Finite-element analysis of single-frequency silica-based Er3+-Yb3+ co-doped waveguide lasers

Continuous wave laser operations of silica-based Er³⁺-Yb³⁺ co-doped waveguides have been numerically analyzed by means of a finite-element method. The theoretical model, based on propagation-rate equations, describes uniform upconversion by a dipole-dipole interaction between Er³⁺ ions, and includes a pair-induced energy transfer process from Yb ³⁺-Er³⁺ Numerical results show that single-frequency operation with slope efficiency higher than 50% and threshold pump powers of few mW can be achieved in short and heavily doped waveguides equipped with input dielectric mirrors and output distributed Bragg reflectors     

Optimum design of Er3+-Yb3+ codoped fibersfor large-signal high-pump-power applications

A comprehensive numerical fiber amplifier model has been used to optimize Er³⁺-Yb³⁺ codoped active fiber for maximum gain and quantum conversion efficiency (QCE) at large signal operation. The optimum cutoff wavelength of the LP₁₁ mode has been found to increase from 800 mm at low pump powers (≈50 mW) to 1400 mn at pump powers higher than 500 mW. While at low pump powers fibers with higher numerical aperture give higher QCE, at high pump levels better large signal performance is achieved with fibers having lower numerical aperture     

Optical thermometry through infrared excited upconversionfluorescence emission in Er3+- and Er3+-Yb3+-doped chalcogenide glasses

Optical thermometry based upon infrared excited upconversion fluorescence emission in Er³⁺- and Er³⁺-Yb³⁺ - doped Ga₂S₃-La₂O₃ chalcogenide glasses excited at 1.54 and 1.06 μm, respectively, is presented. Temperature sensing in the region of 20°C-220°C with 0.3°C accuracy using excitation powers readily obtainable from commercially available semiconductor lasers was achieved. The temperature sensing approach is independent of fluctuations in excitation intensity and transmission and requires a simple and low-cost signal detection and processing system. The results also indicate that the glassy host material plays a major role in the performance of the sensing system     

Anomalous dispersion in Er3+ and Yb3+-dopedfibers

In experimental and theoretical study of anomalous dispersion in Er³⁺and Er³⁺-Yb³⁺-doped fibers has been developed. Anomalous time delay caused by both absorption and emission at 1.535 μm has been theoretically calculated and experimentally measured. A pump power dependence of anomalous time delay in rare-earth-doped fibers has been theoretically calculated and experimentally investigated. It has been shown that pump power fluctuations lead to propagation time jitter in Er³⁺-doped fiber amplifiers. The pulse interaction due to refractive index change caused by gain saturation is predicted. It has been shown that for Er ³⁺-doped fibers with SiO₂-GeO₂ core composition, the anomalous dispersion per 1-dB gain is twice that of fibers with SiO₂-Al₂O₃ core, which is caused by gain curve form difference. A scheme of mutual compensation of intrinsic fiber dispersion and anomalous dispersion caused by Er³⁺ in the region 1.532-1.537 μm has been suggested     

Diode-array pumping of Er3+/Yb3+ Co-dopedfiber lasers and amplifiers

Single-mode double-clad Er³⁺/Yb³⁺ co-doped fibers are shown to be suitable for diode array pumping at around 960 nm. A fiber laser with 96-W output power at 1.53 μm and a power amplifier exhibiting a small signal gain of 24 dB and a saturated output power of +17 dBm are reported     

掺饵氟化物玻璃光谱和上转换发光的研究

研究了掺铒氟锆酸盐玻璃的光谱和可见光区的发光性质，及其与玻璃中氯含量的关系。结果表明玻璃中阴离子组成对发光性质具有更大的影响。用８００ｎｍ钛宝石激光作光泵源，测定了块状玻璃和光纤的上转换发光。在所有样品中都观察到由跃迁产生的．中心波长在５５０ｎｍ附近很强的发光。研究了影响上转换发光的诸因素。     

Er3+:YAlO3 upconversion laser

Upconversion lasing in Er:YAlO₃ is reported. Laser emission was produced using both sequential two-step pumping and cross-relaxation energy transfer. In addition, photon avalanche upconversion pumping was demonstrated. Selection among these pumping mechanisms is determined by the pump wavelength, and laser operation was obtained with excitation between 785 nm and 840 nm. The highest laser output power was achieved at 34°K, where 918 mW of pump power at 807 nm produced 121 mW of TEM₀₀ emission. The optical conversion efficiency was 13%. Repetitively Q-switched operation is reported, and the temporal- and temperature-dependence of the laser output is discussed     

Laser action from Ho3+, Er3+, and Tm3+in YAlO3

Laser action has been observed for the following rare-earth ions in YAlO3:Ho³⁺(sensitized with Er³⁺and Tm³⁺), Er³⁺, and Tm³⁺(sensitized with Er³⁺) at wavelengths of 2.123, 0.851, and 1.861 μm, respectively. Measurements of spectroscopic properties, fluorescence kinetics, and laser performance of these ions in YAlO3are reported.     

YP_5O_(14):Er~(3+),Tm~(3+)晶体的合成

研究了水热法合成晶体,浓度配比、生长温度对晶体生长习性的影响.合成了一系列化学计量比的Y_(1-x-0.3)Er_(0.3)Tm_xP_5O_(14)(x=0.01～0.1)晶体,观察和分析了晶体的缺陷及成因,测定和讨论了晶体结构.     

磷酸盐玻璃中稀土离子Ce~(3 )、Tb~(3 )、Er~(3 )和Tm~(3 )的能量转移和敏化过程的研究

本文报道了磷酸盐玻璃中Tb~(3 )和Ce~(3 )的浓度猝灭效应。在KrF激光(248毫微米,10毫微秒)激发下,测出磷酸盐玻璃中不同浓度Ce~(3 )或Tb~(3 )离子的荧光寿命。着重讨论了磷酸盐玻璃中Ce~(3 )→Tb~(3 )、Er~(3 )和Tm~(3 )的能量转移和敏化过程。     

Infrared cross-section measurements for crystals doped withEr3+, Tm3+, and Ho3+

The absorption and emission cross sections of the transition between the ground spin-orbit multiplet and the lowest excited multiplet were measured for Er³⁺, Tm³⁺, and Ho³⁺ ions in a variety of crystalline hosts. The materials that were investigated include LiYF₄, BaY₂F₈, Y ₃Al₅O₁₂, LaF₃, KCaF₃ , YAlO₃, and La₂Be₂O₅. The absolute magnitudes of the emission cross sections were determined from the absorption spectra, with the aid of the principle of reciprocity. The calculated radiative emission lifetimes derived from these measured cross sections agree well with the measured emission decay times for most materials. The potential use of these rare-earth-doped materials in pulsed laser applications requires that the ground state exhibit adequate splitting to minimize the detrimental effects of the ground state thermal population, and also that the emission cross section be sufficiently large to permit efficient extraction energy. The systems based on Ho³⁺ in the eightfold coordinated sites of LiYF₄, BaY₂F₈, and Y₃Al₅O₁₂ appear to be the most promising     

Photon avalanche upconversion in Er3+:YAlO3

The results of an investigation of photon avalanche upconversion pumping in Er³⁺:TiAlO₃ are reported. Five pump wavelengths corresponding to transitions from the metastable ⁴I_13/2 state to the ²H_11/2 state generated upconversion laser emission at 549.8 nm. The dependence of the laser output power on pump power near laser threshold is discussed in terms of a four-level kinetics model and is shown to reflect the threshold power requirement for photon avalanche. The maximum output power at 7 K was 33 mW, giving an optical conversion efficiency of 3.5% and a conversion efficiency of 28% based on absorbed power. Pumping Er:YALO by cross relaxation energy transfer produced 166 mW of laser output with an optical conversion efficiency of 17%     

双包层Er3+/Yb3+共掺光纤放大器动态特性研究

基于速率方程的离散算法,实现了对双包层Er3+/Yb3+光纤放大器动态特性的分析.研究了不同信号和泵浦功率下单信道的瞬态功率、脉冲序列输出功率与增益随时间的变化以及多信道异步转移模式下输出功率和增益随时间的变化.结果表明对于单个脉冲,在相同的泵浦功率下,输出脉冲的峰值功率取决于输入脉冲的峰值功率;在不同的泵浦功率下,输出脉冲的峰值功率取决于泵浦功率.对于脉冲序列,在达到稳定的输出前,将经历一个输出功率和增益由高到低的变化过程.对于异步转移模式的多信道脉冲,脉冲重叠时的功率和增益变化要快于非重叠时功率和增益的变化.     

Fluorescence dynamics of Er3+ and Ho3+ ionsand energy transfer in some fluoride glasses

A detailed study at room temperature of the fluorescence dynamics of Er³⁺ and Ho³⁺ ions and energy transfer processes Er³⁺→Ho³⁺ in the ABLA, BATY, and BIZYT fluoride glasses is reported. Numerous concentrations and different selective laser excitations in the visible and infrared spectral ranges are used. The best concentrations and the more suitable glasses for laser applications at 2 μm are determined     

Er3+/Yb3+共掺氟氧微晶玻璃的光谱性质及Judd-Ofelt理论分析

制备了新的Er3+/Yb3+共掺氟氧硅酸盐微晶玻璃,测试了荧光光谱、吸收光谱。研究了氟氧化物微晶玻璃中Er3+离子的上转换发光特性,采用Judd-Ofelt理论对样品光谱进行了分析,拟合得到了强度参数,Ω2=4.4756,Ω4=1.0059,Ω6=1.2098。计算了样品的辐射寿命、跃迁几率、荧光分支比等光谱参数。结果表明,样品通过热处理形成了氟化物微晶,降低了声子能量,提高了上转换效率。绿光、红光上转换荧光强度比玻璃样品增强约2到3倍。Judd-Ofelt理论分析表明Er3+/Yb3+共掺氟氧微晶玻璃具有较高的上转换效率,是制作微型激光器和三维立体显示的优良材料之一。     

Efficient operation of array-pumped Er3+ doped silicafibre laser at 1.5 μm

Presents the results for diode-array pumped Er³⁺ doped silica fibres, which lase near 1550 nm. A maximum output power of 8 mW is obtained with a 13% overall efficiency against the launched pump power     

Fabrication and characterization of Yb3+:Er3+phosphosilicate fibers for lasers

Fabrication process of efficient Yb³⁺,Er³⁺ codoped phosphosilicate fibers by modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) combined with the solution doping technique is studied in detail. We show that the process can be adapted to incorporate low viscosity phosphate glass and some important issues in the fabrication process are discussed. These include the sensitive presintering pass. We also report on the fabrication of a low loss all-glass double clad Yb³⁺:Er³⁺ codoped fiber. We explain how we evaluate the fibers and discuss the effect of the ytterbium to erbium concentration ratio on the laser characteristics. Finally, we present results of some investigations into the mechanisms which can affect the efficiency of the lasers, and show that the detrimental up-conversion from the metastable level of the erbium ions is dramatically reduced by the presence of the ytterbium ions     

掺Er~（3＋）和掺Er~（3＋）／Yb~（3＋）光纤中1313nm到780nm的频率上转换过程

研究了在连续锁模和调Ｑ锁模两种脉冲泵浦条件下，掺Ｅｒ（３＋）和掺Ｅ３＋／Ｙｂ３＋单模ＧｅＯ２／ＳｉＯ２石英光纤中，１３１３ｎｍＮｄ：ＹＬＦ激光到７８０ｎｍ波长的频率上转换过程。Ｅｒ３＋离子在共振吸收两个光子后到４Ｆ９／２态，再经快速的无辐射转移到４Ｉ９／２态．形成７８０ｎｍ辐射。在连续锁模泵浦条件下．１３１３ｎｍ至７８０ｎｍ的转换效率比调Ｑ锁模条件下更高．而后者的峰值功率是前者的几百倍。     

Temperature dependence of pulsed laser threshold in YAG:Er3+, Tm3+, Ho +

The variation of pulsed laser threshold with temperature is graphically presented for YAG: Er³⁺, Tm³⁺, Ho³⁺over the range from 90 to 300°K. The active ion is Ho³⁺and threshold for the 2.13-micron line varies between 4 and 60 joules over this temperature range.