Geotextiles in coastal engineering—25 years experience

During the use of geotextiles in coastal engineering for over 25 years many construction methods have been improved or have been made more economical. Sometimes completely new solutions for coastal engineering problems can be recommended. This paper gives information about the long-term behaviour of geotextiles in coastal engineering and the minimum requirements for their application. Some case studies show the necessity of careful geotextile selection, considering the special requirements of the application, the harsh coastal engineering environment and the rough building practice found in all fields of hydraulic engineering.     

Protection of the Mediterranean Marine Environment

The specific problems of the Mediterranean, leading to progressive deterioration of the marine environment as a result of an interplay of climatic, oceanographic and socio-economic factors requiring cooperative in addition to individual intervention, are briefly described, and areas of concern are identified. Events leading to the adoption of the Mediterranean Action Plan in 1975 by governments of the region, to control the situation, are outlined.
The main components of the Action Plan (legal, environmental assessment and environmental management) and institutional and financial framework, together with its gradual evolution from a mainly marine pollution orientated programme into a comprehensive environmental one for the whole of the Mediterranean basin, are described.
The Plan's achievements in (i) the progressive reduction of marine pollution at source, (ii) the establishment and enhancement of national pollution monitoring programmes, (iii) the formulation and adoption of common environmental quality criteria and standards, (iv) the creation of alternative scenarios for Mediterranean development, and (v) orientation towards integrated coastal zone planning and management programmes, are discussed, together with technical and political problems in implementation.
The role of the Mediterranean Action Plan as a potential model for other regions is appraised.     

海岸工程中的关键岩土工程问题

本文从海岸工程的施工要点出发,结合其实际特点与施工需求,较为深入地探讨了地基处理环节的技术要点,联系客观实际,指明了现阶段海岸工程面临的环境问题及其相互作用。     

Impact in Scotland of UK and EC Sewage Legislation

The EC Directive (91/271/EEC) concerning urban waste water treatment has far-reaching financial and technological implications for local authorities in Scotland which are responsible for sewerage. Increased capital consent limits and additional financial assistance from central government are essential if the requirements of the legislation are to be met.
Although the Directive is welcomed in general terms, the sections of the legislation dealing with the identification of sensitive waters and the provision of primary treatment for coastal discharges to less sensitive waters are of limited environmental significance in Scotland.
The elimination of sewage sludge disposal at sea will create severe difficulties for Scottish authorities as a high percentage of sewage sludge is currently disposed of at sea. Each of the main alternative disposal options presents environmental, financial and technical problems and, in the case of incineration, the certainty of widespread unpopularity with the public.     

EC and UK Legislation on Environmental Assessment and its Effect on the UK Water Industry

The development of the practice and purpose of environmental assessment (EA) both in the UK and overseas is reviewed, and the implementation of European Commission EA legislation into the UK planning system is examined, together with its relevance to the water industry. The effects and obligations on the industry are discussed with reference to practice prior to and since the introduction of EA legislation. The process of EA is illustrated by reference to the River Avon Sluices Scheme being undertaken by NRA (Severn Trent), and the environmental statements being prepared in accordance with SI 1217. Likely future developments in EA are suggested.     

Developments in Urban Pollution Management

The paper presents background information about the development of the original edition of the Urban Pollution Management Manual (1994) and gives reasons why the manual was updated relatively soon after initial publication (1998). The latter part of the paper examines three specific issues where the changes between the two editions have proved to be contentious in terms of implementation of the 'asset management plan 3'programme by the UK water industry, namely: (i) the choice of environmental criteria for protecting river aquatic life; (ii) meeting the requirements for controlling aesthetic pollution; and (iii) the role of simplified modelling in urban pollution management studies. The paper concludes that any increased cost implications for the implementation of the programme are as a result of changes in Environment Agency policy, rather than due to technical changes in procedures.     

石狮市城市中心区优化提升策略研究 *

“海西”战略的实施为众多东南沿海的城镇提供了历史性的发展机遇和挑战。本文以石狮市为例,讨论了新的发展条件下,城市空间结构与产业发展中存在的问题和解决途径。通过石狮市中心区东片区的规划实践,探讨以中心区功能提升为途径的“海西”中小城市城镇化的发展思路和规划策略。     

基于数据分析的电网工程环境风险预测方法研究

电网工程跨越距离远、影响范围大,沿线各种生态环境因素给工程设计和施工带来一定影响。如果对这些影响因素考虑不足,则容易带来设计变更、施工难度和风险增大等问题,影响工程实施。本文结合电网工程环保要求,利用环境、生态、工程等数据进行影响分析,明确生态环境风险评价指标,研究多因素影响下的环境风险预测方法,形成电网工程环境风险预测评价体系,评估电网工程的环境风险大小,为工程规划设计提供参考依据。     

浅谈推行工程量清单计价模式的环境要求

针对如何营造良好的工程量清单计价环境展开探讨，从政府职能、规章制度、企业定额、工程造价咨询业、工程造价信息服务系统等方面具体阐述了推行工程量清单计价模式的环境要求，以期促进工程量清单计价模式的推广应用。     

The Stability Evaluation and Prospects about Environment Engineering Geologicalin Coastal Zone

The problems of environmental engineering geological in coastal zone mainly include earthquakes, collapse and landslide, etc. We selected eight major evaluation indexes from the influence factors of problems of environmental engineering geological in coastal zone, that is active fault, seismic activity and hydrological conditions, etc. Through the index of quantitative grading, constructing fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model,evaluation of environmental engineering geological stability in coastal zone, supplying a scientific method and gist for the more reasonable and effective development and utilization of coastal zone.     

沿海某软土地层超大型深基坑支护工程设计与实践

根据沿海某软土地层大型基坑工程的水文地质资料、基坑开挖深度、周边环境条件以及造价经济要求等,对基坑工程的支护结构进行了设计,在基坑支护设计中除了考虑基坑支护本身的安全外,还考虑工程桩的选型及施工对基坑支护的影响,为类似基坑工程的设计提供借鉴。     

九江至池州城际铁路跨鄱阳湖线路方案研究

根据九江至池州城际铁路技术要求,结合城市规划,考虑工程实施难度、工程投资、通航条件及环境保护等各种因素,经过技术经济比较,选出了最合理的线路方案。     

Project geotechnical engineering: systems methodology considerations

Systems methodology considerations for project geotechnical engineering are discussed. Emphasis is on general systems and related geotechnical principles, issues and limitations. After an introduction, the paper outlines geotechnical programme management as a framework for defining, organizing and controlling the geotechnical engineering process. Then, following the logical order of elements in project geotechnical engineering, the paper discusses programme development, followed by site characterization and analysis, and design and implementation. The paper concludes with a discussion on additional general methodologies: uncertainty, updating, values, innovation and impediments. The objective is to provide a broad conceptual framework which can be used as needed to help guide realistic integration and implementation of the diverse and often convoluted efforts of project geotechnical engineering.     

香港西铁CC213项目质量管理

通过对投资规模大、质量要求高的香港西铁项目的质量管理体系及实施进行研究,探讨其质量管理的先进性和有效性.项目由质量保证部按照ISO9000贯标精神,结合项目自身特点制定了一套系统、完善的质量管理体系,包括质量手册、质量计划、质量程序及质量检查和测试计划,涵盖了与质量有关的各个方面.在实施过程中,由施工部负责现场质量控制,按检测程序对每道工序严格检查,并填写质量检查表格,主管工程师签字确认,通过后方可进入下道工序.通过完善的质量管理不仪获得了高质量的工程项目,而且形成了一套完整可追溯的竣工文件.     

智能建造专业建设体系与教学方案设计

随着传统建造领域与现代信息技术的逐渐融合,智能建造这一概念应运而生。目前智能建造专业建设已成为相关高校的重要发展方向。但智能建造专业建设还处于初始阶段,其办学理念、课程体系、人才培养等尚未在业界达成共识,专业教学方案亟待研究。根据土木工程相关专业30位教师的问卷调查结果,分析智能建造专业面临的五大挑战,结合新工科专业建设提出的新要求,从课程体系、师资力量、教学方法、教学平台和管理制度等角度提出智能建造专业教学方案新模式,构建智能建造专业建设“P-S-R(要求-挑战-响应)”框架体系,明确智能建造专业的建设路径,以及各个时期的发展重点,以期为各类高校智能建造专业建设提供参考和借鉴。     

环境监理在龙岗气田的实践与探索

文章简要介绍了龙岗气田试采工程特点、环境保护要求及过程管理的难度,以及开展环境监理工作的必要性和重要性。重点总结了龙岗气田工程环境监理工作开展过程中,在前期准备、人员组织、资源配置、目标实现、现场实施、成果体现等方面所做的探索与实践,对今后大型油气地面工程建设开展环境监理工作具有一定的借鉴意义和参考作用。     

玻璃窑炉烟气综合治理的工艺选择与方案设计

近两年,因国家环保要求的提高,玻璃窑炉也进入了脱硝快车道,现部分玻璃生产企业已陆续安装了SCR脱硝装置。根据玻璃窑炉脱硝工程经验及对各种工艺的了解,对比各种工艺,为后期项目实施提出参考。     

USE OF UKCIP02 CLIMATE-CHANGE SCENARIOS IN FLOOD AND COASTAL DEFENCE

Understanding the uncertainties and risks from climate change is necessary for managing and adapting to those risks. Climate-change scenarios provide a starting point for assessing climate-change vulnerability, impact and adaptation. In April 2002, the UK Climate Impacts Programme released new future climate scenarios and was based on modelling at the Hadley Centre, which included temperature, soil moisture, rainfall, runoff, sea-level rise and wind speed. These data provide a consistent source of information for use in UK climate-change impact studies.
This paper (a) summarises some of the results from this programme, (b) explores their implications, and (c) recommends how these results could be applied in UK flood and coastal defence. The opinions of about twenty selected individuals, who were involved in flood and coastal defence, were collated to assess current practice in the use of climate-change information, requirements of climate-change scenarios, and comparison of the content of UKCIP02 with those requirements.     

Comparative study of the physico-chemical parameters of the coastal waters in rivers Matla and Saptamukhi: Impacts of coastal water coastal pollution

A qualitative and quantitative research has been performed on the physico-chemical parameters of the neighboring coastal waters of the rivers Matla and Saptamukhi in the Sunderban district, West Bengal. The distribution pattern of eight physico-chemical parameters, namely pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, suspended solids, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations (inorganic and total) has been graphed and compared for the two rivers over a time period of ten years (??90s decade). A statistical analysis has been carried out and the correlation data between these parameters has been rationalized based on both natural and man-made activities during that time. This has pointed to various causes behind coastal pollution of river waters. The changes in water quality have been related to flood impacts, storm surge, eutrophication, domestic sewage, agricultural and industrial wastes. In order to avoid coastal degradation and maintain environmental balance, it is very important to understand the impact of these parameters on coastal zones.