基于新型光电材料PLZT的光电机结构设计和应用研究

光电机是一种基于功能材料锆钛酸铅镧（PLZT）的新型电机。PLZT在光照时具有光电效应和压电效应等多种特性，合称光致伸缩效应．应用PLZT的光电特性，在光照产生高压的基础上分析光电机的驱动原理，得出驱动力表达式，并依据其驱动原理设计光电机的主体结构，提出了直线型和圆周运动型光电机的设计方法，阐述了不同结构的光电机的运行状态，得出了转矩计算的表达式。在引入周期和分组概念的基础上，提出光电机结构设计的改进措施，并做了可行性分析。     

PMN-PT透明光电陶瓷材料的特性及制备技术

以传统的光电材料铌酸锂晶体和透明光电陶瓷材料PLZT(镧改性的锆钛酸铅固熔体)作为比较,介绍了铌镁酸铅(PMN)-钛酸铅(PT)(简称PMN-PT)光电透明陶瓷的结构和性能优势,主要介绍了PMN-PT各种粉末的制备方法、烧结工艺方法及其各自的特点,同时对影响陶瓷透明的因素和基于该材料的器件和应用进行了简要介绍.     

光源调制型单管动态光电显微镜

本文介绍了作者研制的一种体积小、重量轻、结构简单而精度又较高的新型单管动态光电显微镜。该新型光电显微镜采用了半导体激光器调制光照明和相关检测等低噪声测量技术处理信号,瞄准精度提高了近一倍,并采用了PIN—FET混合集成光电接收器作光电转换器件,大大减小了仪器体积。     

PMN—PT透明光电陶瓷材料的特性及制备技术

以传统的光电材料铌酸锂晶体和透明光电陶瓷材料PLZT（镧改性的锆钛酸铅固熔体）作为比较，介绍了铌镁酸铅（PMN）-钛酸铅（PT）（简称PMN-PT）光电透明陶瓷的结构和性能优势，主要介绍了PMN-PT各种粉末的制备方法、烧结工艺方法及其各自的特点，同时对影响陶瓷透明的因素和基于该材料的器件和应用进行了简要介绍。     

福建物构所快速响应的光电探测晶体材料研究取得进展

正近年来无机有机杂化材料表现优异的光电性能,其中的二维层状有机-无机杂化钙钛矿材料由于其量子肼结构特性和组份可调型性在光电探测领域引起了研究者的极大重视;然而,较慢的响应速度(一般在毫秒数量级)制约了其在光电子器件方面的发展。因此,探索开发超快响应的光电探测晶体材料迫在眉睫。中科院福建物构所结构化学国家重点实验室"无机光电功能晶体材料"罗军华研究员团队成功制备出一例基于2D层状无机-有机杂化钙钛矿的超快响应光电探测器件。该器件展现出超快的响应速度(1.52μs),比同类型的光电探测器     

功能化石墨烯光电探测器研究进展

石墨烯是一种具有零带隙能带结构、常温下极高的电子迁移率、极低的电阻率以及高透光性的新型碳材料。基于石墨烯优异的光学特性、电学特性和光电性能使其成为下一代高频、超快、宽光谱光电器件的优良材料。目前已有许多基于石墨烯的光电探测器研究,简要介绍了石墨烯的性质、结构和光电探测器的基本原理,重点讨论了功能化石墨烯在光电探测器领域的应用和研究现状,并指出了存在的不足,展望了未来的发展方向。     

用于超短激光脉冲检测的新型光电薄膜的量子产额

超短激光脉冲的研究已经成为基础科学与应用科学研究的重要内容，对用于检测这种信号的光电发射功能薄膜的研究也受到人们极大重视。Ａｇ－Ｂａ－Ｏ薄膜是一种可以经历暴露大气，用于超短激光脉冲检测的新型光电发射材料，光电薄膜在超短激光脉冲作用下的量子产测量与普通可见光作用下量子产额的测量有很大不同。光激光波长为１．０６μｍ，激光的功率密度为１０＾７－１０＾８Ｗ／ｃｍ＾２，选单光脉冲宽度为４０ｐｓ时，经历暴露大     

匠心致敬时代 光电改变生活

<正>光电材料是将物质与信息、物质与能源等进行深度结合的重要媒介,近几十年来,相关的研究和应用蓬勃发展,已经成为了电子信息材料领域、新能源材料领域的重要组成部分。光电材料包括有机、无机以及有机无机复合光电材料等,目前广泛应用于传统和新型太阳能电池、光电探测器、激光器以及发光和显示等领城。光电材料的技术水平和发展规模,是国家科技创新和竞争力的重要标志之一,将为光电产业的变革性发展提供驱动力。基于新型的光电材料,还能够进一步孕育出新的交叉学科、新的应用技术和新的产业体系,在第四次工业革命甚至更远的未来,将会起到至关重要的作用。     

AlInN光电薄膜的研究进展

AlInN三元合金是优良的Ⅲ-Ⅴ族氮化物半导体材料,具有优良的光学和电学性能,在光电子器件应用方面具有广阔的应用前景.详细评述了近年来AlInN薄膜材料在生长技术、晶体结构、表面形貌、热学特性、光电特性等方面的研究,为AlInN三元合金在光电方面的基础和应用研究提供了重要参考.     

徐徐展开新型钙钛矿光电材料的神秘画卷

<正>在国家双碳目标的引领下,新型钙钛矿材料在众多领域受到广泛关注。国家部委针对钙钛矿太阳能电池产业陆续出台了多个相关政策,为新型钙钛矿材料与光电器件的发展提供了有力支撑^[1-2]。新型钙钛矿材料(如卤化物钙钛矿材料)具有光吸收系数大、带隙可调、光生电子能力强、载流子扩散距离长、双p/n型、高光致发光量子产率、发光半峰全宽窄等特点,也兼具铁电性、离子迁移可控和维度可调等显著优势^[3-4],在光-电转换、电-光转换、     

PMSM馈能系统硬件在环仿真研究

为对电动汽车动力电机馈能效率进行研究,方便馈能效率的测量,提出一种基于滑模控制算法的PMSM(permanent magnet synchronous motor)馈能研究方法,即通过控制电动机的输入电压与电流来驱动相同性能的电动机发电。首先以馈能理论为基础,建立包含滑模变结构控制、空间矢量、PMSM等模块的PMSM馈能系统仿真模型,并进行离线仿真分析。结果表明:采用所提出的馈能方法可达到70%左右的馈能效率,具有一定的可行性。同时,建立PMSM馈能系统dSPACE硬件在环试验平台,对其进行硬件在环试验验证。试验结果表明:电动机馈能效率在60%~80%的范围内,与离线仿真所得结果较为接近。这不仅验证了所建立的馈能仿真模型的正确性,且进一步证明了纯电动汽车动力电机自身馈能在节能方面的可行性。所提出的馈能方法能够为目前现有馈能方式提供更多选择,硬件在环试验研究也能够为后续的PMSM台架和实车试验研究提供一些技术支持。     

山地物探电动钻机模块化设计及安全性分析

以燃油发动机驱动的山地物探钻机在钻井时噪声大,尾气排放严重,钻井效率低,拆装、搬运不便。为解决上述问题,以电能驱动代替燃油机驱动,提出了山地物探电动钻机模块化设计方案。基于模糊综合评价法,开展了电动钻机驱动电机和传动方式的定量评价,确定其驱动电机为永磁同步电机,传动方式为链轮链条传动,同时通过对比优选出电动钻机的减速器、支撑部件和导向部件分别为涡轮蜗杆减速器、π形底盘和单桅杆。在此基础上,采用有限单元分析方法进行了电动钻机的安全性分析,结果表明：钻机的最大应力出现在π形底盘连接桅杆的直角处,其值小于钻机材料的许用应力,钻机的结构安全,且电机电路安全可靠。钻井实验结果表明：自主设计的山地物探电动钻机较现有山地物探钻机质量减小了57%,钻井作业时噪声低,无尾气排放,可提供的最大提升力和扭矩分别超过设计标准的71%与6.25%,表明其整体性能符合要求。研究结果为绿色高效的油气勘探装备的研发提供了参考。     

国内外用户侧光储系统发展应用研究

随着分布式光伏越来越多地接入电网,光储系统作为提高系统稳定性、减少用户用电成本的有效手段,已成为新能源应用的重要发展方向。首先研究了欧美、日本等发达国家用户侧光储系统应用现状,并在此基础上总结了国外用户侧光储系统发展的重要条件和技术路线。然后,介绍了国内商业用户、工业用户和居民用户光储项目,分析了国内用户侧光储系统发展所面临的难题和困境。最后,根据国外应用经验,结合国内电动汽车充电桩迅速发展的现状,提出了发展建议,对国内用户侧光储项目的健康发展具有一定的借鉴意义。     

光伏驱动型蒸发冷却空调在新农村建设中的应用前景及面临问题

介绍了太阳能资源的储量及光伏发电形式,并对光伏发电系统及其在新农村中的应用进行分析。同时对蒸发冷却空调从分类、适用区域方面进行了介绍,结合农村建筑特点对蒸发冷却空调在农村中的应用进行分析。然后对光伏驱动型蒸发冷却空调,光伏发电系统组成进行了介绍,提出了适用于农村建筑中的几种光伏驱动蒸发冷却空调模式;对于二者结合的优势分析,从长远考虑光伏发电具有节能减排意义,蒸发冷却空调具有温降效果好、健康、经济优势。文章最后指出二者发展中存在的问题,为光伏驱动型蒸发冷却空调的研究与应用提供参考。     

Linear and nonlinear optical properties of RF sputtered (Pb,La)(Zr,Ti)O<Subscript>3</Subscript> ferroelectric thin films

Linear and nonlinear optical properties of (Pb,La)(Zr,Ti)O₃ (PLZT) ferroelectric thin films were presented in this paper. The PLZT ferroelectric thin films have been in situ grown on quartz substrates by radio-frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering at 650 °C. Their crystalline structure and surface morphologies were examined by X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy, respectively. It can be found that the PLZT thin films exhibit well-crystallized perovskite structure and good surface morphology. The fundamental optical constants (the band gap energy, linear refractive index, and linear absorption coefficient) were obtained through the optical transmittance measurements. A Z-scan technique was used to investigate the optical nonlinearity of the PLZT thin films on quartz substrates. The films display the strong third-order nonlinear optical effect. A large and negative nonlinear refractive index n ₂ is determined to be 1.21 × 10⁻⁶ esu for the PLZT thin films. All results show that the PLZT ferroelectric thin films have potential applications in optical limiting, switching, and modulated-type optical devices.     

Integrated optical motor

A light-driven micrometer-sized mechanical motor is created by laser-light-induced two-photon photopolymerization. All necessary components of the engine are built upon a glass surface by an identical procedure and include the following: a rigid mechanical framework, a rotor freely rotating on an axis, and an integrated optical waveguide carrying the actuating light to the rotor. The resulting product is a most practical stand-alone system. The light introduced into the integrated optical waveguide input of the motor provides the driving force: neither optical tweezers or even a microscope are needed for the function. The power and efficiency of the motor are evaluated. The independent unit is expected to become an important component of more complex integrated lab-on-a-chip devices.     

基于氧化钨和氧化镍的电致变色器件研究进展

电致变色器件(Electrochromic Devices, ECDs)是一种颜色变化受电压调控的智能装置,具有工作温度范围宽、光学对比度高、可逆双稳态性能好、驱动电压低和能耗低等优点,在智能动态调光窗、全彩色电子显示屏、防眩光护目镜、自适应双隐身伪装以及可视化储能等领域展现出了巨大的应用潜力。阴极着色材料氧化钨(WO₃)和阳极着色材料氧化镍(Ni O)是两种被广泛研究的无机电致变色材料,由WO₃和NiO薄膜组成的互补型电致变色器件在大规模智能窗的应用中具有极高的商业价值。改善电致变色器件的综合性能如光学调制范围、响应速度、循环寿命和耐候性等问题一直备受关注。本文围绕互补型电致变色器件的结构组成,综述了基于WO₃和NiO的电致变色全器件的近期研究进展。首先分别阐述了WO₃和NiO薄膜的电致变色机理和衰退机制,讨论了改进制备工艺、元素掺杂改性、设计纳米结构和引入复合材料这四种薄膜性能优化策略的作用和最新研究进展,其次,按照器件的组成成分和结构设计介绍了互补型电致变色全器件的分类体系,总结了各组分材料的...     

Thermal lensing investigation on bulk ceramics and thin-film PLZT using visible and far-infrared laser beams

The real-time thermo-optical properties of thin-film relaxor ferroelectric (9/65/35) lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) films (∼2 μm) were investigated and compared to identical composition of thick PLZT ceramics (∼1 mm). Since PLZT absorbs strongly in the far-infrared, a CO₂ laser beam (λ = 10.6 μm) was used to create a Gaussian temperature distribution at the surface of the material, emulating a lens. Subsequently, a low power visible He-Ne laser, travelling along the same path as the CO₂ laser, probed the optical properties of the induced PLZT thermal lens. It was found that identical composition thin-film and thick PLZT ceramics have opposite thermal lensing behaviors. An explanation of this phenomenon is provided from basic physical concepts.     

On modeling of phase transformations in ferroelectric materials

Summary This paper represents an effort to model phase transformations in ferroelectric materials induced by the combined influence of electric fields and thermo-mechanical loading. The implications of thermodynamics principles for the stability of phases exhibited by a ferroelectric material and for the corresponding phase transformations are studied. Some of the theoretical predictions concerned with the dependence of the ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transformation temperature on the applied electric fields and stresses are in qualitative agreement with experimental observation. A ferroelectric material is capable of exhibiting more than one phase for given stresses, applied electric fields and temperature, a transformation among these phases can occur only if it does not result in an increase of the Gibbs energy of the system. In studying polarization reversal, it is found that the difference of the Gibbs energy between the electric twins, i.e. the two ferroelectric phases which share the same polar axis, coincides formally with thedriving traction introduced by Abeyaratne and Knowles [6] in modeling phase transformations induced by thermomechanical loading. An expression for the generalized driving traction, acting on a surface of discontinuity within a continuum in the presence of electromagnetic fields, is presented in this paper.     

Self-healing of mechanical damage of polyethylene/microcapsules electrical insulation composite material

Polyethylene (PE) cable has become an important carrier of the modern power grid due to its excellent electrical insulation performance. However, small damages can inevitably occur during the preparation and operation of the materials, which can distort electric field and trigger discharge, seriously threatening power supply safety. The self-healing of insulation materials by doping microcapsules is a new research innovation. In this paper, the self-healing PE/microcapsules insulation composite material was prepared, and the self-healing behavior of mechanical damage was emphatically analyzed by scratch damage test and crack propagation simulation. The results show that the composite material with 1 wt% microcapsule has better insulation strength. Moreover, the composite material can fill the defective structures, restore local electrical properties, and reverse the deterioration process of the material. The properties of PE/microcapsules composite material are mainly related to the characteristics of the microcapsule itself and the interface introduced by the microcapsules. The properties of the repaired product can directly affect the recovery degree of the damaged area. The stress action during damage can smoothly trigger its self-healing behavior. In conclusion, the PE composite material doped with 1 wt% microcapsules can achieve a good self-healing effect on mechanical damage.