best dynamical performance with the highest flow rate and low driving power.     

Photovoltaic electrolysis: Hydrogen and electricity from water and light

Two photovoltaic couples, consisting of n on p and p on n gallium arsenide, respectively, have been converted into a water splitting device. Light is allowed to fall on the p part of one couple, which is in contact with air, and on the n side platinum is plated, which contacts the solution. On the other couple, the n side is in contact with air, while on the p side ruthenium dioxide is plated, which is in contact with the solution. Such a device gives a performance (8% conversion efficiency of solar light to hydrogen) better than that of known photoelectrolysis devices operating without battery assistance. Comparison with a coupled photovoltaic-distant water electrolyzer shows, under certain circumstances, some advantages for the present device.     

Fuel consumption and emission comparison of conventional and hydrogen feed vehicles

Current environmental concerns on nitrogen oxides (NO_x) and particulate matter (PM) emissions caused by diesel engines have led researchers to be interested in investigating vehicles with alternative power sources. Because of this reason, vehicle models with SI engine were adopted in the conducted study. Firstly, as an initial step, 1-D SI engine models were created with use of AVL Boost software. A four-cylinder engine model was created for conventional vehicle model, while a two-cylinder downsized engine was adopted as a subsystem of hybrid vehicle model. The models were based on experimental data obtained from a laboratory test setup with a single-cylinder engine. Subsequently, detailed engine maps on emissions and fuel consumption were generated with the developed ANN model. The fuel consumption and emission data, which were gathered from NEDC and WLTC simulations, were compared for conventional ICE, PEM FC and PEM FC + ICE powered vehicles with the help of the vehicle model which was developed by using Matlab Simulink software. Based on the results, it was concluded that there might be sufficient improvement in fuel consumption and significant improvement in emissions with the use of PEM FC that a hybrid driving system (PEM FC + ICE) can be utilized, and that emissions can be at 0 with the sole use of PEM FC.     

Skewed-normal production-profile model and reverse-projection technique for resource and supply predictions

This paper discusses a unique approach to the mathematical modelling of the extraction life-cycle of any depleting fossil-fuel resource and is applied to crude-oil and natural-gas production. The skewed-normal production-profile (i.e. production rate versus time) model, (i) yields a better representation than can be achieved with earlier approaches, and (ii) is appropriate for use with production data that rise quickly with time to a peak and then slowly decline, but is unsatisfactory for use when the profile exhibits more than one peak. In many circumstances the profile is less systematatic in shape, often as a result of temporary political, economic or on-stream factors. Under such circumstances, it is suggested that the skewed-normal production-profile (SNPP) model be used in conjunction with the reverse-projection (RP) technique. The application of the model, without and with a reverse projection through the data, is demonstrated briefly using UK crude-oil and natural-gas production rates.     

Liftoff and extinction characteristics of fuel- and air-stream-diluted methane-air flames

Partial premixing of fuel and oxidizer is of common occurrence in fires. However, most previous studies dealing with flame extinction have focused on nonpremixed flames. In this experimental-numerical study, we examine the effectiveness of fuel-stream versus air-stream dilution for extinguishing laminar methane-air partially premixed (PPFs) and nonpremixed flames (NPF) using the chemically inert fire suppressant CO₂. Experimental measurements were made in lifted methane-air coflow flames, while both counterflow and coflow flames were simulated using a time-accurate implicit algorithm that incorporates detailed chemistry and includes radiation effects. Both measurements and simulations show that with fuel-stream dilution, PPFs stabilize at a higher liftoff height and blow out at a lower CO₂ dilution than NPFs. In contrast, with air-stream dilution, NPFs move to a higher liftoff height and blow out at a lower CO₂ dilution than PPFs. Despite different configurations, there is remarkable similarity in the extinction characteristics of coflow and counterflow flames with regard to the level of partial premixing and air- and fuel-stream dilution. The critical fuel-stream CO₂ mole fraction required for the extinction of both counterflow and coflow flames increases as ? is increased, i.e., as the level of partial premixing is reduced. Conversely, the critical air-stream CO₂ mole fraction decreases as ? is increased. Results also indicate a crossover value of ?≈2.0, corresponding to the stoichiometric mixture fraction of fs=0.5, such that flames (including NPFs) with fs<0.5 are more difficult to extinguish with fuel-stream dilution, since oxygen is the deficient reactant, whereas flames with fs>0.5 are more difficult to extinguish with air-stream dilution, since fuel is the deficient reactant for these flames.     

The roles of science and technology in energy and environment research and development

Countries are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of science and technology in relation to national development and the necessity of formulating a concise science and technology policy. The need to strengthen and orient the scientific and technological infrastructure in line with national development goals, through more effective use of an available qualified work force and the higher education system, is becoming widely recognized. Consequently, appropriate methods of assessing the impact of science and technology on national development are needed so that efforts are concentrated on areas potentially having substantial impacts. Numerous planning studies have been undertaken to this end, particularly by international organizations such as UNESCO, UNIDO, OECD and IEA. This study examines the inter‐relationships of the disciplines of science and technology with energy and environment research and development (R&D) activities, particularly for developing countries. The connections between these topics are discussed along with some basic methods that can be used to exploit the relations. Some illustrative examples are presented. It is anticipated that the present study will serve as a preliminary step for more comprehensive work by providing an example of the utilization of formal methods in formulating science and technology policy for energy and environment R&D. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.