新吡啶偶氮类试剂的合成及其与金属离子显色反应的研究

合成了5-硝基-2-吡啶重氮盐,它与间苯二酚和间二乙氨基苯酚偶联,得新的吡啶偶氮试剂2-(5-硝基-2-吡啶偶氮)间苯二酚(5-NO_2-PAR)和2-(5-硝基-2-吡啶偶氮)-5-二乙氨基苯酚(5-NO_2-PADAP)。在弱酸或弱碱性介质中,这两种试剂与 Fe(Ⅲ)、Co(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)、Cu(Ⅱ)及 Pt(Ⅱ)、Pd(Ⅱ)、Rh(Ⅲ)和 Ru(Ⅲ)等金属离子反应,生成稳定的有色配合物。5-NO_2-PADAP 与 Ni(Ⅱ)配合物的摩尔吸光系数高达1.69×10~5L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1)。两种新试剂可用作无机离子高效液相色谱分离用的优良柱前衍生试剂。     

2—（5—硝基—2—吡啶偶氮）—5—二甲氨基苯甲酸与钯（Ⅱ）显色反应的研究

研究了2-(5-硝基-2-吡啶偶氮)-5-二甲氨基苯甲酸(5-NO_2-PAMB)与 Pd(Ⅲ)的配位反应.在 pH5.5的乙酸-乙酸钠介质中,5-NO_2-PAMB 与 Pd(Ⅱ)的配合物的吸收峰位于670nm,摩尔吸光系数为9.04×10~4L/mol·cm.方法用于钯催化剂和阳极泥样品中钯的测定,结果满意。     

在CPC存在下用5-Br-TADAP胶束增溶分光光度法测定铜

在CPC等表面活性剂存在下,铜(Ⅱ)与新显色剂2-(5-溴-2-噻唑偶氮)-5-二乙氨基苯酚(5-Br-TADAP)在pH5—7时形成紫色电中性的胶束增溶络合物。络合物中Cu(Ⅱ)与5-Br TADAP的组成比为1:1,其表观稳定常数为2.7×10~5(20℃,μ=0.1)。该络合物的λmax为580nm,ε580为4.02×10~4L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1)。与光度测定铜的一些同类噻唑偶氮试剂相比,其灵敏度较高。加入氟化铵等可以消除Fe~(3+)、Al~(3+)等离子的干扰,从而提高了本法的选择性。在25毫升体积中,铜量在0—40微克范围内遵从比耳定律。将本法用于低铜矿和水系沉积物中小量或痕量铜的测定,取得了令人满意的结果。     

在SLS等表面活性剂存在下,用新显色剂5-Br-TADAP胶束增溶分光光度法测定钴

在SLS等表面活性剂存在下,钴(Ⅱ)与新显色剂2-(5-溴-2-噻唑偶氮)-5-二乙氨基苯酚(5-Br-TADAP)在pH6—9时形成紫红色电中性的胶束增溶络合物。钴在络合物中以钴(Ⅱ)形式存在,Co(Ⅱ):5-Br-TADAP=1∶2,其表观稳定常数为3.5×10~(11)(20℃,μ=0.1)。据此确定了Co(Ⅱ)-5-Br-TADAP络合物的结构。该络合物的λ_(max)为590nm,ε_(590)为8.24×10~4L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1)。Co(Ⅱ)-5-Br-TADAP络合物一旦形成后,加入的EDTA不再能将其分解,但能分解许多其他金属离子与试剂形成的络合物。在25毫升体积中,钴量在0—20微克范围内遵守比耳定律。本法简便、快速、准确可靠,将其用于低合金钢中小量或痕量钴的测定,取得了满意的结果。     

2-(5-Br-2-吡啶偶氮)-5-二甲氨基苯酚吸光光度法测定微量锌的研究

研究了显色剂2-(5-Br-2-吡啶偶氮)-5-二甲氨基苯酚(5-Br-DMPAP)吸光光度法测定Zn(Ⅱ)的新方法。在pH值为9.0时,Zn(Ⅱ)与5-Br-DMPAP和非离子表面活性剂乙二醇辛基苯醚(OP)发生高灵敏的显色反应,生成稳定的紫红色配合物。该配合物在556nm处有一最大吸收波长,Zn(Ⅱ)含量在(0～25)μg/25mL范围内符合比耳定律,表观摩尔吸光系数为ε=7.74×104L.mol-1.cm-1,检出限为0.2μg/25mL。方法用于奶粉中微量锌的测定,结果满意。     

2-（2′喹啉偶氮）-4，5-二甲氧基苯酚光度法测定钢铁中的镍

合成了新显色剂2-(2’-喹啉偶氮)-4,5-二甲氧基苯酚,研究了其与镍(Ⅱ)的显色反应,在pH=5.0的HAc-NaAc缓冲介质中,在CTMAB存在下,新试剂与镍(Ⅱ)应生成2∶1稳定的配合物,配合物的最大吸收波长为560 nm,摩尔吸收系数9.63×104L/(mol.cm)。镍(Ⅱ)含量在0~10μg/25 mL内符合比尔定律。     

新有机试剂BTASPAP与镍(Ⅱ)的水相显色反应

本文详细研究了新有机试剂2-(2-苯并噻唑偶氮)-5-磺丙氨基苯酚(BTASPAP)与镍(Ⅱ)的水相显色反应.Ni(Ⅱ)与BTASPAP在pH3.5～6.5范围内形成稳定的、易溶于水的、带负电荷的1:2红色配合物,其表观稳定常数为1.99×10~9(20℃,μ0.1),吸收光谱的λ_(max)为550nm,对比度高达105nm,表观摩尔吸光系数ε_(550)为3.40×10~4L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1)。建议了配合物的结构。在0-36μgNi(Ⅱ)/25ml范围内遵从比耳定律。加入硫脲作掩蔽剂和用NH_3-NH_4CI预分离干扰元素可提高方法的选择性。本法简便、快速、准确可靠,已成功地用于合金钢中痕量镍的测定。     

铜-镍合金镀液中铜(Ⅱ)和镍(Ⅱ)的测定

在pH=8.0的氨-氯化铵缓冲溶液和组成为OP乳化剂、正丁醇、正庚烷和水的微乳液中,以2-(5-溴-2吡啶偶氮)-5-二乙氨基酚为显色剂,通过测定铜(Ⅱ)、镍(Ⅱ)配合物共存体系的吸光度A,及加入乙二胺掩蔽铜(Ⅱ)后镍(Ⅱ)配合物的吸光度A1,得到铜(Ⅱ)配合物的吸光度A2=A-A1,从而求出铜(Ⅱ)、镍(Ⅱ)含量,用于Cu-Ni合金镀液中铜(Ⅱ)、镍(Ⅱ)的测定,效果良好.     

新显色剂5-Br-TADAP萃取分光光度法测定铁

研究了铁(Ⅱ)与新显色剂2(5溴2噻唑偶氮)-5二乙氨基苯酚(5-BrTADAP)的显色反应.它们在pH 7-10的溶液中形成难溶于水的1∶2棕色络合物,其表观稳定常数为3.94×10~(10)(20℃).用氯仿萃取的Fe(Ⅱ)5 Br TADAP络合物在572nm和772nm有两个吸收峰,其表观摩尔吸光系数分别为3.94×10~4L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1)和3.10×10~4L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1),灵敏度是1.10二氮杂菲法的34倍.其他金属离子与该试剂形成的络合物在近红外区的772mm附近均无吸收,因此在772mm处分光光度测定痕量铁有很高的选择性.在10毫升体积中,铁量在0-25微克范围内遵从比耳定律.本法简便、快速、准确可靠,将其用于黄铜和高硅铝合金中铁的测定,取得了令人满意的结果.     

微乳液2-(5-溴-吡啶偶氮)5-二乙氨基酚分光光度法测定奶样中钴

以 Triton X-1 0 0 -正戊醇 -正壬烷微乳液为介质 ,对 Co( ) -2 -(5 -溴 -吡啶偶氮 ) 5 -二乙氨基酚显色条件进行了研究。结果表明该体系的 λmax=5 94nmε594 =1 .0 5×1 0 5l· mol· cm- 1,Co( )测定的线性范围为 0～ 1 2 .5 mg/2 5 ml,回收率在 96～ 1 0 3%之间。该法选择性好 ,用于奶样中微量钴的测定 ,得到了满意的结果     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

三种煤样燃烧热的测定

本文通过三个厂家提供的三种煤样燃烧热的测定,由测定结果综合得出3号煤样燃烧最完全、燃烧热也最大,是三个煤样中最好的一种。     

Semi-empirical equation of state of metals. Equation of state of aluminum

A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO₂) of density 0.08 g/cm³. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008.     

水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。     

我国聚碳酸酯工业发展概况

介绍我国聚碳酸酯生产能力和消费需求,对聚碳酸酯在信息工业中的应用作了简短介绍     

Calorimetric and Computational Study of Enthalpy of Formation of Diperoxide of Cyclohexanone

A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out.     

小议汽车涂装工艺设计对涂装成本的影响

论述了涂装工艺设计对涂装设备投资、涂装生产成本的影响。     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitosan on the kinetics of ultrasonic degradation of chitosan

The objective of the study was to explore the effect of the degree of deacetylation (DD) of the chitosan used on the degradation rate and rate constant during ultrasonic degradation. Chitin was extracted from red shrimp process waste. Four different DD chitosans were prepared from chitin by alkali deacetylation. Those chitosans were degraded by ultrasonic radiation to different molecular weights. Changes of the molecular weight were determined by light scattering, and data of molecular weight changes were used to calculate the degradation rate and rate constant. The results were as follows: The molecular weight of chitosans decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. The curves of the molecular weight versus the ultrasonication time were broken at 1‐h treatment. The degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. This may be because the chances of being attacked by the cavitation energy increased with an increasing molecular weight species and may be because smaller molecular weight species have shorter relaxation times and, thus, can alleviate the sonication stress easier. However, the degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis increased with an increasing DD of the chitosan used. This may be because the flexibilitier molecules of higher DD chitosans are more susceptible to the shear force of elongation flow generated by the cavitation field or due to the bond energy difference of acetamido and β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage or hydrogen bonds. Breakage of the β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage will result in lower molecular weight and an increasing reaction rate and rate constant. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3526–3531, 2003     

Measurement of the gradient of viscosity with composition of mixtures of non-ideal gases

A perturbation viscometer is a differential capillary viscometer that measures the logarithmic viscosity gradient of the viscosity-composition curve for gas mixtures. Measurements are made at different gas mixture compositions. Integration of the logarithmic viscosity gradients measured over the full composition range gives the mixture viscosity relative to the viscosity of one of the pure components of the gas mixture. This method is attractive because, for measurements of equal precision, integration of the gradients is potentially an order of magnitude more precise than measurement of the viscosities directly. It can also work at high and low temperatures and perhaps high pressures.The perturbation viscometer has been used to make measurements on ideal gas mixtures at ambient and elevated temperatures. The situation is more complicated when the gas mixtures are non-ideal. Extra effects due to density differences, molar volume change on mixing and differential thermal expansion may be measured in addition to the desired viscosity change producing systematic errors in the results. Thus, a more sophisticated apparatus is required. The standard perturbation viscometer has been modified to separate out the extra effects to permit measurement of the true change in viscosity. In addition, the theoretical operation of the modified apparatus has been revised to account for the design changes to permit calculation of the viscosity-composition profiles from the results.The apparatus has been tested using helium-HFC-125 mixtures and two new viscosity-composition profiles are presented for these mixtures at 23 and . Internal consistency tests have been used to confirm that the data produced are of high quality with an estimated uncertainty in the viscosity ratio data at of 0.9% and at of 1.5%.